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1.
夏季珠江口水体中多环芳烃的分布、组成及来源   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
利用1999年7月对珠江口海域的调查资料,对该区表层海水中优控多环芳烃的分布、组成及来源进行了分析和讨论,结果表明:(1)夏季珠江口海域表层海水中14种溶解态多环芳烃[苊、芴、菲、蒽、荧蒽、芘、苯并(a)蒽、艹屈、苯并(b)荧蒽、苯并(k)荧蒽、苯并(a)芘、二苯并(a,h)蒽、苯并(g,h,i)艹北、茚并(1,2,3-cd)艹比]的质量浓度为63.8~171.7 ng/L,且沿着冲淡水流向呈降低趋势;(2)颗粒态中15种多环芳烃[萘、苊、芴、菲、蒽、荧蒽、芘、苯并(a)蒽、艹屈、苯并(b)荧蒽、苯并(k)荧蒽、苯并(a)芘、二苯并(a,h)蒽、苯并(g,h,i)艹北、茚并(1,2,3-cd)艹比]的质量浓度为60.7~186.7 ng/L,其分布与水体载沙量及悬浮颗粒物的性质、粒径有关,具有从河口内向外海降低的分布特征;(3)多环芳烃组成和特征参数比值的分析表明,珠江口海域高温裂解来源的多环芳烃在伶仃洋海区输入最多,且主要为人类活动中煤燃烧排放的,而在香港岛周围海区的输入则相对较少,且主要为油燃烧排放的;(4)与法国塞纳河及长江口等河口相比,珠江三角洲海域水体中存在高菲含量排放源。  相似文献   

2.
本文以青岛大扁藻 (Platymonassubcordiformis) ,球等鞭金藻 870 1 (Isochrysis galbana870 1 )为试验材料 ,采用水生毒理联合效应指数法 ,比较了 3种多环芳烃 ,蒽 (anthracene) ,并 [a]芘 (benzo[a] pyrene)及 1 ,2 -苯并蒽 (1 ,2 - benzonthracene)单剂和混剂对青岛大扁藻和球等鞭金藻 870 1的急性毒性和联合毒性。实验结果表明 :对青岛大扁藻 ,胁迫 72 h,蒽与苯并 [a]芘的联合及苯并 [a]芘与 1 ,2 -苯并蒽的联合为协同作用 ,蒽与 1 ,2 -苯并蒽的联合及蒽 ,苯并 [a]芘与 1 ,2 -苯并蒽的联合为拮抗作用。对球等鞭金藻 870 1胁迫 72 h,苯并 [a]芘与 1 ,2 -苯并蒽的联合为协同作用 ,其它联合均为拮抗作用。  相似文献   

3.
渤海湾沉积物中的多环芳烃   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
关于渤海湾海水中多环芳烃(PAHs)之分布已进行了测定,本文报告渤海湾沉积物中多环芳烃的测定与分布。运用索氏萃取和高效液相色谱分离的方法,测定了渤海湾23个站位沉积物样中的PAHs的含量,主要对其中的菲、萤蒽、茈、(艹屈)、苯并〔e〕芘、苝、苯并〔a〕芘等进行了分析。部分站位样品中这些化合物的总含量最高达330mg/kg(干重),一般在50—150mg/kg范围内,显示出明显的规律性。  相似文献   

4.
在北部湾4个毗邻的油气开采平台周边海域布设26个站点,取得表层沉积物,通过分析其中多环芳烃(PAHs)的质量分数,揭示油气开采活动对其周边海域造成的环境影响.结果显示:26个站点总PAHs为19.67~6 877.68ng/g,最高值出现在40站位,最低值在80站位,PAHs的组成以五环芳香物为主;其次是四环;再次是三、六环.菲的相对浓度最高.源解析显示,大部分站位多环芳烃来源于石化产品高温不完全燃烧.风险评价显示:在靠近1、2号油气平台的40、45站位的表层沉积物五环PAHs质量分数超过ERL值,且二苯并(ah)蒽的质量分数超过ERM值,表明40、45站位沉积物具有潜在或严重的生态风险.部分站位沉积物中茚并(1,2,3-cd)芘对生物可能产生一定的毒害作用.研究结果表明,广西北部湾油气开采活动已经对周边环境造成了一定压力,但随着距离增大迅速变小.  相似文献   

5.
研究了台州湾海域海水和表层沉积物中15种多环芳烃(PAHs)的浓度水平,评价了表层沉积物对多环芳烃的富集规律,探讨其可能来源.结果表明,表层沉积物中PAHs的浓度范围为85.4 ～ 167.6 ng/g,平均值为138.62 ng/g,总多环芳烃的最大值是椒江码头.表层沉积物中二环、三环、四环、五环和六环多环芳烃占总多环芳烃的百分含量平均值分别为7.8 %,42.1 %, 33.3 %, 9.6 %和 7.2 %,三环多环芳烃的含量最高;表层沉积物对多环芳烃的富集系数为532.7 ～ 1068.9,平均值为807.5,单组分菲的富集系数最高为122.7,最小的是苯并(a)芘为2.7;台州湾表层沉积物中的多环芳烃主要来源于燃煤污染,部分来源于石油烃类物质的直接污染.  相似文献   

