共查询到17条相似文献，搜索用时 234 毫秒
1.
利用2017年9月在渤海共享航次中取得的湍流混合直接观测数据,本文研究了渤海海域湍流混合的空间分布特征及有关的影响因素。9月观测海区水体垂向层结较弱,莱州湾受黄河冲淡水影响出现高温低盐结构,位于渤海中央浅滩南北两侧洼地的双中心冷水结构依旧存在。湍流观测结果表明湍动能耗散率在10~(-9)～10~(-5)W/kg之间变化,统计上满足对数正态分布。耗散率强值区出现在辽东湾及渤海湾湾口近岸处,相应的垂向湍扩散系数约为10~(-6)～10~(-2)m~2/s。垂向上,水体表、底层混合较强,进一步研究发现弱层化水体的平均湍动能耗散率〈ε〉与风速和正压潮流速的大小存在正相关关系。另一方面,耗散率ε与浮性频率N近似满足ε=2.0×10~(-8)+3.0×10~(-7)(N~2/N_0~2)~(-5)的拟合函数关系,反映了层化对水体垂向混合的抑制作用。 相似文献
2.
南海中部上层海洋湍流混合的空间分布特征及参数化模型 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
通过对2010年5月南海16°N和14.5°N断面的湍流微结构剖面观测资料分析,给出了南海海盆上层湍流混合空间分布特征:在16°N断面上,上层10~400m垂向平均湍动能耗散率ερ在东侧略大于西侧;相反,在14.5°N断面上,西侧ερ均值约是东侧ερ的4倍,其中,西侧110.5°~111°E的ερ的平均值为2.6×10-6 W/m3,东侧118.5°E的ερ仅为5.89×10-7 W/m3。通过分析细结构剪切和湍流混合的相关性,发现剪切是南海中部上层强湍流混合的主要驱动力,揭示了高模态内波破碎可能是湍流混合的主要机制。另外,研究了大洋中的3种参数化模型,发现适用于大洋近海的参数化MacKinnon-Gregg(MG)模型能较好地用浮频和剪切估算南海中部深海区上层湍流耗散率。 相似文献
3.
海洋上混合层中的次级环流可通过物质和能量的垂直输运和混合过程把海洋表层的热量、动量与物质携带到次表层,对海洋上层次级环流生成机制的研究可以丰富对上层海洋的理解和认识。文中利用线性稳定性理论讨论了经典海表Ekman流的不稳定性,提出Ekman流的不稳定性可生成一种新型的次级环流。这种次级环流的空间尺度与雷诺数、Ekman流的垂向衰减速率、水平湍黏性系数与垂向湍黏性系数比值等密切相关,尺度范围从数十米到数千米。数十米量级的次级环流其垂向结构以及次级环流流轴与主流场偏角都与Langmuir环流的特征极为相似,是Langmuir环流形成机制的一种新解释。千米量级的次级环流能够解释黄海浒苔的条带分布。此外,所得次级环流的流轴与主流之间的偏角与科氏力有显著关系,北半球次级环流流轴偏向主流左侧,南半球反之。 相似文献
4.
波浪破碎过程产生的湍流动量和能量垂向输运对于加快海洋上混合层中垂向混合具有显著效果。采用二维实验室水槽中对波浪破碎过程进行模拟。对采集的波浪振幅时间序列采用希尔伯特变换定位破碎波位置,波浪的破碎率随有效波高的增加而增大,波浪谱分析得到的波浪基本周期与有效周期结果相似。实验中采用粒子图像测速技术(particle image velocimetry, PIV)计算波浪破碎过程中湍动能耗散率的空间分布。湍流强度与波浪的相位密切相关,波峰位置处湍流活动最为剧烈,而且波峰位置处湍流混合区内湍动能耗散率量值的垂向分布基本保持不变,即出现"湍流饱和"现象,湍流影响深度可以达到波高的70%—90%。计算湍流扩散系数的垂向分布发现,湍流扩散在混合区上部随深度的增大以指数函数的形式增加,在混合区下部趋于稳定。作为对比,在相同位置处对声学多普勒流速测量仪(acoustic Doppler velocimeter, ADV)测量的单点流速做频谱分析,发现与该位置处PIV湍动能耗散率结果量级处于同一水平,进一步验证了实验结果的准确性。 相似文献
5.
