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1.
The influence of high vertical velocity gradients in the Black Sea Rim Current on the intensity of the vertical turbulent exchange is demonstrated on the basis of numerical modeling based on CTD data. The vertical turbulent exchange is confirmed by the anomalous distribution of the hydrochemical parameters in the redox layer. A system of equations for the kinetic energy of the turbulence and dissipation rate (k-? model) is used for the calculation of the coefficient of the vertical turbulent viscosity (diffusivity). 相似文献
2.
Numerical simulations are performed to investigate the influence of variable front slopes on flow evolution and waveform inversion of a depression ISW (internal solitary wave) over an idealized shelf with variable front slopes. A finite volume based on Cartesian grid method is adopted to solve the Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes equations using a k-ε model for the turbulent closure. Numerical results exhibit the variations of several pertinent properties of the flow field, in the case with or without waveform inversion on the horizontal plateau of an obstacle. The clockwise vortex is stronger than the counterclockwise one, almost throughout the wave-obstacle interaction. Analysis of the turbulent energy budget reveals that the turbulent production term in the governing equations dominates the wave evolution during a wave-obstacle interaction; otherwise the buoyancy production term and the dissipation term due to viscosity within turbulent eddies play a major role in energy dissipation. In addition, the front slope affects mainly the process and reflection of the wave evolution but has less influence than other physical parameters. Moreover, total wave energy of the leading crest is smaller than that of the leading trough even in the cases with waveform inversion on the plateau. 相似文献
3.
利用2019年7月在长江口科学考察实验研究夏季航段(NORC2019-03-02)中获得的MSS90L湍流剖面仪的直接观测数据,本文计算并分析了该断面的湍动能耗散率ε和垂向湍扩散系数KZ的分布情况。湍动能耗散率的大小为1.72×10?10～2.95×10?5 W/kg;垂向湍扩散系数的大小为3.24×10?7～4.55×10?2 m2/s。湍动能耗散率和垂向湍扩散系数的分布相似,均为上层最强,底层次之,中层最弱。上层由于风应力的作用,使得湍动能耗散率和垂向湍扩散系数较大;温跃层处层化较强,抑制了湍动能的耗散和垂向上的湍混合。盐度锋面的次级环流会促使低盐水团脱离,锋面引起的垂向环流会加强海洋的湍混合。低盐水团与外界的能量交换较少,湍动能耗散率较弱。长江口海区存在明显的上升流和下降流,它们是由锋面的次级环流产生的;上升流和下降流的存在促进湍动能的耗散与湍混合。 相似文献
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5.
Turbulent characteristics and current velocity are calculated in the framework of a quasistationary model for a shallow sea,
using the equations for Reynolds stress transport and for the rate of dissipation. The paper shows that the ‘negative viscosity’
effect manifests itself in the near-bottom layer, related to energy transfer from pulse motions of turbulent flow to the mean
ones.
Translated by Vladimir A. Puchkin. 相似文献
6.
海浪破碎对海洋上混合层中湍能量收支的影响 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
海浪破碎产生一向下输入的湍动能通量,在近海表处形成一湍流生成明显增加的次层,加强了海洋上混合层中的湍流垂向混合。为了研究海浪破碎对混合层中湍能量收支的影响,文中分析了海浪破碎对海洋上混合层中湍流生成的影响机制,采用垂向一维湍封闭混合模式,通过改变湍动能方程的上边界条件,引入了海浪破碎产生的湍动能通量,并分别对不同风速下海浪破碎的影响进行了数值研究,分析了混合层中湍能量收支的变化。当考虑海浪破碎影响时,近海表次层中的垂直扩散项和耗散项都有显著的增加,该次层中被耗散的湍动能占整个混合层中耗散的总的湍能量的92.0%,比无海浪破碎影响的结果增加了近1倍;由于平均流场切变减小,混合层中的湍流剪切生成减小了3.5%,形成一种存在于湍动能的耗散和垂直扩散之间的局部平衡关系。在该次层以下,局部平衡关系与壁层定律的结论一致,即湍动能的剪切生成与耗散相平衡。研究结果表明,海浪破碎在海表产生的湍动能通量影响了海洋上混合层中的各项湍能量收支间的局部平衡关系。 相似文献
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8.
