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1.
建立了用固相萃取-高效液相色谱-荧光检测法测定海水中多环芳烃的方法,优化了色谱条件和萃取条件。除苊不能用荧光检测器检出外,其余15种多环芳烃的空白加标回收率在64.5%(苯并[g,h,i],茚并[1,2,3-cd]芘)～88.7%(苯并[a]蒽)之间,相对标准偏差(n=5)为4.9%(荧蒽,苯并[b]荧蒽)～11.1%(苯并[g,h,i],茚并[1,2,3-cd]芘),方法的检出限在0.72(蒽)～14.10 ng/L(荧蒽)之间,基本上达到了痕量分析的要求。利用该方法测得青岛湾表层海水中多环芳烃的浓度在0.125(苯并[k]荧蒽)～25.996 ng/L(萘)之间,但苯并[a]芘未检出。  相似文献   

2.
本文以青岛大扁藻 (Platymonassubcordiformis) ,球等鞭金藻 870 1 (Isochrysis galbana870 1 )为试验材料 ,采用水生毒理联合效应指数法 ,比较了 3种多环芳烃 ,蒽 (anthracene) ,并 [a]芘 (benzo[a] pyrene)及 1 ,2 -苯并蒽 (1 ,2 - benzonthracene)单剂和混剂对青岛大扁藻和球等鞭金藻 870 1的急性毒性和联合毒性。实验结果表明 :对青岛大扁藻 ,胁迫 72 h,蒽与苯并 [a]芘的联合及苯并 [a]芘与 1 ,2 -苯并蒽的联合为协同作用 ,蒽与 1 ,2 -苯并蒽的联合及蒽 ,苯并 [a]芘与 1 ,2 -苯并蒽的联合为拮抗作用。对球等鞭金藻 870 1胁迫 72 h,苯并 [a]芘与 1 ,2 -苯并蒽的联合为协同作用 ,其它联合均为拮抗作用。  相似文献   

3.
据2001年7、10月2个航次对厦门西港水产养殖海区沉积物中16种优先监测的多环芳烃含量及3种多环芳烃降解菌的数量进行研究，并与厦门西港及其邦近海战非养殖区的进行了比较．结果表明：其养殖区沉积物中能检测出的多环芳烃以4～6环的为主，并且含量明显高于非养殖区．在养殖海区的沉积物中检测出的苯并(b)焚蒽、吲哚芘和苯并(ghi)苝等没有最低安全值的高分子量多环芳烃将直接威胁养殖水质和生物的安全．3种多环芳烃(菲、焚蒽、苝)降解菌数量的最低值都出现在养殖海区，而这3种多环芳烃含量的最高值也均出现在养殖海区．在非养殖区的3个站位的沉积物中，这3种多环芳烃的含量与其降解菌数量之间存在着一定的相关性．作者针对沿芹海域水产养殖区多环芳烃污染的现状与特点，提出了相应的生物修复研究建议。  相似文献   

4.
在北部湾4个毗邻的油气开采平台周边海域布设26个站点,取得表层沉积物,通过分析其中多环芳烃(PAHs)的质量分数,揭示油气开采活动对其周边海域造成的环境影响.结果显示:26个站点总PAHs为19.67~6 877.68ng/g,最高值出现在40站位,最低值在80站位,PAHs的组成以五环芳香物为主;其次是四环;再次是三、六环.菲的相对浓度最高.源解析显示,大部分站位多环芳烃来源于石化产品高温不完全燃烧.风险评价显示:在靠近1、2号油气平台的40、45站位的表层沉积物五环PAHs质量分数超过ERL值,且二苯并(ah)蒽的质量分数超过ERM值,表明40、45站位沉积物具有潜在或严重的生态风险.部分站位沉积物中茚并(1,2,3-cd)芘对生物可能产生一定的毒害作用.研究结果表明,广西北部湾油气开采活动已经对周边环境造成了一定压力,但随着距离增大迅速变小.  相似文献   