南海北部陆坡区混合过程观测 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
为了解南海北部陆坡区的内部混合过程,2004年4月30日至5月1日,延平2号科考船在该海域利用自由沉降式的微结构剖面仪TurboMAP-Ⅱ进行了一次混合过程的直接观测。观测海区南海次表层水团和南海中层水团形成的特定温盐结构,使得150～500m之间出现盐指现象。通过对观测数据的处理和分析,研究了观测海区的湍动能耗散率、热耗散率和热扩散系数的分布以及盐指现象对混合效率的影响。观测海区的湍动能耗散率为2.0×10-10～7.8×10-7W/kg,最大值出现在上混合层;热耗散率为2.7×10-9～1.5×10-6℃2/s,最大值出现在温跃层附近。层结稳定区混合效率的平均值为0.18,与常用值0.2非常接近,盐指发生区混合效率的平均值为0.76,表明盐指现象的存在提高了混合效率。 相似文献
6.
基于Thorpe尺度方法,利用CTD数据,计算了南极普里兹湾海域的Thorpe尺度和湍流扩散系数,分析了观测区域(64°～69°S,66°～80°E)湍流翻转现象的强弱及分布。结果表明,在海底和地形粗糙区存在较大的Thorpe尺度(较强湍流翻转)和湍流扩散系数,湍流扩散系数最大值能达到10-2m2/s量级,比平坦开阔海洋高2～3个数量级,部分观测站位的湍流扩散系数和湍动能耗散率表现出大-小-大的垂向分布结构,总水深较深的区域尤为明显;深水区域的浮力频率在海表面到500 m层比较大,浅水区域该现象不明显;湍动能耗散率在(67.25°S,73°E)周围和经度为78°E的各站位都表现相对较大,能达到10-6 w/kg量级,个别站位甚至能达到10-5 w/kg量级。 相似文献
7.
利用卫星遥感资料和区域海洋数值模式ROMS(regional ocean modeling system)高分辨率数值模拟结果, 对南海西部夏季上升流锋面的次中尺度特征及其非地转过程进行了探讨。高分辨率卫星遥感观测和数值模拟结果显示, 南海西部夏季锋面海域存在活跃的次中尺度现象, 其水平尺度约为1~10km, 且具有O(1)罗斯贝数(Rossby number, Ro)的典型次中尺度动力学特征。进一步的诊断分析表明, 在夏季西南风的驱动下, 沿锋面射流方向的风应力(down-front wind stress)引起的跨锋面埃克曼输运有利于将海水由锋面冷水侧向暖水侧输运, 减小了锋面海域的垂向层结和Ertel位涡, 加剧了锋面的不稳定, 并形成跨锋面的垂向次级环流。高分辨率模拟结果显示, 锋面海域最大垂向流速可达100m?d -1, 显著增强了上层海洋的垂向物质交换。因此, 活跃在锋面海域的次中尺度过程可能是增强南海西部上升流海域垂向物质交换的重要贡献者。 相似文献
8.
海浪破碎对海洋上混合层中湍能量收支的影响 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
海浪破碎产生一向下输入的湍动能通量,在近海表处形成一湍流生成明显增加的次层,加强了海洋上混合层中的湍流垂向混合。为了研究海浪破碎对混合层中湍能量收支的影响,文中分析了海浪破碎对海洋上混合层中湍流生成的影响机制,采用垂向一维湍封闭混合模式,通过改变湍动能方程的上边界条件,引入了海浪破碎产生的湍动能通量,并分别对不同风速下海浪破碎的影响进行了数值研究,分析了混合层中湍能量收支的变化。当考虑海浪破碎影响时,近海表次层中的垂直扩散项和耗散项都有显著的增加,该次层中被耗散的湍动能占整个混合层中耗散的总的湍能量的92.0%,比无海浪破碎影响的结果增加了近1倍;由于平均流场切变减小,混合层中的湍流剪切生成减小了3.5%,形成一种存在于湍动能的耗散和垂直扩散之间的局部平衡关系。在该次层以下,局部平衡关系与壁层定律的结论一致,即湍动能的剪切生成与耗散相平衡。研究结果表明,海浪破碎在海表产生的湍动能通量影响了海洋上混合层中的各项湍能量收支间的局部平衡关系。 相似文献
9.
