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1.
夏季珠江口水体中多环芳烃的分布、组成及来源 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用1999年7月对珠江口海域的调查资料,对该区表层海水中优控多环芳烃的分布、组成及来源进行了分析和讨论,结果表明:(1)夏季珠江口海域表层海水中14种溶解态多环芳烃[苊、芴、菲、蒽、荧蒽、芘、苯并(a)蒽、艹屈、苯并(b)荧蒽、苯并(k)荧蒽、苯并(a)芘、二苯并(a,h)蒽、苯并(g,h,i)艹北、茚并(1,2,3-cd)艹比]的质量浓度为63.8~171.7 ng/L,且沿着冲淡水流向呈降低趋势;(2)颗粒态中15种多环芳烃[萘、苊、芴、菲、蒽、荧蒽、芘、苯并(a)蒽、艹屈、苯并(b)荧蒽、苯并(k)荧蒽、苯并(a)芘、二苯并(a,h)蒽、苯并(g,h,i)艹北、茚并(1,2,3-cd)艹比]的质量浓度为60.7~186.7 ng/L,其分布与水体载沙量及悬浮颗粒物的性质、粒径有关,具有从河口内向外海降低的分布特征;(3)多环芳烃组成和特征参数比值的分析表明,珠江口海域高温裂解来源的多环芳烃在伶仃洋海区输入最多,且主要为人类活动中煤燃烧排放的,而在香港岛周围海区的输入则相对较少,且主要为油燃烧排放的;(4)与法国塞纳河及长江口等河口相比,珠江三角洲海域水体中存在高菲含量排放源。 相似文献
2.
Seven stations were established in the Quanzhou Bay (24.73°-24.96°N, 118.50°-118.70°E) in China on three cruises to determine the concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and the numbers of PAH-degrading bacteria in surface sediments. Assessing the biodegradation poten- tial of indigenous microorganisms by measuring the respiratory intensity with the addition of PAHs in sediment samples was also one of the aims of this study. The results show that the total PAH concentrations of the sedimen... 相似文献
3.
Relative potency of PAHs and heterocycles as aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonists in fish 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
The relative potency of polycyclic aromatic compounds as aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonists in fish was determined using data on CYP1A induction or AhR binding for 74 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heterocycles in teleost, avian, or mammalian systems from 18 published papers. Each PAH was assigned a fish potency factor relative to the potency of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin as an AhR agonist. Two and three ring unsubstituted PAHs were generally inactive in fish, avian, and mammalian systems. Benzo[k]fluoranthene and indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene were consistently the most potent PAHs, with fish potency factors of 0.001-0.002. Common structural features associated with higher potency PAHs included 4-6 rings containing fluoranthene or phenanthrene structures with an exposed bay region. These results show that PAHs can have similar potency as many dioxin-like PCBs, and AhR mediated toxicity should be considered in assessing the risks of PAHs in fish. 相似文献
4.
渤海湾水中多环芳烃含量的分布 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
近年来,关于近海和大洋水中的多环芳烃(PAH)的测定研究国际上已有不少报道,我国沿岸海域多环芳烃污染的监测工作尚未见报道。今将我们于1980年8月对渤海湾海水中PAH含量分布的测定介绍如下。 1.采样与分析方法 以铝桶在渤海湾22个站位(见图1)采集表层水样,貯存于5升玻璃瓶中,密封避光,寄 相似文献
5.
There is a growing body of evidence to suggest that certain polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) pose a greater hazard to aquatic organisms than previously demonstrated, due to their potential to cause photo-induced toxicity when exposed to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. The consequences of photo-induced toxicity are reported here for embryo-larval stages of the pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas, following exposure to pyrene and benzo[a]pyrene. During laboratory investigations, significant increases in toxicity were observed in the presence of environmentally attainable levels of UV-radiation, compared with embryos exposed to PAH alone, at levels previously deemed to have little acute biological effect. The phototoxicity of pyrene and benzo[a]pyrene completely inhibited the development to the D-shell larval stage when embryos were simultaneously exposed to 5 microg l(-1) PAH and ultraviolet light (UVB = 6.3 +/- 0.1 microW/cm2 and UVA = 456.2 +/- 55 microW/cm2). A linear relationship was also demonstrated for benzo[a]pyrene phototoxicity with decreasing UV light intensity. 相似文献
6.