5.
渤海湾沉积物中的多环芳烃   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
关于渤海湾海水中多环芳烃(PAHs)之分布已进行了测定,本文报告渤海湾沉积物中多环芳烃的测定与分布。运用索氏萃取和高效液相色谱分离的方法,测定了渤海湾23个站位沉积物样中的PAHs的含量,主要对其中的菲、萤蒽、茈、(艹屈)、苯并〔e〕芘、苝、苯并〔a〕芘等进行了分析。部分站位样品中这些化合物的总含量最高达330mg/kg(干重),一般在50—150mg/kg范围内,显示出明显的规律性。  相似文献   

6.
通过调查环渤海湾多个海域表层海水、沉积物及海洋生物体中石油烃总量及苯并(a)芘的含量,研究了石油污染对海区环境和生物的影响。并通过分子荧光法和液相色谱法分别研究不同海洋环境中、同一海区不同生物品种中、不同海区相同生物品种中以及同一海区的环境和生物体中石油烃及苯并(a)芘含量的关系,分析不同海区石油烃污染状况,对比不同生物品种对石油烃的富集能力。结果表明,所监测海域生物体中石油烃和苯并(a)芘含量趋势均为:棘皮类贝类甲壳类鱼类;调查海域海水中石油烃含量范围为(0.013~0.285mg/L),属轻度石油烃污染,;海洋生物中石油烃和苯并(a)芘含量范围分别为(0~57.2mg/kg)和(0~2.29μg/kg),样品中苯并(a)芘含量均低于限量值,石油烃超标率为6.7%,基本达到水产品食用安全标准。  相似文献   

7.
海洋微生物对多环芳烃的降解   总被引：15，自引：1，他引：15  
从海域沉积物中富集分离出以芘作为唯一碳源和能源的海洋微生物，以ST4富集培养的混合微生物作为研究对象；该海洋混合菌株能利用菲（Phe）、芘（Pyr)、荧蒽（Fla)等多种多环芳烃；在不同浓度的芘的降解中，当芘的浓度为50mg/dm^3时，其生长水平和降解速率最高；当芘的浓度为200mg/dm^3时，其生长受到抑制，芘几乎不能被降解。外加营养盐酵母浸出液和葡萄糖促进降解微生物的生长，提高降解速率。研究表明了海洋微生物在多环芳烃污染环境的生物修复应用前景。  相似文献   

8.
厦门西海域表层水中PAHs污染与PAHs降解菌分布的关系   总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12  
在厦门西海域设置6个站位，于2001年7月和10月两个航次对各站位表层水中多环芳烃(polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons，PAHs)的含量及几种常见PAHs的降解菌的数量进行调查，结果表明：表层水中PAHs的含量很不稳定，存在明显的时间变化。在7月的调查中，表层水中能检测到的PAHs以2—3环的为主，而在10月以46环的为主。低分子量的PAHs——芴和菲的含量与其降解菌的数量之间具有明显的正相关，而高分子量的PAHs—荧蒽和芘的含量与其降解菌的数量之间没有表现出相关性。  相似文献   

9.
中国北部辽东湾表层沉积物中PAHs源解析和生态风险评价   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
研究于2014年和2015年对辽东湾表层沉积物中16种多环芳烃（PAHs）的来源和生态风险状况进行了调查和评估。辽东湾表层沉积物中16种PAHs的含量范围为88.5-347 ng/g，高值区主要分布在辽东湾中部海域。对辽东湾各站位沉积物中多环芳烃的含量进行中聚类分析结果表明，辽东湾的采样站位可分为两类，一类站位主要分布在辽东湾沉积物中部海域，另一类站位主要分布在受陆源污染较为严重的近岸海域。辽东湾表层沉积物中PAHs的来源为燃烧源和石油源的混合来源，其中燃烧源为主要来源。萘、苊、苊烯、菲、二苯并[a,h]蒽可能偶尔会引发有害生物效应；辽东湾表层沉积物为低致癌风险；辽东湾中部海域表层沉积物中PAHs的生态风险和毒性污染水平高于辽东湾近岸海域。  相似文献   