北冰洋次表层暖水形成机制的研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
分析了北冰洋加拿大海盆上层海水温度结构特征,针对在海冰覆盖区域普遍发生的次表层暖水现象,建立了冰海耦合的一维柱形模式,成功模拟了次表层暖水的垂向结构和形成机制,证明了太阳辐射加热和表层冷却是次表层暖水的成因。通过数值实验定量分析了形成次表层暖水各因子的作用,表明太阳辐射是形成次表层暖水的能量来源;长波辐射、气温和比湿等其他大气因子对次表层暖水强度有较大影响;在厚冰区不能形成次表层暖水,海冰越薄,水道面积越大,则冰下次表层海水温度升高得就越快,薄冰和冰间水道是形成次表层暖水的主要能量通道;通过模式的拟合给出湍扩散系数垂向变化的估值,冰下表层海水垂向湍扩散系数为5.0×10-3m2/s左右,而次表层垂向湍扩散系数却快速降低到1.0×10-6m2/s,表明跃层导致的稳定性增大是形成次表层暖水尖峰的关键因素。 相似文献
10.
为定量分析内孤立波破碎的混合过程,本文在二维内波水槽中进行了两层流体第一模态内孤立波在斜坡上破碎的实验,运用粒子图像测速技术(PIV)测量内孤立波传播、破碎、反射过程的流场,计算涡度、湍动能和湍耗散率。结果表明不同振幅内波在不同角度斜坡上破碎时各个量的分布特征十分相似,各组实验各要素时间序列中均有两个峰值,分别发生于非线性增强和破碎时刻。得到破碎时湍耗散率与内孤立波振幅的关系为:较小振幅内波的湍耗散率与振幅呈2次关系,无因次振幅增大到0.9湍耗散率趋于不变;与斜坡角度的关系为:对于小振幅内波斜坡角度增大,破碎程度降低,耗散率减小;振幅较大时,存在一个角度使破碎程度最大。破碎引起的湍耗散率的量级在10–7到10–4m2/s3之间,比实测海洋中内孤立波传播界面和内潮遇地形破碎的湍耗散大1个量级。 相似文献
11.
利用2016年夏季长江河口现场水文特性与湍流微结构观测资料, 分析了长江河口水体温盐结构、层化发育、湍流与混合特征。结果表明: 1)夏季长江河口水体密度层化结构明显, 根据各层水体密度梯度差异, 可将水体分为底部混合层和上层密度跃层, 两部分的密度层化界限与浮力频率等值线lg N 2 = - 4.0接近。2)底部混合层湍动能耗散率大, 层化结构弱, 水体分层稳定性弱; 上层密度跃层湍动能耗散小, 层化结构强, 水体分层稳定性强, 这有利于河口内波的发育与传播。3)在密度层化的作用下, 水体的湍动能耗散率、湍动能剪切生成及浮力通量的能量关系在一定范围内符合湍动能局部能量平衡方程。不同层之间的湍流弗劳德数Frt和湍流雷诺数Ret在Frt-Ret平面上呈现明显的分区, 与经典的分层剪切流理论基本吻合。 相似文献
12.
The influence of high vertical velocity gradients in the Black Sea Rim Current on the intensity of the vertical turbulent exchange is demonstrated on the basis of numerical modeling based on CTD data. The vertical turbulent exchange is confirmed by the anomalous distribution of the hydrochemical parameters in the redox layer. A system of equations for the kinetic energy of the turbulence and dissipation rate (k-? model) is used for the calculation of the coefficient of the vertical turbulent viscosity (diffusivity). 相似文献
13.
