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1.
用氢氟酸刻蚀不锈钢丝制作了固相微萃取（solid-phase microextraction, SPME）纤维,与气相色谱（gas chromatography, GC）联用直接测定了海水水样中的痕量多氯联苯（polychlorinated biphenyls, PCBs）,优化了萃取时间、萃取温度、搅拌速率、解吸温度和解吸时间对SPME的萃取效率的影响。本方法的线性范围可达两个数量级,PCB28和PCB52的线性范围是1.0~100.0 ng/L,其他8种PCBs的线性范围是0.5~50.0 ng/L（除PCB198外,r2均在0.99以上）,检出限为0.01~0.10 ng/L。单个纤维间及纤维与纤维间的相对标准偏差分别为2.4%~7.2%和4.9%~8.7%。实际海水样品的加标回收率为80.9%~106.0%。微萃取纤维机械强度高、耐海水腐蚀、寿命长、制作成本低,该方法适用于测定海水水样中的痕量PCBs。 相似文献
2.
《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2021,(10)
建立了固相萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱(SPE-HPLC-MS/MS)同步定性定量检测海水中3类12种抗生素的分析方法。通过改变去簇电压和碰撞能量,对HPLC-MS/MS的灵敏度进行优化;通过改变上样流速和洗脱剂种类,对水样的固相萃取方法进行优化。采用乙腈和0.1%甲酸-10 mmol·L~(-1)甲酸铵水溶液体系作为流动相,经过梯度洗脱进行分离,在HPLC-MS/MS多反应监测模式下进行目标抗生素定性定量分析。结果显示,12种抗生素的方法定量限范围为0.24～5.93 ng/L,加标回收率为62.8%～106.6%。采用该方法对莱州湾海域21个海水样品进行检测,除四环素、强力霉素和金霉素外,其余9种抗生素均有不同程度的检出。结果表明,本方法灵敏度高,可用于海水中多种抗生素的同步分析。 相似文献
3.
通过固相微萃取(SPME)技术富集海水中6种硫丹及其衍生物,使用气相色谱-电子捕获检测器(GC-μECD)测定和外标法定量,建立海水中硫丹及其衍生物的快速测定方法。结果表明:硫丹及其衍生物的线性范围为2.5～100.0μg/L,相关系数为0.990～0.998,检出限为0.10～21.30 ng/L。在3个加标条件(5,10和25μg/L)下,人工海水硫丹的加标回收率为85.60%～119.50%,相对标准偏差(n=6)为1.3%～7.8%。实际海水硫丹的加标回收率为90.60%～120.70%,相对标准偏差为1.6%～7.9%。该方法应用于青岛近岸海域海水的测试,在青岛近岸水体中未检出α-硫丹和β-硫丹,检出硫丹衍生物:硫丹醚(N.D.～1.758μg/L),硫丹内酯(1.040～11.260μg/L)和硫丹硫酸酯(1.009～6.091μg/L)。实际应用表明该方法前处理简便易行、灵敏度高,并可满足海水中硫丹及其衍生物的快速检测分析。 相似文献
4.
通过固相微萃取(SPME)技术富集海水中6种硫丹及其衍生物,使用气相色谱-电子捕获检测器(GC-μECD)测定和外标法定量,建立海水中硫丹及其衍生物的快速测定方法。结果表明:硫丹及其衍生物的线性范围为2.5～100.0μg/L,相关系数为0.990～0.998,检出限为0.10～21.30 ng/L。在3个加标条件(5,10和25μg/L)下,人工海水硫丹的加标回收率为85.60%～119.50%,相对标准偏差(n=6)为1.3%～7.8%。实际海水硫丹的加标回收率为90.60%～120.70%,相对标准偏差为1.6%～7.9%。该方法应用于青岛近岸海域海水的测试,在青岛近岸水体中未检出α-硫丹和β-硫丹,检出硫丹衍生物:硫丹醚(N.D.～1.758μg/L),硫丹内酯(1.040～11.260μg/L)和硫丹硫酸酯(1.009～6.091μg/L)。实际应用表明该方法前处理简便易行、灵敏度高,并可满足海水中硫丹及其衍生物的快速检测分析。 相似文献
5.