10.
采用实验生态学的方法,研究了3种多环芳烃-菲、芘和蒽对3种赤潮微藻-赤潮异弯藻、亚历山大藻和中肋骨条藻光合速率的影响。结果表明:较低浓度的菲、芘和蒽处理使3种赤潮微藻的光合速率有所提高,而较高浓度处理则降低了藻细胞的光合速率。3种多环芳烃-菲、芘和蒽胁迫对赤潮异弯藻光合速率的96h·EC50分别为0.089、0.110和0.124mg·L-1,对中肋骨条藻的96h半抑制剂量分别为0.103、0.127和0.138mg·L-1,对亚历山大藻的96h半抑制剂量分别为0.116、0.131和0.141mg·L-1,说明3种多环芳烃对赤潮微藻均表现出一定的毒性效应,其中菲的毒性作用最强。UV-B辐射(0.3J·m-2的辐射剂量)和多环芳烃的联合作用一方面增强了菲、芘和蒽对3种赤潮微藻光合效率的抑制作用,导致光合速率明显降低,另一方面在一定程度上改变了3种多环芳烃毒性作用的强弱,使芘的毒性作用变得最强。  相似文献   

11.
本文在现场情况下，研究了自然条件下受污染海岸带沉积物中的7种多环芳烃（Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons，简称PAHs）的解吸动力学行为。结果表明，7种PAHs）的解吸动力学行为。结果表明，7种PAHs的解吸动力学行为可以用二元模型模拟。文中并将所得数据与文献报道的数据进行了比较。  相似文献   

12.
Diatom Skeletonema costatum Cleve is one of the main predominant phytoplankton species in the Changjiang Estuary in China. In order to provide some basic information for future assessment of the potential risk on phytoplankton communities in this estuary caused by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs), this alga was selected as a representative to investigate the photoinduced toxicity of PAHs, in single and mixture. Four PAHs including three-ring phenanthrene and anthracene, four-ring fluoranthene and pyrene were tested in the laboratory. The single toxicity of each PAH on this microalga was compared with and without the simulated solar UV radiation. The results showed that this microalga was sensitive to PAH's photoinduced toxicity. Ratios of the 72 h median effect concentration obtained for fluorescent and UV light tests were about 8.4 for phenanthrene, 13.0 for anthracene, 6.5 for fluoranthene, and 5.7 for pyrene, indicating that UV light enhanced the PAH toxicity to this alga significantly. Under the fluorescent radiation (lacking UV), the dose-response curves based on chemical concentrations revealed that the order of toxic strength was fluoranthene greater than pyrene greater than anthracene greater than phenanthrene; while under the UV radiation (476 μW/cm2 for UVA, 6.5 μW/cm2 for UVB) it became fluoranthene approximately equaling anthracene greater than pyrene greater than phenanthrene, indicating that the UV light also changed its relative toxicity to this alga. The photoinduced toxicity of PAHs to the marine diatom S. costatum might be a synergistic effect of photosensitization reactions (e.g., generation of single-state oxygen) and photomodification (photooxidation and/or photolysis).The combined effects of six binary mixtures on the marine diatom S. costatum were investigated using the additive-index method. Four binary-mixtures (phenanthrene plus anthracene; phenanthrene plus pyrene; anthracene plus fluoranthene; anthracene plus pyrene) were found to be synergistic joint action mode, while two binary-mixtures (phenanthrene plus fluoranthene; fluoranthene plus pyrene) displayed antagonist, revealing a complex pattern of possible interactions. The combined action mode of PAHs might be related to various factors such as the mixture compounds, mixture ratios and test conditions, etc.  相似文献   

