共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
This study extends previous two-dimensional research [Wang, S.D., Shen, Y.M., Zheng, Y.H., 2005. Two-dimensional numerical simulation for transport and fate of oil spills in seas. Ocean Engineering 32, 1556–1571] to three dimensions in order to investigate the vertical dispersion/motion of the spilled oil slick, which is a more realistic model of the motion of the spilled oil. To this end, a three-dimensional (3-D) model, based on the particle approach, is developed for simulating oil spill transport and fate in seas. The amount of oil released at sea is distributed among a large number of particles tracked individually. These particles are driven by a combination of water current, wave- and wind-induced speed and move in a 3-D space. Horizontal and vertical diffusion are taken into account using a random walk technique. The model simulates the most significant processes which affect the motion of oil particles, such as advection, surface spreading, evaporation, dissolution, emulsification, turbulent diffusion, the interaction of the oil particles with the shoreline, sedimentation and the temporal variations of oil viscosity, density and surface tension. In addition, the processes of hydrolysis, photo-oxidation and biodegradation are also considered in this model. The model has been applied to simulate the oil spill accident in the Bohai Sea. 相似文献
2.
This paper presents the development and application of two-dimensional and three-dimensional oil trajectory and fate models for coastal waters. In the two-dimensional model, the oil slick is divided into a number of small grids and the properties of each grid due to spreading, advection, turbulent diffusion, evaporation and dissolution are studied. This model can predict the movement of the oil slick on the water surface. In order to simulate the distribution of oil particles in the water column, a three-dimensional oil fate model is developed based on the mass transport equation and the concentration distribution of oil particles can be solved. A comparison of numerical results with the observed data shows good conformity. 相似文献
3.
A. Ya. Matveev A. A. Kubryakov A. G. Boev D. M. Bychkov V. K. Ivanov S. V. Stanichny V. N. Tsymbal 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2016,52(9):940-950
The possibilities of a multiangle method of radar diagnostics to determine thickness of an oil film on a sea surface by comparing the radar data with the quantitative modeling results obtained using the model of oil spreading dynamics are analyzed. The experimental results of the remote sensing of the Caspian Sea water area near the Neftyanye Kamni oil field by the Envisat-1 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and the new Floating Objects Tracking System (FOTS) model of oil spreading are used for the analysis. The model allows to calculate the dynamics and change in the mass and size of an oil slick basing only on the available data of satellite measurements and atmospheric reanalysis.The model takes into account the main processes that influence the slick formation (gravity spreading, advective transport, dispersion, emulsification, turbulent mixing, and evaporation). This model is used to calculate the thickness evolution and dynamics of the displacement of oil slicks in the period between two consecutive radar images of this region (0.5–4 days) and to estimate the volumes of oil spilled in the field. The good consistence of the height of the oil film calculated using radar measurements and the modeling results confirms the method’s reliability. 相似文献
4.
要实现利用微波辐射计对海面溢油的厚度等参数进行遥感监测，必须先对水面油膜的微波辐射特性进行研究，以便为传感器的设计和遥感资料的解译提供依据。在实验室条件下，利用“灰体室”的环境条件及测量方法，测试了原油、燃料油和食用植物油膜的微波发射率与油膜厚度之间的关系，并对测量结果进行分析和讨论。为实际应用提供技术资料。 相似文献
5.
The movement of floating pollutants such as oil slicks on the surface of the sea is due to a number different factors, among which wave drift is certainly significant.In principle, it has been known since Stokes' time that a floating particle is subject to the movement caused by the orbital motion of water particles and that an average drift velocity results because the trajectories are not closed. In the past, however, this effect was often either disregarded or simply included with the surface wind induced current. In recent times the difference between the two effects has been conceptually clarified, so that the average wave drift in random one-dimensional seas has been the object of research and the results are now included in most handbooks and models for oil slick forecasting.Due to the chaotic nature of the wave field, however, the drift also causes floating substances to disperse, and this phenomenon is a much more neglected area of research. Recent work by Bovolin et al. [IAHR Congress, 1997] and Sobey and Barker [J. Coast. Res. 13 (1997)] has brought the subject to attention, and computational tools can now be made to quantify the effect and to verify when and how it should be taken into consideration in oil slick accident practise.The work presented in this paper is based on random simulation of the wave induced Eulerian velocity field in a directional sea, by making use of standard offshore wave directional models and on the ensemble averaging of floating particles trajectories in order to compute the spatial dispersion. 相似文献
6.