A recently developed fully explicit algebraic model of Reynolds stress and turbulent heat flux in a thermally stratified planetary atmospheric boundary layer without stratification has been used for a numerical study of the Ekman turbulent boundary layer over a homogeneous rough surface for different dimensionless surface Rossby numbers. A comparative analysis has been conducted for a closure model of the transport term in the prognostic equation of turbulent kinetic energy dissipation including third-order moments. Dependences of the total wind rotation angle on the Rossby number have been obtained. The calculated vertical profiles of mean velocity, turbulent stress, turbulent kinetic energy, surface-friction velocity, and boundary-layer height agree satisfactorily with observational and earlier obtained LES data. 相似文献
9.
A nearshore wave breaking model 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
ＡｎｅａｒｓｈｏｒｅｗａｖｅｂｒｅａｋｉｎｇｍｏｄｅｌＬｉＳｈａｏｗｕ,ＷａｎｇＳｈａｎｇｙｉ,ＴｏｍｏｙａＳｈｉｂａｙａｍａ（ＲｅｃｅｉｕｅｄＯｃｔｏｂｅｒ８,１９９６;ａｃｃｅｐｔｅｄＦｅｂｒｕａｒｙ２６,１９９７）Ａｂｓｔｒａｃｔ－Ａｗａｖｅｂ... 相似文献
10.
Numerical study on the characteristics of flow field and wave propagation near submerged breakwater on slope 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
In this study,characteristics of flow field and wave propagation near submerged breakwater on a sloping bed are investigated with numerical model. The governing equations of the vertical twodimensional model are Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes equations. The Reynolds stress terms are closed by a nonlinear k ε turbulence transportation model. The free surface is traced through the PILC-VOF method. The proposed numerical model is verified with experimental results. The numerical result shows that the wave profile may become more asymmetrical when wave propa-gates over breakwater. When wave crest propagates over breakwater,the anticlockwise vortex may generate. On the contrary,when wave hollow propagates over breakwater,the clockwise vortex may generate. Meanwhile,the influenced zone of vortex created by wave crest is larger than that created by wave hollow. All the maximum values of the turbulent kinetic energy,turbulent dissi-pation and eddy viscosity occur on the top of breakwater. Both the turbulent dissipation and eddy viscosity increase as the turbulent kinetic energy increases. Wave energy may rapidly decrease near the breakwater because turbulent dissipation increases and energy in lower harmonics is transferred into higher harmonics. 相似文献
11.
S. V. Shagalov V. P. Reutov G. V. Rybushkina 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2009,45(5):629-645
The mechanisms of the large-scale vortex structures formation in zonal jet flows (atmospheric blockings, cyclonic, and anticyclonic
vortices) is investigated. Nonlinear perturbations formed during the onset of barotropic instability of a long-wave mode in
weakly-dissipative and weakly supercritical jet flows with a symmetric velocity profile are considered in the β-plane approximation.
This analysis is performed within the framework of the asymptotic theory based on the concept of a nonlinear critical layer.
The equations describing the interaction of a wave with vorticity perturbations in a critical layer are derived. The regimes
of a quasi-stationary and nonstationary nonlinear critical layer are considered separately. Combined equations of evolution
covering the principle regimes of instability development are proposed. The existence of autowave-type structures characterized
by a balance between the energy receipt to the wave and its dissipation are obtained within the framework of a numerical simulation.
The dependence of the parameters of generated autowave structures on the shape of the zonal jet profile and the flow supercriticality
level is studied. 相似文献
12.