6.
江锦花 《海洋通报》2007,26(4):85-90
研究了台州湾海域海水和表层沉积物中15种多环芳烃(PAHs) 的浓度水平,评价了表层沉积物对多环芳烃的富集规律,探讨其可能来源.结果表明,表层沉积物中 PAHs 的浓度范围为85.4～167.6 ng / g,平均值为138.62 ng/g,总多环芳烃的最大值是椒江码头.表层沉积物中二环、三环、四环、五环和六环多环芳烃占总多环芳烃的百分含量平均值分别为7.8 %,42.1 %,33.3 %,9.6 % 和 7.2 %,三环多环芳烃的含量最高;表层沉积物对多环芳烃的富集系数为 532.7～1 068.9,平均值为 807.5,单组分菲的富集系数最高为 122.7,最小的是苯并(a) 芘为 2.7;台州湾表层沉积物中的多环芳烃主要来源于燃煤污染,部分来源于石油烃类物质的直接污染.  相似文献   

7.
王静  潘鲁青  苗晶晶 《海洋科学》2007,31(12):19-23
研究了苯并(a)芘(B[a]P)、苯并(k)荧蒽(B[k]F)以及两者的混合物对栉孔扇贝(Chlamys farreri)鳃丝和消化盲囊芳烃羟化酶(AHH)活力的影响。结果表明,多环芳烃化合物(PAHs)对栉孔扇贝鳃丝和消化盲囊AHH活力具有显著的诱导作用(P<0.05),并且呈现了明显的时间、剂量效应特征。B[a]P和B[k]F混合物处理组鳃丝和消化盲囊的AHH活力在实验期间呈现先升高后稳定趋势,B[a]P处理组则表现峰值变化,然后呈下降趋势。消化盲囊各处理组AHH活力显著高于鳃丝。作者认为可以采用消化盲囊的AHH活力来反映周围环境PAHs的污染,并应以最大饱和浓度为标准。3种PAHs中B[a]P的毒性最强,PAHs对栉孔扇贝的毒性大小与PAHs的组成有关,不能以不同种类单一PAHs毒性的总和来代表PAHs混合物的毒性。  相似文献   

8.
据2001年7、10月2个航次对厦门西港水产养殖海区沉积物中16种优先监测的多环芳烃含量及3种多环芳烃降解菌的数量进行研究，并与厦门西港及其邦近海战非养殖区的进行了比较．结果表明：其养殖区沉积物中能检测出的多环芳烃以4～6环的为主，并且含量明显高于非养殖区．在养殖海区的沉积物中检测出的苯并(b)焚蒽、吲哚芘和苯并(ghi)苝等没有最低安全值的高分子量多环芳烃将直接威胁养殖水质和生物的安全．3种多环芳烃(菲、焚蒽、苝)降解菌数量的最低值都出现在养殖海区，而这3种多环芳烃含量的最高值也均出现在养殖海区．在非养殖区的3个站位的沉积物中，这3种多环芳烃的含量与其降解菌数量之间存在着一定的相关性．作者针对沿芹海域水产养殖区多环芳烃污染的现状与特点，提出了相应的生物修复研究建议。  相似文献   

9.
青岛浴场表层海水正构烷烃和芳烃组成分布特征研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
对青岛浴场表层海水中正构烷烃和多环芳烃组成、分布及来源进行分析。分别在第一海水浴场(以下简称一浴)、第二海洋浴场(以下简称二浴)、黄岛金沙滩海水浴场和五四广场4个站位采集表层海水,经萃取、浓缩后用气质联用法(GC-MS)进行测定。结果表明,各站位海水中正构烷烃谱图均为双峰型,主峰碳和奇偶优势各不相同,正构烷烃(∑n-alk)含量为1.14-25.47μg/L;多环芳烃(∑PAHs)含量为201.01-314.30 ng/L,以二、三环的萘、苊、二氢苊、芴、菲、荧蒽为优势组分;一浴、二浴和五四广场海水正构烷烃以石油、化石燃料的不完全燃烧等人类活动输入为主,金沙滩海水正构烷烃以硅藻、细菌等浮游生物的输入为主;一浴、二浴和金沙滩海水多环芳烃主要来源于石油污染和化石燃料燃烧的混合源,五四广场海水多环芳烃主要来自石油源;正构烷烃特征比值CPI,OEP,Pr/Ph均指示四种海水受到石油污染。  相似文献   