湍流局地平衡假设的新推论--齐次湍流动能输运方程封闭模型与应用(Ⅱ) 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
在湍流局地平衡假设下 ,建立了齐次湍能输运方程封闭模型 (HKE) ,并在平板边界层的两种经典流动中加以检验 ,给出 HKE封闭下的流速、湍流动能和湍流混合系数剖面的形式解。结果表明 ,HKE可以避免在流速剪切为零时的无湍流混合问题 ,其解与 L aufer湍流实验吻合 ,因而HKE模型比混合长理论有更合理的内涵。文中还给出 HKE封闭的浅海动力学模型 ,以湍应力和水位梯度力的平衡为运动的基本受力平衡 ,进行了模型的量阶分析和运动分析 :当阻尼频率和运动频率同量阶时 ,惯性运动不可忽略 ;在潮振荡占优的浅海中 ,对流非线性相对于惯性运动为小量 ;当阻尼频率足够大时 ,科氏力项相对于湍应力也可能为小量。 相似文献
7.
海面溢油无人机高光谱遥感检测与厚度估算方法 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
海上溢油是海洋国家所面临的共同问题，但至今仍没有一种可靠实用的海上溢油准确识别和油量遥感监测方法。为此，本文以无人机高光谱遥感为手段，开展了海面溢油检测与厚度估算方法研究。实验中，通过搭建室外大型水槽溢油实验装置，获取了模拟真实海洋环境条件下不同溢油量的遥感和现场光谱数据，在此基础上，分析并提取了海上溢油特征光谱波段，给出了海上溢油高光谱检测模型；针对现场实验条件下水面油膜厚度难以测定的问题，设计了3种利用总体溢油量的油膜厚度估算模型。得到如下主要结论:（1）675 nm和699 nm是海上溢油检测的有效特征波段，但对极薄的油膜没有检测能力；（2）提出了归一化溢油指数模型、反比例模型和吸收基线模型等3种海上溢油油膜厚度估算模型，其中对于薄油膜（厚度≤ 5 μm）和厚油膜（厚度>50 μm），反比例模型是溢油厚度反演的首选也是唯一选择。对于中厚度油膜，晴朗天气条件下，归一化溢油指数模型是油膜厚度反演的首选，同时反比例模型和溢油吸收基线模型也都有较好的反演能力，而在多云天气条件下，反比例模型效果最佳。 相似文献
8.
M. Mohandesi Namin A. A. Bidokhti A. Karami Khaniki I. Hasan Zadeh M. Torabi Azad 《Marine Geodesy》2016,39(2):141-164
Complex process of turbulent mixing in Persian Gulf that is a semi-closed sea makes it a good media to test the performance of different turbulence schemes. In this research, we used the 3D ocean model COHERENS (COupled Hydrodynamical Ecological model for REgioNal Shelf seas) for the Persian Gulf with the open boundary in the Hormuz Strait. Of the turbulence schemes for the vertical diffusion available in the COHERENS, we tested four models to investigate the hydrodynamic characteristics of the Persian Gulf. The results show that all of the schemes presented the sea surface salinity (SSS) distribution rather accurately but the k-l and flow-dependent models results have better agreements with observations. The most noticeable difference between the results of four schemes is the differences found in the simulation of turbulent parameters. The turbulent closure schemes generally provide better results, but the algebraic schemes show turbulent parameters far from reality and they do not show substantial changes with time. Generally, the vertical structures of turbulence in the water basins and parameterization of turbulence in water column is very sensitive to the selection of the type of the turbulence scheme. However, large-scale structures that take place within the inflow and outflow area are approximately quasi-horizontal, and the vertical small-scale turbulence does not affect them as much. As a result, they show less sensitivity to the performance of various turbulence schemes. 相似文献
9.