It is well known that, within the linear nonviscous equations of tidal dynamics, the amplitudes of oscillations of the barotropic and baroclinic tidal velocity components unlimitedly increase when approaching the critical latitude. It is also known that the linear equations of tidal dynamics with a constant and specified vertical eddy viscosity indicate the occurrence of significant tidal velocity shears in the near-bottom layer, which are responsible for increasing the baroclinic tidal energy dissipation, the turbulent kinetic energy, and the thickness of the bottom boundary layer. The first circumstance—the growth of the amplitudes of oscillations of the barotropic and baroclinic tidal velocity components—is due to the elimination in the original equations of small terms, which are small everywhere except for the critical latitude zone. The second circumstance—the occurrence of significant tidal velocity shears—is due to the fact that internal tidal waves, which induce the dissipation of the baroclinic tidal energy and the diapycnal diffusion, are either not taken into account or described inadequately. It is suggested that diapycnal diffusion can lead to the degeneration (complete or partial) of tidal velocity shears, with all the ensuing consequences. The aforesaid is confirmed by simulation results obtained using the QUODDY-4 high-resolution three-dimensional finite-element hydrostatic model along the 66.25° E section, which passes in the Kara Sea across the critical latitude. 相似文献
13.
Some aspects of the upper ocean layer dynamics are considered, including the Ekman transport, the relation of the thickness of the quasi-homogeneous layer to the thickness of the layer of rotation of the drift current vector, and the correlation between the level of the turbulent energy dissipation and the thickness of the quasi-homogeneous layer. 相似文献
14.
G. T. Csanady 《Journal of Oceanography》1997,53(1):67-80
A “slip law” connects the excess velocity or “slip” of a wind-blown water surface, relative to the motion in the middle of
the mixed layer, to the wind stress, the wind-wave field, and buoyancy flux. An inner layer-outer layer model of the turbulent
shear flow in the mixed layer is appropriate, as for a turbulent boundary layer or Ekman layer over a solid surface, allowing,
however, for turbulent kinetic energy transfer from the air-side via breaking waves, and for Stokes drift. Asymptotic matching
of the velocity distributions in inner and outer portions of the mixed layer yields a slip law of logarithmic form, akin to
the drag law of a turbulent boundary layer. The dominant independent variable is the ratio of water-side roughness length
to mixed layer depth or turbulent Ekman depth. Convection due to surface cooling is also an important influence, reducing
surface slip. Water-side roughness length is a wind-wave property, varying with wind speed similarly to air-side roughness.
Slip velocity is typically 20 times water-side friction velocity or 3% of wind speed, varying within a range of about 2 to
4.5%. A linearized model of turbulent kinetic energy distribution shows much higher values near the surface than in a wall
layer. Nondimensional dissipation peaks at a value of about eight, a short distance below the surface. 相似文献
15.
Hiroshi Ichikawa 《Journal of Oceanography》1978,34(4):129-139
The spectral energy balance in the wind-wave spectrum is studied with taking into account the energy input from turbulent wind to waves, the energy rearrangement due to conservative nonlinear wave-wave interaction and the energy dissipation due to water turbulence. Using the Ichikawa's (1978) model on the turbulent wind field over wind-waves and assuming that the energy dissipation is times greater than that due to molecular viscosity of water, the energy input and dissipation are determined so as to satisfy the condition that the nonlinear-transfers of momentum and energy conserve the total momentum and energy of waves. The nonlinear energy-transfer is estimated from the energy balance at each frequency. It is found that the energy input and dissipation satisfying the condition on the conservative nonlinear-transfer are determined by the characteristic height of wind-wave field and the friction velocity of air, and that the spectral distribution of the nonlinear energy-transfer estimated in this paper is qualitatively similar to that estimated by the non-linear wave-wave interaction theory ofHasselmann (1962). 相似文献
16.
继第部分之后研究了惯性内波和近惯性内波由f～的作用所致的剪切不稳定引起的破碎机制。物理上,该机制很象存在由风应力所致薄表面涡旋漂流层时表面波的破碎与饱和过程。惯性内波和近惯性内波的破碎产物与小尺度湍流一起形成了混合块,它与Gregg等人(1986)的持久混合观测结果一致。依据Thorpe(1973)实验的结果作者提出了一个估计湍流动能耗散率和消衰时间的方法。结果表明,在剪切不稳定中近惯性内波在湍动耗散中起了关键作用,而惯性内波引起非常弱的湍动耗散。使用内波能量谱的标准总能量密度估计出的近惯性内波的耗散率和消衰时间与PATCHEX测量结果非常一致。文中还讨论了几个与此破碎机制有关的问题。 相似文献
17.