NOBIAS PA1螯合树脂富集——ICP-MS定量测定近海水体中的稀土元素 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
稀土元素是海洋中一类极为重要的地球化学过程的示踪剂,但因其浓度多在pmol/kg数量级,分析测试一直是难点,为了使稀土元素在海洋研究中得到更广泛的应用,必须对海洋中低浓度的稀土元素进行准确测量。本研究建立了NOBIAS PA1螯合树脂富集—ICP-MS法,可以对近海的小体积水样中的稀土元素进行高准确度、高精密度分析。研究表明,调节样品溶液pH为4.59~4.69、清洗溶液为6 mL 0.05 mol/L NH_4AC、洗脱溶液为2 mL 1 mol/L HNO_3时,实验测试条件为最优。本方法对稀土元素的回收率在94%~106%,检出限范围为0.001~0.424 pmol/kg,分析精密度优于5%(n=5)。本研究所建立的方法,可用于河水、海水与河口盐度梯度区稀土元素的分析。 相似文献
6.
氟喹诺酮类(FQs)药物是一种广泛使用的人工合成类抗生素,存在于水体、沉积物等各种环境介质中,并在水生生物体内得到富集,对人类健康和全球生态系统的可持续发展有重要的影响。环境中FQs残留的分析检测是了解其环境生物地球化学行为和潜在生态环境风险的基础,本文系统总结了近几年海洋水体、沉积物和生物体样品中FQs的残留特征、样品前处理与检测技术,在此基础上,前瞻分析了海洋环境中FQs残留分析检测技术的发展趋势。分析表明,FQs的分离富集和测定必须充分考虑FQs的物理化学性质和样品成分的复杂性。海水样品准备应注意过滤膜的选择和pH的调节;沉积物和生物体的样品准备应考虑水分、萃取溶剂、基质效应和pH的影响,并使用超声萃取。固相萃取、QuEChERS萃取、磁性固相萃取是分离富集FQs较常用的方法,吸附剂、淋洗溶液和洗脱溶液的选择和优化是提高样品回收率的关键。FQs的检测大多通过液质联用或液相色谱结合荧光检测器进行,其中色谱柱的选择、离子对试剂的添加和进样pH值的调整都是优化的关键因素。研究指出海洋领域FQs在线自动SPE技术的开发以及新型萃取吸附剂的研制应在未来研究中被重点关注。 相似文献
7.
本文研究并建立了海水中测定砷形态的液相色谱—原子荧光法。进行了实验参数流动相浓度、pH、流速的优化。在优化的实验条件下，采用Hamilton PRP-X100分析柱在6 min内可以完成三价砷、甲基砷和五价砷3种形态的分离、检测。在载流5% HCl，还原剂2% KBH4、0.5% KOH，进样量100 μL的条件下，三价砷、甲基砷和五价砷的检出限分别为0.31 μg/L、0.52 μg/L和0.36 μg/L。在浓度2~80 μg/L范围内，3种砷形态均有良好的线性关系，相关系数均优于0.999。用本文所建立的方法进行了海水样品中无机砷和有机砷形态的测试，海水中三价砷、甲基砷的含量较低，五价砷稍高，说明海水中砷形态主要以五价砷存在，当加标量为5~10 μg/L，加标回收率在73%~104%之间。该方法操作前处理简单，灵敏度高、运行费用低廉，适用于海水中砷形态的测试。 相似文献
8.
固相萃取-高效液相色谱-荧光检测法测定海水中的多环芳烃 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
建立了用固相萃取-高效液相色谱-荧光检测法测定海水中多环芳烃的方法,优化了色谱条件和萃取条件。除苊不能用荧光检测器检出外,其余15种多环芳烃的空白加标回收率在64.5%(苯并[g,h,i],茚并[1,2,3-cd]芘)～88.7%(苯并[a]蒽)之间,相对标准偏差(n=5)为4.9%(荧蒽,苯并[b]荧蒽)～11.1%(苯并[g,h,i],茚并[1,2,3-cd]芘),方法的检出限在0.72(蒽)～14.10 ng/L(荧蒽)之间,基本上达到了痕量分析的要求。利用该方法测得青岛湾表层海水中多环芳烃的浓度在0.125(苯并[k]荧蒽)～25.996 ng/L(萘)之间,但苯并[a]芘未检出。 相似文献
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10.
利用化学传感器检测海水中的多氯联苯 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为建立一种简单快捷的多氯联苯检测方法, 本研究应用化学传感器对宁波沿海重点陆源排污口及周边海水中的多氯联苯进行了检测, 采用HS-SPME-GC-MS(顶空固相微萃取-气质联用)对结果进行了验证。利用化学传感器测定海水中的多氯联苯, 在LDA(线性判别分析)中, 总判别率为99.81%。海水体积增大到5mL时, LDA 最低检测限达到了0.01ng/L。建立的模型中, 欧氏距离、相关性、判别函数法和马氏距离对样品浓度鉴别的正确率分别达到了100%、100%、92%、84%。采用Loading分析法简化了传感器阵列, 使BP神经网络总的MSE达到了5.6548e?006, 总的相关系数0.99998, 而最大误差只有1.0300e?002的水平。HS-SPME-GC-MS对海水中多氯联苯浓度的检测限最
低为0.001?g/L, 远高于化学传感器的0.01ng/L, 回收率在100%—120%之间。 相似文献
11.
Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
12.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
13.
The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
16.
The relationship between the flux of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests (i.e. tests which are supplied from open-sea sources alone) in a tidal inlet and that of bulk sediment was analysed, which can be expressed as two first-order linear equations. According to this relationship, in order to determine net sediment transport directions in the entrance, the test concentration in surficial sediments of the tidal basin can be compared against a ‘ critical level ’. The critical level is determined for the conditions that no net transport of bulk sediment is present within the entrance. If the observed concentration (averaged over the tidal basin) is higher than the simulated critical level, then the net sediment transport is directed to landward. This method is applied to the analysis of net sand transport at Christchurch Harbour, a tidal inlet system located in southern England. In this investigation, concentrations of exotic foraminiferal tests in the surficial sediments of the tidal basin and ebb tidal delta area were obtained from the analysis of sea-bed sediment samples. A series of probable critical levels were calculated based upon the data sets with regard to: (1) sediment discharge from the rivers; (2) magnitude of sediment discharge within the entrance during the ebb; (3) the test concentration outside the harbour; (4) the thickness of the moving layer; and (5) two parameters associated with dispersive processes. The results show that the concentration in the tidal basin sediment is higher than a number of simulated critical concentrations for representative cases. Consequently, the high level of the concentration of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests within the harbour should be explained as a result of landward net transport of sands within the entrance. 相似文献
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Rahul Sharma 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):237-250
Observations on seafloor features from subbottom profiling and seabed photography data show that the undisturbed and natural conditions before the benthic disturbance undergo a substantial change after operation of the disturber. The effects can be seen in the form of deep trenches and grooves, formed by the action of the sleds and the pumping of the sediment along its path, as well as sediment piles on either side of the track. Biological traces such as fecal coils, casts, tubes, burrows, and trails get obliterated in the areas of disturbance and resedimentation. The smooth, uniform nature of the seafloor observed in predisturbance phase shows microtopographic changes in and around the disturbed area as a result of sediment excavation and resettlement. Vertical mixing as well as lateral transport of sediment alter the geological, biological, physical, and chemical conditions on the seafloor, which need to be monitored over time to assess the process and the time taken for restoration of environmental conditions. 相似文献
19.
Vance P. Vicente 《Marine Ecology》1989,10(2):179-191
Abstract. Long-term changes in the distributional patterns of commercial sponges ( Spongia spp. and Hippospongia spp.) within the West Indian Region indicates that: 1) commercial sponges had a widespread distribution throughout the whole West Indian Region and were ubiquitous in very shallow water until about the first half of the present century; 2) they were fished commercially not only in the traditional northern Caribbean sites (Florida, Gulf of Mexico, Bahamas) but also in the Greater ( e. g. , Hispaniola, Jamaica) and Lesser Antilles; and 3) they became extinct throughout most of the Lesser Antilles ( e. g. , Puerto Rico, Vieques, St. Thomas) sometime during the first half of this century. Mortalities of spongiids within the Antilles were found to differ from other marine mortalities in that: 1) species disappeared from a large region; 2) species vanished from different habitats and depths; and 3) natural populations never recovered. Species richness patterns suggest that commercial sponge genera ( Spongia and Hippospongia ) evolved under slightly cooler elimatic conditions than those found at present, and that these extinctions occurred as a direct or indirect effect of positive thermal anomalies in sea surface and atmospheric temperatures between 1900–1950. The concept that species diversity is stable on a regional scale is questioned. 相似文献
20.
The behaviour of an axially pre-loaded cylindrical member of an offshore structure, hit by a supply ship, has been investigated. The effects of axial pre-loading on the dynamic properties of members, the extent of damage and propagation of dynamic instability in the tubular members have also been investigated. Numerical models have been validated using available experimental data from the literature although these are mostly static with no pre-loading. Axial pre-loading was found to change the dynamic characteristics of some cylindrical members quite dramatically while it had no significant effect on others. The study examined whether there was any change in the behaviour between local and global modes when the loading was dynamic rather than static. The effect of damping on the dynamic instability of axially pre-loaded tubes under lateral dynamic loads was also studied. It was observed that for some geometries the quasi-static response can be used to define the boundary between bounded and unbounded dynamic responses. The main contribution of this study, compared with previous investigations reported in the literature, is that both pre-loading and dynamic effects have been included. 相似文献