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离线固相萃取螯合富集分离-ICP-MS测定海水中的稀土元素 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过测定条件优化、方法比对等实验建立了一种固相萃取小柱离线螯合富集分离电感耦合等离子体质谱仪测定海水中稀土元素的方法。海水样品通过调节p H后,进入VAC ELUT SPS24 Agilent圆形固相萃取装置,其主要基体物质的去除率高于97%;萃取富集的优化条件是海水样品p H 4.0~7.0,海水进入萃取柱速率2 m L/min,硝酸洗脱液浓度为1 mol/L;方法对稀土元素的加标回收率为83%~108%,14种稀土元素的检出限为0.057~0.613 ng/L,RSD10%;该方法与氢氧化铁共沉淀法富集稀土元素比对测定结果一致,方法具有准确度与精密度高、操作简便快速等优点,可用于海水样品中稀土元素的定量精确测量。 相似文献
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1.我们用浮沉子法测定了胶州湾青岛地区及广州湾湛江地区盐田析盐后苦卤中重水的含量,山东苦卤此重为1.240相当于28.0°Bé,广东苦卤比重为1.260相当于29.7°Bé,并用黄海某区海水作为标准进行此较。所有测定都在用CO_2-NaHCO_3平衡法使氧同位素正常化以后进行的。实验中采用了流 线型梭把式浮沉子,并使浮沉子升降区观察范围设在液柱中部,获得了较大的浮沉子升降速度与温度间直线性关系的范围。温度范围±0.33°C。速度范围±0.26毫米/秒。 2.测定结果表明:山东苦卤(28°Bé)密度较标准海水高出4.208γ相当于0.0037克分子％D_2O,重水含量较标准海水高24.03％。广东苦卤(29.7°Bé)密度较标准海水高出6.250γ,相当于0.0058克分子％D_2O,重水含量较标准海水高37.66％。 3.比较广东与山东二份样品测定结果,可以看出广东苦卤中重水含量有更多富集(虽然二者°Bé不尽相同,但密度差仍旧是显著的)。这与湛江、青岛两地的纬度差异(湛江——北纬21°,青岛——北纬36°)而引起的蒸发差异所应导致的预期结果是一致的。 4.样品水与标准水的密度差证明海水经自然蒸发析出氯化钠以后,重水含量获得了预期的富集效果。高浓度的苦卤可以作为提取浓重水的原料,为海水卤水综合利用提供了有价值的资料。 本文在实验过程中曾 相似文献
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硼作为海水中的重要组分,其准确测定对海洋环境生物地球化学过程研究具有重要意义。海水中硼的常用测定方法具有前处理步骤繁琐、耗时长、样品易被污染、灵敏度低等缺点,不适于大批量海水样品的准确测定。为剔除海水高盐基体效应及干扰,本文运用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-OES),将海水样品进行稀释,采用标准加入法建立工作曲线,对海水中硼含量进行准确测定。正交实验显示,ICP-OES最佳工作条件为射频功率1400 W,雾化气流量0.7 L/min,观测高度14 mm,进样泵速1.5 m L/min。标准加入法标准曲线相关系数大于0.999,相对标准偏差为0.76%~1.27%,加标回收率为94.6%~101.8%,方法检出限为1.073μg/L。实际的海水样品分析表明,该方法可消除海水基体干扰,减少测定误差,并且前处理操作简单快速,化学试剂用量少,回收率高,精密度好,灵敏度高,可用于海水及其它高盐样品中硼含量的准确测定。 相似文献
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本文叙述了用于测定天然海水中多氯联苯的气相色谱分析方法,本法采用国产1300(1)型树脂提取富集天然海水中PCBs,在2000ml空白海水中添加100ng PCB5/l,让其通过树脂柱,树脂柱对多氯联苯的平均富集效率为87.4%样品提取液通过微型硅胶混合层析柱,旨在净化与分离经与同类的分析方法比较,本方法使用有机溶剂及固体吸附剂用量少,既经济、省时,又可降低分析过程的试剂空白值。本方法用普通氮气代替K-D浓缩器浓缩样品提取液,操作简便快速。用2000ml空白海水与2000ml天然海水分别添加25-125ng PCB5/l的标准溶液,让外加标准的海水样品通过分析全过程,其平均回收率在66-73%,变异系数在±10%之内,试验结果表明,本方法适于测定表层海水中ng/l级的多氯联苯。 相似文献
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应用分光光度法测定海水中碳水化合物含量的反应试剂有苯酚、葸酮、苔黑酚、N-乙基咔唑和左旋—色氨酸等，其中常用的是苯酚硫酸法。由于该法的重现性较差，近年来已作了一些改进。在《海水分析方法》一书中，Josefsson指出左旋—色氨酸在硼酸存在下是一个与碳水化合物反应的理想试剂，因它与所有的单糖生成的紫色化合物均有相似的吸收光谱，并提出可用手工操作快速测定其总量。 相似文献
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在海水化学资源开发中,发展最早的是制盐(氯化钠)工业,也是直接从海水中生产的第一个化学产品,一直至今。我国制盐后的苦卤量已居世界之首,如何把苦卤中浓集了许多倍的化学成分有效地提取出来,特别是苦卤中的镁,几十年来未受到应有的重视,至今仍停留在以低档产品氯化镁为主的阶段,而苦卤中镁含量又是最高,镁系产品得不到很好的开发,势必影响到我国苦卤化学资源综合利用的解决。为进一步引起有关部门的重视,本文重点论述了苦卤化学资源镁系产品技术研究与开发中的有关问题,以利于促进我国苦卤化学资源综合利用顺利发展。1 苦卤镁系产品研究… 相似文献
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灰树花糖蛋白中总糖含量的测定 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7