The scope of this work was to evaluate the levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their possible sources in two shallow sediment cores from an estuarine area located in the south region of Brazil, the Guaratuba Bay. The estuary is encompassed by an Environmental Protection Area (EPA) of 1306 km2, which is still considered to be pristine, despite recent urban growth. To assess levels of 14 selected PAHs in the sediments, among those listed as “priority pollutants” by the US Environmental Protection Agency, the cores were divided in several sections, followed by extraction, clean-up, fractionation and subsequent analysis using HPLC coupled to a fluorescence detector. Among the PAHs detected, phenanthrene and fluoranthene showed the highest concentrations. PAHs with more than four rings were usually present in low concentrations or were undetectable. To assist in the identification of possible sources, the ratios An/(An + Phe) and Flt/(Flt + Py) (anthracene to anthracene plus phenanthrene and fluoranthene to fluoranthene plus pyrene) and a PCA model were also used. Total concentrations of PAHs ranged between 1.5 and 3130 ng/g (mean 495) dry weight for the core collected in the inner part of the estuary, and between 78.5 and 3270 ng/g (mean 899) dry weight for the other core, collected in the outer part. Compared to values found in other studies in coastal zones along South American eastern margin, this area can be considered to range from low polluted to moderately polluted. From the data, it was also possible to conclude that there is predominance of petroleum sources, and essentially close to the more urbanised areas. Combustion sources have only minor contribution and are episodic, when compared to the latter. 相似文献
7.
Polycyclic aromatic pollutants produced by a range of industrial processes and the combustion of fossil fuels. They eventually enter the marine environment, and are bioaccumulated in the tissues of sessile, filter-feeding bivalves, causing a variety of sublethal effects. Few studies, however, have examined immune inhibition in molluscs by these xenobiotics. Here, the immunotoxic effects of PAHs were investigated in marine mussels (Mytilus edulis) by means of in vivo exposure experiments. Animals were exposed to a PAH cocktail of anthracene, fluoranthene and phenanthrene for 2 or 4 weeks. The haemolymph was then extracted, and phagocytosis and lysosomal neutral red retention assays performed to examine the effects of PAHs on particle uptake by haemocytes and lysosome integrity, respectively. PAHs were found to inhibit phagocytosis and damage lysosomes. It is hypothesized that PAHs exert their toxicity directly on the lysosomes. A possible consequence of such lysosomal damage will be immune impairment in mussels leading to reduced resistance to infectious diseases. 相似文献
8.
Zhanna M. Tairova Anders M.B. Giessing Rikke Hansen Ole Andersen 《Marine environmental research》2009,67(1):38-46
The possibility of using the pyrene metabolite 1-hydroxypyrene as a biomarker of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) exposure was investigated by exposure of the marine polychaete Nereis diversicolor to several PAHs in the laboratory. Animals were exposed to pyrene alone and to five different PAHs – phenanthrene, anthracene, pyrene, benzo[a]pyrene and benzo[k]flouranthene. After five days of exposure the concentrations of parent PAHs and 1-hydroxypyrene were identified using three different analytical methods, high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC/F), synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy (SFS) and gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection (GC/MS). The SFS measurements of 1-hydroxypyrene were validated by the more sensitive method HPLC/F. The positive correlation between total PAHs and 1-hydroxypyrene concentrations in the polychaete tissues observed in experiments, suggests the feasibility of 1-hydroxypyrene as a suitable biomarker for total PAH exposure assessment. Furthermore, the possibility of employment of the simple and rapid SFS method instead of HPLC/F for biomarker analysis has been confirmed by the positive and significant correlation between results achieved by these two analytical methods. 相似文献
9.
This study examined the concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in surface sediments collected in July 2004 from eight stations in the Zhelin Bay, one of the most important bays for large-scale mariculture in Guangdong Province. Thirteen individual parent PAH compounds were identified using high performance liquid chromatography with UV detection. The overall average concentration of total PAHs was 477.0 ng/g, ranging from 146.1 to 928.8 ng/g. Low molecular mass PAHs with two to three rings (e.g., acenaphthene) were dominant in each sample. The PAH concentration varied among sampling stations, with the highest concentration observed at bay outlets and the lowest found at stations outside the bay. Ratios of low to high molecular mass PAHs and fluoranthene to pyrene were used to determine the origin of PAHs, and results indicated mainly petroleum-derived contamination. Compared with other bays and harbors around the world, the total concentrations of PAHs in surface sediments at the Zhelin Bay are moderate, but this does not exclude the possibility of potential impact on human consumers because some strong carcinogenic PAHs with high molecular mass were found at the station with a nearby caged-fish and oyster farm. Long-term monitoring of PAH contamination in the Zhelin Bay is recommended to reduce the potential toxicological effects on aquatic organisms and humans. 相似文献
10.