Oceanic vertical mixing of the lower halocline water (LHW) in the Chukchi Borderland and Mendeleyev Ridge was studied based on in situ hydrographic and turbulent observations. The depth-averaged turbulent dissipation rate of LHW demonstrates a clear topographic dependence, with a mean value of 1.2×10–9 W/kg in the southwest of Canada Basin, 1.5×10–9 W/kg in the Mendeleyev Abyssal Plain, 2.4×10–9 W/kg on the Mendeleyev Ridge, and 2.7×10–9 W/kg on the Chukchi Cap. Correspondingly, the mean depth-averaged vertical heat flux of the LHW is 0.21 W/m2 in the southwest Canada Basin, 0.30 W/m2 in the Mendeleyev Abyssal Plain, 0.39 W/m2 on the Mendeleyev Ridge, and 0.46 W/m2 on the Chukchi Cap. However, in the presence of Pacific Winter Water, the upward heat released from Atlantic Water through the lower halocline can hardly contribute to the surface ocean. Further, the underlying mechanisms of diapycnal mixing in LHW—double diffusion and shear instability—was investigated. The mixing in LHW where double diffusion were observed is always relatively weaker, with corresponding dissipation rate ranging from 1.01×10–9 W/kg to 1.57×10–9 W/kg. The results also show a strong correlation between the depth-average dissipation rate and strain variance in the LHW, which indicates a close physical linkage between the turbulent mixing and internal wave activities. In addition, both surface wind forcing and semidiurnal tides significantly contribute to the turbulent mixing in the LHW. 相似文献
14.
P. C. Sinha Y. R. Rao S. K. Dube C. R. Murthy A. K. Chatterjee 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1999,48(6):649
This paper has two purposes. The first is to study the circulation and salinity in Hooghly Estuary, along the east coast of India and the second is to compare the performance of two turbulence closure schemes by modelling it. A breadth averaged numerical model using a sigma co-ordinate system in the vertical is briefly described. Vertical diffusion of momentum and salt are parameterized by a simple first-order turbulent closure or by a one equation model for turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) which uses a specified mixing length. The results are compared with the available neap and spring tide observations along the estuary for both low and high discharge periods.The computed elevations and currents are in reasonable agreement with the observations showing no major differences in vertical current profiles by both the turbulent schemes. However, there is a slight under-prediction of bottom currents. The salinity profiles predicted by TKE model show better matching with observations. Statistical tests are also conducted to study the comparative performance of the turbulent closure schemes. The maintenance of two layer structure in residual currents and salt variability are also studied by using the model. 相似文献
15.
B. A. Kagan E. V. Sofina A. A. Timofeev 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2010,46(2):224-231
In order to reproduce the diapycnal mixing induced by internal tidal waves (ITWs) in the Arctic Ocean, we use a modified version
of the three-dimensional finite-element hydrothermodynamic model QUODDY-4. We found that the average (over the tidal cycle)
and integral (by depth) baroclinic tidal energy dissipation rate in individual areas of the Siberian continental shelf and
in the straits between the Canadian Arctic archipelago are much higher than in the open ocean and its values on ridges and
troughs are qualitatively similar to one another. Moreover, in the area of open-ocean ridges, the baroclinic tidal energy
dissipation rate increases as it approaches the bottom, but only in the bottom boundary layer; on the Mid-Atlantic and Hawaii
ridges, such an increase is observed within a few hundreds of meters away from the bottom. The average (in area and depth
of the open ocean) coefficient of diapycnal mixing defined by the baroclinic tidal energy dissipation rate is higher than
the coefficient of molecular kinematic viscosity and only a few times lower than the canonical value of the coefficient of
vertical turbulent viscosity, which is used in models of global oceanic circulation. Coupled with the reasoning on the localization
of baroclinic tidal energy dissipation, this fact leads to the conclusion that disregarding the contribution that ITW-induced
diapycnal mixing makes to the ocean-climate formation is hardly justified. 相似文献
16.
《Ocean Modelling》2011,39(3-4):267-279
Near-surface enhancement of turbulent mixing and vertical mixing coefficient for temperature owing to the effect of surface wave breaking is investigated using a two-dimensional (2-D) ocean circulation model with a tidal boundary condition in an idealized shelf sea. On the basis of the 2-D simulation, the effect of surface wave breaking on surface boundary layer deepening in the Yellow Sea in summer is studied utilizing a 3-D ocean circulation model. A well-mixed temperature surface layer in the Yellow Sea can be successfully reconstructed when the effect of surface wave breaking is considered. The diagnostic analysis of the turbulent kinetic energy equation shows that turbulent mixing is enhanced greatly in the Yellow Sea in summer by surface wave breaking. In addition, the diagnostic analysis of momentum budget and temperature budget also show that surface wave breaking has an evident contribution to the turbulent mixing in the surface boundary layer. We therefore conclude that surface wave breaking is an important factor in determining the depth of the surface boundary layer of temperature in the Yellow Sea in summer. 相似文献