S. A. Ermakov I. A. Sergievskaya L. A. Gushchin 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2012,48(5):565-572
Laboratory study results on the damping of gravity-capillary waves (GCWs) on water covered with oil slicks are presented. The nonmonotonic behavior (the presence of a local maximum) of the dependence of the damp coefficient on the slick thickness has been ascertained. The dispersion relation for GCWs in the presence of a viscoelastic slick of arbitrary thickness has been numerically calculated; this confirmed the presence of a damp coefficient maximum as a function of slick thickness. The parameters of oil slicks (interfacial elasticity and viscosity) have been estimated in a wide range of their thickness from a comparison of the calculation results with the data from laboratory measurements of wave parameters on water covered with an oil slick. 相似文献
10.
11.
Jen-Men Lo 《Ocean Engineering》1996,23(6):519-531
Laboratory experiments were carried out to test the effectiveness of single floating booms, and series of barriers in preventing oil slick and jellyfish movement under various current, wind, and wave conditions. Samples of Kuwait light crude, Kuwait heavy crude, and emulsified Kuwait heavy crude oil were selected for the test program. It was found that the single floating booms were only effective in preventing the oil slick movement at current speeds less than 0.15 m/s for emulsified oil and 0.25 nits for non-emulsified oil. Double floating booms (with a distance of 16 times the boom's draught between them) prevented both non-emulsified and emulsified oil movement when current speed was less than 0.25 nits. The double floating boom system had the best performance in containing oil slick movement.In the combined air-bubble barrier and floating boom system, the air-bubble plume lifted the jellyfish to the water's surface, and thus most jellyfish accumulated in front of the floating boom. With the help of a proper collection device (such as a suction pump), the accumulated jellyfish could be removed to a desired location. Therefore, the quantity of jellyfish moving into the intake channel was reduced.Based on the test results, three different arrangements were recommended for the protection Kuwait's water intakes and harbors from oil slick and jellyfish movement. 相似文献
12.
Past studies have shown that there is a wave-enhanced, near-surface mixed-layer in which the dissipation rate is greater than
that derived from the “law of the wall”. In this study, turbulence in water columns under wind breaking waves is investigated
numerically and analytically. Improved estimations of dissipation rate are parameterized as surface source of turbulent kinetic
energy (TKE) for a more accurate modelling of vertical profile of velocity and TKE in the water column. The simulation results
have been compared with the experimental results obtained by Cheung and Street (1988) and Kitaigorodskii et al. (1983), with good agreement. The results show that the numerical full model can well simulate the near-surface wave-enhanced
layer and suggest that the vertical diffusive coefficients are highly empirical and related to the TKE diffusion, the shear
production and the dissipation. Analytical solutions of TKE are also derived for near surface layer and in deep water respectively.
Near the surface layer, the dissipation rate is assumed to be balanced by the TKE diffusion to obtain the analytical solution;
however, the balance between the dissipation and the shear production is applied at the deep layer. The analytical results
in various layers are compared with that of the full numerical model, which confirms that the wave-enhanced layer near the
surface is a diffusion-dominated region. The influence of the wave energy factor is also examined, which increases the surface
TKE flux with the wave development. Under this region, the water behavior transits to satisfy the classic law of the wall.
Below the transition depth, the shear production dominantly balances the dissipation.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
13.
Though ubiquitous in the global oceans, double diffusive mixing has been largely ignored or poorly represented in the models of turbulent mixing in the ocean and in 3-D ocean models, until recently. Salt fingers occur in the interior of many marginal seas and ocean basins, the Tyrrhenian Sea and the subtropical Atlantic being two examples. Diffusive convection type of double diffusion occurs in the upper layers of many sub-polar seas and polar oceans due to cold melt water from sea ice. Consequently, it is important to be able to properly parameterize double diffusive mixing in basin scale and global ocean models, so that the water mass structure in the interior of the ocean can be properly simulated. This note describes a model for double diffusive mixing in the presence of background shear, based on Mellor–Yamada type second moment closure, more specifically Kantha, 2003, Kantha and Clayson, 2004 second moment closure models of resulting turbulence, following Canuto et al. (2008a) but employing a different strategy for modeling the pertinent terms in the second moment equations. The resulting model is suitable for inclusion in ocean general circulation models. 相似文献
14.
15.