Benthic amphipod,Grandidierella japonica widely inhabits the Korean coastal waters and is developed as a standard test species for sediment toxicity tests. We exposedG . japonica to various pollutants including 4 kinds of inorganic metals (Ag, Cd, Cu and Hg), tributyltin [TBT], ammonia and 7 polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) compounds (acenaphthene, chrysene, fluoranthene, fluorene, naphthalene, phenanthrene and pyrene)
to estimate the no observed effect concentration (NOEC) and the median lethal concentration (LC50) of each pollutant during
the 96-hour acute exposure. Among all tested pollutants, TBT was most toxic toG. japonica, and Hg was most toxic among inorganic metals. The toxicity of pyrene toG. japonica was greatest among PAH compounds, followed by fluoranthene, phenanathrene, acenaphthene, fluorene and naphthalene. The toxicity
of PAH compounds was closely related to their physico-chemical characteristics such as Kow and water solubility.G. japonica responded adequately to pollutant concentrations and exposure durations, and the sensitivity ofG. japonica to various inorganic and organic pollutants was generally comparable to other amphipods used as standard test species in
ecotoxicological studies, indicating this species can be applied in the assessment of environments polluted by various harmful
substances. 相似文献
11.
海洋微生物对多环芳烃的降解 总被引：15，自引：1，他引：15
从海域沉积物中富集分离出以芘作为唯一碳源和能源的海洋微生物，以ST4富集培养的混合微生物作为研究对象；该海洋混合菌株能利用菲（Phe）、芘（Pyr)、荧蒽（Fla)等多种多环芳烃；在不同浓度的芘的降解中，当芘的浓度为50mg/dm^3时，其生长水平和降解速率最高；当芘的浓度为200mg/dm^3时，其生长受到抑制，芘几乎不能被降解。外加营养盐酵母浸出液和葡萄糖促进降解微生物的生长，提高降解速率。研究表明了海洋微生物在多环芳烃污染环境的生物修复应用前景。 相似文献
12.
为了解和探讨3~5环PAHs对海水鱼类胚胎发育的毒性及作用方式,比较研究了菲(phenanthrene,Phe)、芘(pyrene,Py)、苯并(a)芘(benzo(a)pyrene,BaP)单一暴露和三者各自与α-萘黄酮(α-naphthoflavone,ANF)联合暴露对海水青鳉(marine medaka, Oryzias melastigma)胚胎发育的毒性效应。胚胎体内EROD活性、发育畸形、孵化率和心律等毒性指标被测定,结果显示:Phe,Py和BaP对海水青鳉胚胎体内EROD活性的诱导能力大小为BaP>Py>Phe,各化合物对EROD诱导与发育畸形之间的关系较为复杂,除Phe所引起的EROD诱导与畸形指数之间呈显著相关(r=0.95,p=0.015)外,Py和BaP均无相关性;在100 μg/dm3 ANF影响下,CYP1A活性诱导被抑制,但胚胎发育的畸形指数被显著提高,ANF分别与Phe,Py和BaP的联合暴露对胚胎发育呈潜在的协同作用。本文研究初步表明,3~5环PAHs化合物对海水青鳉胚胎发育的毒性作用方式可能不同;CYP1A活性抑制在PAHs混合物对海水青鳉胚胎发育的毒性作用过程中未起到缓解毒性的作用,CYP1A抑制剂与PAH型CYP1A诱导剂的混合物对鱼类胚胎发育具有潜在的协同毒性作用,现有的PAHs混合物毒性风险评价方法可能低估了实际环境中PAHs的风险;海水青鳉早期生活阶段的心脏发育对PAHs混合物暴露较为敏感,可推荐其作为生物标志物指示PAHs或溢油污染。 相似文献
13.