13.
In order to understand the diversity and distribution of the bacterial community in the coastal sediment of the Bohai Bay,China,high-throughput barcoded pyrosequencing of the 16 S r RNA gene was used.Metagenomic DNA was extracted from the sediment samples,and was sequenced using a 454 GS FLX Titanium system.At 97%similarity,the sequences were assigned to 22 884 operational taxonomic units(OTUs) which belonged to 41 phyla,84 classes,268 genera and 789 species.At the different taxonomic levels,both the dominants and their distribution varied significantly among the six coastal sediments.Proteobacteria was the first dominant phylum across all the six coastal sediments,representing 57.52%,60.66%,45.10%,60.92%,56.63% and 56.59%,respectively.Bacteroidetes was the second dominant phylum at Stas S1,S2 and S4,while Chloroflexi was the second dominant phylum at Stas S3,S5 and S6.At class level,γ-Proteobacteria was the first dominant class at Stas S1,S2,S4 and S6,while δ-Proteobacteria became the first dominant class at Stas S3 and S5.In addition,a large proportion of unclassified representatives have distributed at the different taxonomic levels.Canonical correspondence analysis(CCA) results indicated that the sediment texture,water depth(D),dissolved oxygen(DO),total nitrogen(TN) and nine EPA priority control polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) including naphthalene,acenaphthylene,acenaphthene,fluorine,phenanthrene,fluoranthene,pyrene,benzo[a]anthracene and indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene were the important factors in regulating the bacterial community composition.Those results are very important to further understand the roles of bacterial community in the coastal biogeochemical cycles.  相似文献   

14.
The relative potency of polycyclic aromatic compounds as aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonists in fish was determined using data on CYP1A induction or AhR binding for 74 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heterocycles in teleost, avian, or mammalian systems from 18 published papers. Each PAH was assigned a fish potency factor relative to the potency of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin as an AhR agonist. Two and three ring unsubstituted PAHs were generally inactive in fish, avian, and mammalian systems. Benzo[k]fluoranthene and indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene were consistently the most potent PAHs, with fish potency factors of 0.001-0.002. Common structural features associated with higher potency PAHs included 4-6 rings containing fluoranthene or phenanthrene structures with an exposed bay region. These results show that PAHs can have similar potency as many dioxin-like PCBs, and AhR mediated toxicity should be considered in assessing the risks of PAHs in fish.  相似文献   

15.
Benthic amphipod,Grandidierella japonica widely inhabits the Korean coastal waters and is developed as a standard test species for sediment toxicity tests. We exposedG . japonica to various pollutants including 4 kinds of inorganic metals (Ag, Cd, Cu and Hg), tributyltin [TBT], ammonia and 7 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) compounds (acenaphthene, chrysene, fluoranthene, fluorene, naphthalene, phenanthrene and pyrene) to estimate the no observed effect concentration (NOEC) and the median lethal concentration (LC50) of each pollutant during the 96-hour acute exposure. Among all tested pollutants, TBT was most toxic toG. japonica, and Hg was most toxic among inorganic metals. The toxicity of pyrene toG. japonica was greatest among PAH compounds, followed by fluoranthene, phenanathrene, acenaphthene, fluorene and naphthalene. The toxicity of PAH compounds was closely related to their physico-chemical characteristics such as Kow and water solubility.G. japonica responded adequately to pollutant concentrations and exposure durations, and the sensitivity ofG. japonica to various inorganic and organic pollutants was generally comparable to other amphipods used as standard test species in ecotoxicological studies, indicating this species can be applied in the assessment of environments polluted by various harmful substances.  相似文献   