水下溢油数值模拟研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于Lagrange积分法和Lagrange粒子追踪法建立了一个水下溢油数值模型。该溢油模型由两个子模型组成:羽流动力模型和对流扩散模型,其中羽流动力模型用以模拟溢油的喷发阶段和浮力羽流阶段;对流扩散模型用以模拟溢油的对流扩散阶段。通过数值实验,结合实验室水槽实验和水下溢油现场实验的观测资料进行模型验证。实验结果表明,模拟结果与观测资料一致性较好,从而验证了本文溢油模型的合理性和准确性;羽流动力模型为对流扩散模型提供源,海流、海水的垂向密度结构和油滴的直径分布是影响溢油在对流扩散阶段运动和分布的主要因素。 相似文献
16.
海浪破碎对海洋上混合层中湍能量收支的影响 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
海浪破碎产生一向下输入的湍动能通量,在近海表处形成一湍流生成明显增加的次层,加强了海洋上混合层中的湍流垂向混合。为了研究海浪破碎对混合层中湍能量收支的影响,文中分析了海浪破碎对海洋上混合层中湍流生成的影响机制,采用垂向一维湍封闭混合模式,通过改变湍动能方程的上边界条件,引入了海浪破碎产生的湍动能通量,并分别对不同风速下海浪破碎的影响进行了数值研究,分析了混合层中湍能量收支的变化。当考虑海浪破碎影响时,近海表次层中的垂直扩散项和耗散项都有显著的增加,该次层中被耗散的湍动能占整个混合层中耗散的总的湍能量的92.0%,比无海浪破碎影响的结果增加了近1倍;由于平均流场切变减小,混合层中的湍流剪切生成减小了3.5%,形成一种存在于湍动能的耗散和垂直扩散之间的局部平衡关系。在该次层以下,局部平衡关系与壁层定律的结论一致,即湍动能的剪切生成与耗散相平衡。研究结果表明,海浪破碎在海表产生的湍动能通量影响了海洋上混合层中的各项湍能量收支间的局部平衡关系。 相似文献
17.
18.
三维海洋溢油预测模型的建立(英文) 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
提出一个海洋溢油三维物理归宿和输运的动力学综合模型。该模型包含了一系列的数学公式来描述对流、湍扩散、表面扩展、铅直扩散、乳化和蒸发过程。每一公式的建立是独立的并且与相关过程、环境和其它参数相联系。该模型需要输入流场作为输运的媒介 ,这可从感兴趣区域的三维潮和风驱动的流体动力学模型获得。模型用来预测和后报溢油在海洋环境中的归宿和输移 ,可为溢油应急反应和环境影响评价服务。 相似文献
19.
N. M. Ridgway 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(1-2):178-184
The directions of surface oil slicks spreading from the wreck of t.e.v. Wahine during April 1968 are compared with predicted movements of surface water obtained by the vectorial addition of wind‐induced surface currents and tidal currents. Wind factors of 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, and 5% of recorded surface wind speeds were used to calculate wind‐induced currents which were assumed to be in the same direction as the wind. The observed oil slick movements correspond best with the resultants obtained using a 3–5% wind factor, 60–64% of these falling within ± 20° of the observed directions of the oil slicks. Possible sources of error in the method are discussed and an example is given to illustrate how the method might be used to predict movements of surface oil resulting from an oil spillage. 相似文献
20.
利用WRF(Weather Research and Forecasting)模式,针对1次陆雾与1次同时包含近海雾区与开阔海域雾区的海雾个例,开展了2种陆面方案——SLAB(five-layer thermal diffusion scheme)方案与Noah(Noah land surface scheme)方案——的模拟效果对比研究。研究结果表明:1)SLAB方案与Noah方案在开阔海域雾区模拟中的表现基本一致,但只有前者成功再现了陆雾与近海雾区。2)对于陆雾,与SLAB方案相比,Noah方案在白天偏高的地表温度造成偏强的地面垂直热量通量,加之偏弱的垂直水汽通量共同使得地面相对湿度偏低20%,导致模拟失败。3)对于海雾,两种方案模拟的地表温度与地面垂直水汽通量之间的差异,直接导致了地面2 m气温与水汽混合比的差异,进而影响了渤海的地面低压天气系统的强弱与水汽平流的大小,从而使得它们对渤海近海雾区的模拟表现迥异。本次个例中,应用广泛且陆面过程完善的Noah方案对陆雾模拟的表现反而不如过程简单的SLAB方案,本文对此给出了初步的解释,但仍需进一步探究其原因。 相似文献