A. Valavanidis Th. Vlachogianni S. Triantafillaki M. Dassenakis F. Androutsos M. Scoullos 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2008,79(4):733-739
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were identified and measured in surface seawater and in the tissues (gills and mantle) of indigenous black mussels, Mytilus galloprovincialis, collected from three coastal sites of Saronikos Gulf (Greece), a gulf that exhibits high levels of pollution. The total PAHs measured by spectrofluorometry in the surface seawater were found in the range of 425–459 ng L−1 at the most polluted sites 1 and 2 (Elefsis Bay–Salamis Island) and in the range of 103–124 ng L−1 at site 3 (Aegina Island). PAHs' sources in seawater were identified by application of specific PAH ratios, such as phenanthrene/anthracene and fluoranthene/pyrene. Levels of PAHs in soft tissues (gills and mantle) of indigenous mussels were much higher than those reported for seawater. Total PAH concentrations in mantle tissues were in the range of 1300–1800 ng g−1 dry weight (dw) tissue at sites 1 and 2 and approximately 380 ng g−1 dw at site 3. In gill tissues total PAH concentrations were in the range of 1480–2400 ng g−1 dw at sites 1 and 2 and approximately 430 ng g−1 dw at site 3. PAHs composition was dominated by two-, three- and four-ring compounds in seawater, where 17 different PAH compounds were identified and measured in mussel tissues. Mussels can be used as sentinel organisms to monitoring PAHs' contamination, since they concentrate PAHs from the surrounding water media and therefore making the chemical analysis simpler and less prone to error than that for water. In surface seawater possible weathering and photodegradation due to hot climates contribute to reduced PAHs concentrations. 相似文献
14.
Stress proteins (heat shock proteins, hsps) form part of the cellular protein repair system, and are induced by a wide variety of Stressors. To determine their suitability as tools for assessing sublethal sediment toxicity, we measured levels of members of the stress protein families hsp60 and hsp70 in benthic estuarine amphipods (Ampelisca abdita) exposed to sediments from 23 different sampling sites in San Francisco Bay for 10 d. Concentrations of sediment-associated xenobiotics were determined. Per cent survival was recorded and surviving animals were analysed for stress proteins using western blotting techniques. An inverse correlation (r2 = 0.44) was seen between amphipod survival and hsp64 levels, and hsp64 levels were positively correlated with concentrations of total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (r2 = 0.5). Principal component analysis revealed that amphipod mortality was linked to a combination of several PAHs (phenanthrene, fluoranthene, pyrene, benzo(a)pyrene) and di-n-butylphthalate at southern San Francisco Bay sites. At northern San Francisco Bay sites, negative correlations were found between hsp64 levels and organotin compounds (MBT, DBT, TBT), and between hsp71 levels and the PAHs, benzo (b,k)fluoranthene and benzo(G,H,I)perylene, suggesting an inhibitory effect of these compounds on stress protein expression. 相似文献
15.
本文在现场情况下，研究了自然条件下受污染海岸带沉积物中的7种多环芳烃（Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons，简称PAHs）的解吸动力学行为。结果表明，7种PAHs）的解吸动力学行为。结果表明，7种PAHs的解吸动力学行为可以用二元模型模拟。文中并将所得数据与文献报道的数据进行了比较。 相似文献
16.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the accumulation behavior of two typical PAHs,phenanthrene(PHE) and fluoranthene(FLA),uptaken by the mangrove Kandelia candel in various treated sandy soils.The experiment lasted for three months.Soil and plant samples were collected after 3,6,9 and 13 weeks of the incubation and the levels of PAHs were analyzed using a GC/MS(HP6890-5975B).The results showed that the root accumulations of PHE and FLA were elevated with the increase of the PAH concentrations in the soil.With prolonged exposure time,PHE and FLA concentrations of the roots increased significantly in comparison with the control.PHE and FLA concentrations of root after 13 weeks of treatment ranged from 0.28 to 4.36 μg·g-1 and 0.79 to 35.76 μg·g-1,respectively.The calculated mean values of the root concentration factors were 0.58 for PHE and 0.71 for FLA.This indicated that root accumulation of FLA was greater than PHE,which would result from the higher octanol-water partition coefficient(Kow) of FLA.These results underline the ability of mangroves to remove PAHs from contaminated marine substrates and hence their potential use in bioremediation and the removal of PAHs from the marine food chain. 相似文献
17.