16.
渤海湾水中多环芳烃含量的分布   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
近年来,关于近海和大洋水中的多环芳烃(PAH)的测定研究国际上已有不少报道,我国沿岸海域多环芳烃污染的监测工作尚未见报道。今将我们于1980年8月对渤海湾海水中PAH含量分布的测定介绍如下。 1.采样与分析方法 以铝桶在渤海湾22个站位(见图1)采集表层水样,貯存于5升玻璃瓶中,密封避光,寄  相似文献   

17.
Stress proteins (heat shock proteins, hsps) form part of the cellular protein repair system, and are induced by a wide variety of Stressors. To determine their suitability as tools for assessing sublethal sediment toxicity, we measured levels of members of the stress protein families hsp60 and hsp70 in benthic estuarine amphipods (Ampelisca abdita) exposed to sediments from 23 different sampling sites in San Francisco Bay for 10 d. Concentrations of sediment-associated xenobiotics were determined. Per cent survival was recorded and surviving animals were analysed for stress proteins using western blotting techniques. An inverse correlation (r2 = 0.44) was seen between amphipod survival and hsp64 levels, and hsp64 levels were positively correlated with concentrations of total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (r2 = 0.5). Principal component analysis revealed that amphipod mortality was linked to a combination of several PAHs (phenanthrene, fluoranthene, pyrene, benzo(a)pyrene) and di-n-butylphthalate at southern San Francisco Bay sites. At northern San Francisco Bay sites, negative correlations were found between hsp64 levels and organotin compounds (MBT, DBT, TBT), and between hsp71 levels and the PAHs, benzo (b,k)fluoranthene and benzo(G,H,I)perylene, suggesting an inhibitory effect of these compounds on stress protein expression.  相似文献   

18.
Macoma inquinata, a detritus feeding clam, was exposed for 60 days to coarse-grained, and Abarenicola pacifica, a burrowing polychaete, to fine-grained, sediment. Each sediment contained 14-C-labelled phenanthrene, chrysene or benzo(a)pyrene. Over 70% of the chrysene and benzo(a)pyrene, but only 8% of the phenanthrene, remained in the coarse sediment during the exposure. Essentially all of the chrysene and benzo(a)pyrene and 70% of the phenanthrene remained in the fine sediment. The concentrations of chrysene and benzo(a)pyrene in the clams rose steadily, reaching levels 11·6 and 5·2 times as high as those in the sediment. The tissue phenanthrene concentration rose for 3 days, then fell to one-eighth of the initial concentration. The concentrations of each of the aromatic hydrocarbons in Abarenicola tissue increased for 2 weeks to four to six times the sediment levels. The tissue concentration of chrysene remained constant thereafter, but the levels of phenanthrene and benzo(a)pyrene fell to three-quarters of their peak values. No intermediate degradation products of any of the hydrocarbons were identified in extracts of sediment from either exposure system, or in solvent extracts of tissue or of tissue digestates.Significant 14C-activity, associated with non-solvent extractable compounds, remained in tissue digestates of individuals of both species exposed to phenanthrene.  相似文献   

19.
The possibility of using the pyrene metabolite 1-hydroxypyrene as a biomarker of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) exposure was investigated by exposure of the marine polychaete Nereis diversicolor to several PAHs in the laboratory. Animals were exposed to pyrene alone and to five different PAHs – phenanthrene, anthracene, pyrene, benzo[a]pyrene and benzo[k]flouranthene. After five days of exposure the concentrations of parent PAHs and 1-hydroxypyrene were identified using three different analytical methods, high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC/F), synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy (SFS) and gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection (GC/MS). The SFS measurements of 1-hydroxypyrene were validated by the more sensitive method HPLC/F. The positive correlation between total PAHs and 1-hydroxypyrene concentrations in the polychaete tissues observed in experiments, suggests the feasibility of 1-hydroxypyrene as a suitable biomarker for total PAH exposure assessment. Furthermore, the possibility of employment of the simple and rapid SFS method instead of HPLC/F for biomarker analysis has been confirmed by the positive and significant correlation between results achieved by these two analytical methods.  相似文献   

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