10.
利用气相色谱/质谱方法对三沙湾表层沉积物中多氯联苯(PCBs)、多环芳烃(PAHs)和有机氯农药(OCPs)进行测定,结果表明,PCBs、PAHs和OCPs的含量均值分别为1.28、61.76和1.18ng/g。与早期研究结果相比,PCBs含量浓度明显降低,表明其污染已得到有效控制;PAHs中高分子量组分普遍存在,通过分析菲/蒽和荧蒽/芘比值,判断其主要来源为燃料的高温燃烧;HCHs和DDTs是主要的有机氯农药污染物,二者的残留特征表明其主要来源为早期历史残留,且表层沉积物受到厌氧微生物降解。总体而言,三沙湾表层沉积物中PCBs、PAHs和OCPs的污染程度及生态风险均处于较低水平。  相似文献   

11.
The ability of benzo[a]pyrene, Aroclor 1254, 2-3-7-8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and beta-naphthoflavone to induce DNA strand breaks (SB) and apoptosis in erythrocytes of the European eel (Anguilla anguilla) was investigated following by in vivo exposure. DNA damage was evaluated by the Comet assay, while the diffusion assay was used to investigate the induction of apoptosis 7 days after a single intraperitoneal administration. 2-3-7-8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin induced the highest genotoxic effect, followed by benzo[a]pyrene, while the other two substances had limited effects. A significant induction of apoptosis was observed at the highest doses after exposure to benzo[a]pyrene, when DNA damage was also elevated. The occurrence of apoptotic cells after exposure to Aroclor, 2-3-7-8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and beta-naphthoflavone was quite variable and did not show clear dose-related responses. The role of oxidative stress in mediating DNA damage was also discussed.  相似文献   

12.
There is a growing body of evidence to suggest that certain polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) pose a greater hazard to aquatic organisms than previously demonstrated, due to their potential to cause photo-induced toxicity when exposed to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. The consequences of photo-induced toxicity are reported here for embryo-larval stages of the pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas, following exposure to pyrene and benzo[a]pyrene. During laboratory investigations, significant increases in toxicity were observed in the presence of environmentally attainable levels of UV-radiation, compared with embryos exposed to PAH alone, at levels previously deemed to have little acute biological effect. The phototoxicity of pyrene and benzo[a]pyrene completely inhibited the development to the D-shell larval stage when embryos were simultaneously exposed to 5 microg l(-1) PAH and ultraviolet light (UVB = 6.3 +/- 0.1 microW/cm2 and UVA = 456.2 +/- 55 microW/cm2). A linear relationship was also demonstrated for benzo[a]pyrene phototoxicity with decreasing UV light intensity.  相似文献   

13.
The secondary migration of petroleum is one of the most critical geological processes responsible for the accumulation of hydrocarbons in a sedimentary basin. Pyrrolic nitrogen compounds such as carbazoles and benzocarbazoles are thought to be practical molecular indicators for estimating relative migration distances of oil. In light oils or condensates, however, considerable analytical errors are usually caused by low concentrations of NSO-compounds. Here we show that polycyclic sulfur aromatic hydrocarbons such as dibenzothiophene, C1∼C3 alkylated dibenzothiophenes and benzo[b]naphthothiophenes, which are present in relatively higher concentrations than the pyrrolic nitrogen compounds, exhibit changes in both absolute and relative concentrations that correlate with migration distances. The polycyclic sulfur aromatic hydrocarbons related parameters — benzo[b]naphtho[2,1-d]thiophene/{benzo[b]naphtho[2,1-d]thiophene + benzo[b]naphtho[1,2-d]thiophene} (abbreviated as [2,1]BNT/([2,1]BNT+[1,2]BNT) and the concentration of total dibenzothiophenes plus benzo[b]naphthothiophenes — are proposed by this paper to trace the oil migration distances.  相似文献   

14.
DNA damage and apoptosis in the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  
The effects of known genotoxic substances (4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide, benzo[a]pyrene, teniposide, etoposide, cycloheximide, tributyltin) on human cells (FLC, HL-60) and on mussels were investigated. The correlations between formation of DNA strand breaks and DNA fragmentation characteristic for the process of apoptosis were estimated. Strand breaks induced by 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide and benzo[a]pyrene did not correlate with DNA fragmentation detected in the process of apoptosis. Induction of internucleosomal DNA fragmentation in HL-60 cells was initiated by teniposide, etoposide and tributyltin, while in the gills of mussels this was detected only with tributyltin. Levels of DNA strand breaks in natural mussel populations, living at locations under the influence of urban and industrial wastes, do not mirror the apoptotic processes.  相似文献   