菲与芘在砂基培养的红树植物秋茄中的分布与可视化定位 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本研究采用系列浓度盆栽试验研究多环芳烃（PAHs）菲与芘在红树植物秋茄（Kandelia obova-ta）中的迁移与分布规律,采用加速溶剂萃取（ASE）法和气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）方法测定秋茄叶片和根中的多环芳烃含量,应用倒置荧光显微镜对秋茄叶片中的多环芳烃进行定位表征.结果表明：秋茄能从培养液中吸收菲和芘,并将根系吸收的菲和芘向叶片运输.秋茄体内菲和芘含量随处理时间（4、8、21 d）呈现先上升后下降的趋势,在培养8 d达到最大值.与4 d和8 d处理相比,在21d试验完成后,秋茄根与叶中的菲和芘含量显著降低,表明在红树植物体内存在明显的PAHs降解或者挥发.秋茄根系中的菲和芘含量随处理浓度提高而增高,与叶片相比,PAHs更多地在根部累积.在叶片中,菲和芘主要储存在叶片的维管束及附近的海绵组织中. 相似文献
18.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) bioaccumulation by the polychaete worm Streblospio benedicti (Webster) was measured under exposure to PAH-contaminated sediments in the field and for 28 d in the laboratory. Streblospio benedicti collected from field sediments contaminated at 2.94, 1.07, and l.52 μg g−1 fluoranthene (FLU), benz[a]anthracene (BAA), and benzo[a]pyrene (BAP), bioaccumulated those PAHs at 1.53, 0.215, and 0.332 μg g−1, while worms isolated from less contaminated field sediments (0.399, 0.228, 0.288 μg g−1 FLU, BAA, and BAP) had FLU, BAA, and BAP body burdens of 0.543, 0.236, and 0.083 μg g−1. Worms incubated for 28 d in PAH-spiked sediments (1.52, 0.991, 0.504 μg g−1 FLU, BAA, and BAP) bioaccumulated those PAHs at 0.382, 0.966, and 0.602 μg g−1, respectively. Data normalization to organism lipid and sediment organic carbon (biota-sediment accumulation factors [BSAFs] strongly suggest that Streblospio PAH bioaccumulation was directly related to percent sediment organic carbon, but BSAFs were substantially lower than predicted by equilibrium partitioning theory. BSAFs decreased with increasing PAH log Kow, in worms collected from field sediments, but in spiked sediments BSAFs increased with increasing PAH hydrophobicity. This disparity may have been caused by insufficient spiked-sediment equilibration time (1.5h) in the case of the laboratory test sediments. 相似文献
19.
In order to understand the diversity and distribution of the bacterial community in the coastal sediment of the Bohai Bay,China,high-throughput barcoded pyrosequencing of the 16 S r RNA gene was used.Metagenomic DNA was extracted from the sediment samples,and was sequenced using a 454 GS FLX Titanium system.At 97%similarity,the sequences were assigned to 22 884 operational taxonomic units(OTUs) which belonged to 41 phyla,84 classes,268 genera and 789 species.At the different taxonomic levels,both the dominants and their distribution varied significantly among the six coastal sediments.Proteobacteria was the first dominant phylum across all the six coastal sediments,representing 57.52%,60.66%,45.10%,60.92%,56.63% and 56.59%,respectively.Bacteroidetes was the second dominant phylum at Stas S1,S2 and S4,while Chloroflexi was the second dominant phylum at Stas S3,S5 and S6.At class level,γ-Proteobacteria was the first dominant class at Stas S1,S2,S4 and S6,while δ-Proteobacteria became the first dominant class at Stas S3 and S5.In addition,a large proportion of unclassified representatives have distributed at the different taxonomic levels.Canonical correspondence analysis(CCA) results indicated that the sediment texture,water depth(D),dissolved oxygen(DO),total nitrogen(TN) and nine EPA priority control polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) including naphthalene,acenaphthylene,acenaphthene,fluorine,phenanthrene,fluoranthene,pyrene,benzo[a]anthracene and indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene were the important factors in regulating the bacterial community composition.Those results are very important to further understand the roles of bacterial community in the coastal biogeochemical cycles. 相似文献
20.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water, seston and copepods in a harbour area in the Western Mediterranean (Ligurian Sea) 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Luigi Pane Simona Boccardo Fabio Bonfiglioli Gian Luigi Mariottini Francesca Priano & Osvaldo Conio 《Marine Ecology》2005,26(2):89-99
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are widespread carcinogenic, mutagenic and teratogenic pollutants that can significantly affect ecosystems and exert an influence on marine planktonic and benthic communities as well as on higher organisms such as fish and mammals, including humans. In this paper the concentrations of six PAHs in water, seston and copepods were examined in a harbour zone of the Genova Gulf (Ligurian Sea) from November 1997 to June 1998. The importance of freshwater inputs coming from a polluted stream and the influence of seasonal and atmospheric factors were also considered. Highest PAH values were recorded during spring. Fluoranthene, Benzo[b]fluoranthene and Benzo[k]fluoranthene were the most abundant PAHs either in water, seston or copepods. The concentration of total PAHs in seawater was often lower than the detection limit: recorded values ranged between 0.001 and 0.06 ppb. In seston, total PAHs ranged between 0.033 and 6.26 ng·g?1 and in copepods between 0.01 and 2.34 ng·g?1. With this study, PAH contamination in the harbour zone of Genova Sestri‐Ponente and the importance of inputs of organic pollutants coming from land and freshwaters have been emphasized. 相似文献