K. L. Egorov 《Physical Oceanography》1990,1(6):513-517
The paper reports on a class of models for a turbulent boundary layer which are based on the turbulent energy balance equation and closure and use hypothesis of the type of Karman relations for turbulent mixing paths or complementary transport equations. It is shown that in the absence of a velocity shear near the kinetic turbulent energy flux all the models are encompassed by a unique hypothesis and satisfy with depth a linear dependence of the mixing path.Translated by Vladimir A. Puchkin. 相似文献
18.
Past studies have shown that there is a wave-enhanced, near-surface mixed-layer in which the dissipation rate is greater than
that derived from the “law of the wall”. In this study, turbulence in water columns under wind breaking waves is investigated
numerically and analytically. Improved estimations of dissipation rate are parameterized as surface source of turbulent kinetic
energy (TKE) for a more accurate modelling of vertical profile of velocity and TKE in the water column. The simulation results
have been compared with the experimental results obtained by Cheung and Street (1988) and Kitaigorodskii et al. (1983), with good agreement. The results show that the numerical full model can well simulate the near-surface wave-enhanced
layer and suggest that the vertical diffusive coefficients are highly empirical and related to the TKE diffusion, the shear
production and the dissipation. Analytical solutions of TKE are also derived for near surface layer and in deep water respectively.
Near the surface layer, the dissipation rate is assumed to be balanced by the TKE diffusion to obtain the analytical solution;
however, the balance between the dissipation and the shear production is applied at the deep layer. The analytical results
in various layers are compared with that of the full numerical model, which confirms that the wave-enhanced layer near the
surface is a diffusion-dominated region. The influence of the wave energy factor is also examined, which increases the surface
TKE flux with the wave development. Under this region, the water behavior transits to satisfy the classic law of the wall.
Below the transition depth, the shear production dominantly balances the dissipation.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
19.
利用2016年夏季长江河口现场水文特性与湍流微结构观测资料, 分析了长江河口水体温盐结构、层化发育、湍流与混合特征。结果表明: 1)夏季长江河口水体密度层化结构明显, 根据各层水体密度梯度差异, 可将水体分为底部混合层和上层密度跃层, 两部分的密度层化界限与浮力频率等值线lg N 2 = - 4.0接近。2)底部混合层湍动能耗散率大, 层化结构弱, 水体分层稳定性弱; 上层密度跃层湍动能耗散小, 层化结构强, 水体分层稳定性强, 这有利于河口内波的发育与传播。3)在密度层化的作用下, 水体的湍动能耗散率、湍动能剪切生成及浮力通量的能量关系在一定范围内符合湍动能局部能量平衡方程。不同层之间的湍流弗劳德数Frt和湍流雷诺数Ret在Frt-Ret平面上呈现明显的分区, 与经典的分层剪切流理论基本吻合。 相似文献
20.
We perform the experimental verification of the applicability of the theory of similarity to the wave boundary layer and the
assessment of wave-induced perturbations of the air flow depending on various conditions of stratification of the atmosphere
and the state of the sea. The measurements were carried out from a stationary platform located in the coastal part of the
Black Sea. The experimental procedure is based on the simultaneous measurements of the profile and fluctuations of the wind
speed at 5–6 levels in the 1.3–21-m layer, the elevations of the sea surface, the directions of waves and winds, and the mean
gradients of temperature and humidity of air. The structure of the boundary layer in the region of measurements depends on
the direction of the wind. For weak and moderate onshore winds (< 9 m/sec), the approximate balance is preserved between the
production and dissipation of turbulent energy in the cases of unstable and neutral stratification. On the average, the estimates
of friction velocity according to the profiles are higher than the dissipative estimates by 10% mainly due to the deficiency
of dissipation near the surface. For the offshore wind, the structure of the boundary layer abruptly changes and is determined
not by the local parameters but by strong turbulent eddies formed over the dry land. The intensity of low-frequency turbulent
fluctuations and the gradient of wind velocity near the surface in the coastal zone are 1.5–2 times higher than for the open
sea.
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Translated from Morskoi Gidrofizicheskii Zhurnal, No. 3, pp. 42–61, May–June, 2007. 相似文献