15.
The possibility of using the pyrene metabolite 1-hydroxypyrene as a biomarker of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) exposure was investigated by exposure of the marine polychaete Nereis diversicolor to several PAHs in the laboratory. Animals were exposed to pyrene alone and to five different PAHs – phenanthrene, anthracene, pyrene, benzo[a]pyrene and benzo[k]flouranthene. After five days of exposure the concentrations of parent PAHs and 1-hydroxypyrene were identified using three different analytical methods, high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC/F), synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy (SFS) and gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection (GC/MS). The SFS measurements of 1-hydroxypyrene were validated by the more sensitive method HPLC/F. The positive correlation between total PAHs and 1-hydroxypyrene concentrations in the polychaete tissues observed in experiments, suggests the feasibility of 1-hydroxypyrene as a suitable biomarker for total PAH exposure assessment. Furthermore, the possibility of employment of the simple and rapid SFS method instead of HPLC/F for biomarker analysis has been confirmed by the positive and significant correlation between results achieved by these two analytical methods.  相似文献   

16.
Atlantic tomcod (Microgadus tomcod) from the Hudson River (HR) are resistant at the molecular and organismic levels to the effects of exposure to dioxin-like aromatic hydrocarbon (AH) compounds, but much less so to benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P). The aims of this study were to determine in early life-stages of tomcod exposed to B[a]P: (1) if DNA binding levels differed between fish from the HR and Miramichi River (MR), and (2) if co-exposure to chromium could modulate this genotoxic effect. After exposure to [(3)H]B[a]P alone, DNA-bound radioactivity was 5-10-fold higher in embryos and larvae of MR than HR descent. Co-exposure to chromium modulated DNA binding levels in offspring of both populations. In MR embryos, co-exposure to chromium inhibited B[a]P uptake. These results demonstrated resistance to the genotoxic effects of B[a]P in early life stages of HR tomcod at an ecologically important endpoint and suggest the ability of chromium to modulate AH-induced genotoxicity.  相似文献   

17.
Atlantic tomcod (Microgadus tomcod) from the Hudson River (HR) are resistant at the molecular and organismic levels to the effects of exposure to dioxin-like aromatic hydrocarbon (AH) compounds, but much less so to benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P). The aims of this study were to determine in early life-stages of tomcod exposed to B[a]P: (1) if DNA binding levels differed between fish from the HR and Miramichi River (MR), and (2) if co-exposure to chromium could modulate this genotoxic effect. After exposure to [3H]B[a]P alone, DNA-bound radioactivity was 5–10-fold higher in embryos and larvae of MR than HR descent. Co-exposure to chromium modulated DNA binding levels in offspring of both populations. In MR embryos, co-exposure to chromium inhibited B[a]P uptake. These results demonstrated resistance to the genotoxic effects of B[a]P in early life stages of HR tomcod at an ecologically important endpoint and suggest the ability of chromium to modulate AH-induced genotoxicity.  相似文献   

18.
Levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) including benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) were at least seven-fold higher in mussels sampled from a polluted site (Loch Leven, in Scotland, UK) compared to a nearby clean reference site (Loch Etive) throughout the year 2000. Levels of DNA strand breaks (alkaline COMET assay) using both gill and digestive gland nuclei were similar at both sites despite the difference in contaminant load (total PAH). In contrast, mussels collected from a reference site (Port Quin, Cornwall, UK) had an increase in DNA strand breaks in digestive gland cells following laboratory exposure to B[a]P-dosed Isochrysis galbana. However, after 14 days high dose (20 ppb-exposed diet) animals had returned to levels similar to the controls. There was no evidence of increased necrosis or apoptosis after treatments. The results from these two studies suggest that an adaptive response may prevent ongoing DNA damage in mussels exposed to high levels of B[a]P and PAH contamination.  相似文献   

19.
Knowledge gained through the use of alternative animal models has significantly enhanced our understanding of life at all levels of biological organization. The discipline of toxicology is under considerable pressure to develop such models due to increasing public concern regarding the experimental use of mammals. Studies in this laboratory have focused on the utility of a small laboratory fish model, the Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes), to investigate immunotoxicological effects of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP). BaP is a ubiquitous environmental contaminant and known mammalian immunotoxicant. This laboratory has demonstrated that in vivo exposure of medaka to BaP (2-200 microg/g BW) significantly depresses both innate and humoral immunity. Further studies have indicated that BaP activates its own biotransformation pathway within medaka immune cells following both in vivo and in vitro exposure. In addition, reduction of BaP metabolism with alpha-naphthoflavone results in the reversal of BaP-induced suppression of antibody production in vitro. Inhibition of CYPlA-mediated metabolism within medaka immune cells also alleviates the immunotoxicity induced by benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol, but not benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide (BPDE). This suggests that BPDE may be an ultimate immunotoxicant. Results from this study in medaka are in agreement with previously conducted rodent studies that indicated a role for immunotoxic BaP metabolites in BaP-induced suppression of humoral immunity.  相似文献   

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