探讨糖蛋白中总糖含量测定的简捷方法,以2种灰树花糖蛋白(GF6A,GF6B)为原料,分别以硫酸-苯酚法和次亚碘酸钠法对其中的总糖含量进行了比较分析。结果显示,应用前者方法测定多糖含量分别为85.45%和38.46%,采用后者方法测定结果分别为87.03%,36.51%,2种方法测定的结果相近,其中以硫酸-苯酚法因不需对样品进行预水解,方法简便、可靠,更适合于糖蛋白中总糖含量测定。 相似文献
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采用硼氢化纳还原法将海水中无机锡还原为挥发性锡化氢,氮为载气将锡化氢从反应器吹出,并于液氮冷阱中捕集,捕集后将锡化氢载入氢焰原子化器进行原子吸收测定。对该还原反应、氢化物转移、捕集及原子化实验条件进行了详细研究。实验结果表明:该法中可氢化元素As、Sb、Se等超过被测物浓度200倍时亦无明显干扰,检出限为0.0060μg/dm~3,对0.050μg/dm~3 Sn浓度的样品变异系数为±8％。标准曲线表明,在0—0.050μg/dm~3 Sn浓度范围内有理想的线性关系。对海水介质测定,该法所作校准曲线与蒸馏水介质具有相同的斜率,采用NaOH共沉淀预富集可提高灵敏度5—10倍,便于海水样品保存,总回收率95％以上。 相似文献
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本文研究并建立了海水中测定砷形态的液相色谱—原子荧光法,进行了实验参数流动相浓度、pH、流速的优化。在优化的实验条件下,采用Hamilton PRP-X100分析柱在6 min内可以完成三价砷、甲基砷和五价砷3种形态的分离、检测。在载流5%HCl,还原剂2%KBH4和0.5%KOH,进样量100μL条件下,三价砷、甲基砷和五价砷检出限分别为0.31μg/L、0.52μg/L和0.36μg/L。在浓度2～80μg/L范围内,3种砷形态均有良好的线性关系,相关系数均优于0.999。用本文所建立的方法进行了海水样品中无机砷和有机砷形态的测试,海水中三价砷、甲基砷的含量较低,五价砷稍高,说明海水中砷形态主要以五价砷存在,当加标量为5～10μg/L时,加标回收率在73%～104%之间。该方法操作前处理简单,灵敏度高、运行费用低廉,适用于海水中砷形态的测试。 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level. 相似文献
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The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
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Sediment properties, such as water content and density, have been used to estimate the dry and wet weights, as well as the volume of sediment recovered and discharged, during benthic impact experiments conducted in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. The estimates show that the weights of dry (355-1332 t) and wet sediment (1651-4888 t) recovered during the experiments, are not only a function of the total duration and distance covered during the experiment, but also depend on water content and density of the sediment. Estimation of dry sediment and its volumetric ratio in the discharge, are key parameters for calculating the discharged volume. The estimated volume of wet sediment recovered (1427-4049 m 3 ) as well as discharged (2693-6951 m 3 ) during the experiments, provide important inputs to evaluate the sediment resettlement and migration. Using these estimates, the average depth of excavation on the seafloor, can also been calculated. However, the stages of sediment recovery and discharge are expressed differently in some of the experiments. In order to standardize these, different stages have been identified, and definitions of certain terms have been suggested, for use in the future. The methods of calculating different properties, as well as weight and volume of discharged sediment are described in the paper for use in other applications concerning deep-sea discharges. 相似文献