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1.
近期在江西九瑞矿集区朗君山地区通过钻探获取了新鲜的第三纪火山岩样品,本文对这些样品进行了系统的矿物学研究。结果表明:这些火山岩样品均为玄武岩,可明显分为两个喷发旋回,主要组成矿物为单斜辉石和斜长石,并有少量的磷灰石和铁钛氧化物等矿物。根据其矿物成分特征判断,早期旋回的玄武岩属于钾玄岩系列,晚期旋回的玄武岩属于拉斑玄武岩系列。对比两套玄武岩中单斜辉石的成分可以发现,早期玄武岩岩浆朝着富钙富锰和贫铝贫碱的方向演化,而晚期玄武岩岩浆则朝着富钛富锰和贫铝贫钙贫铬的方向演化。早期旋回玄武岩中斜长石斑晶发育反环带和韵律环带,辉石斑晶中发育正环带、反环带和韵律环带,且基质中斜长石普遍被碱性长石所交代,推测早期喷发的岩浆遭受过多次岩浆混合作用。早期旋回玄武岩中单斜辉石形成的温度为1124~1157℃,压力为1.23~1.42GPa,相应深度为41~47km,表明这套玄武岩可能是由相对原始岩浆上升到较浅部位分异形成的。根据单斜辉石F1-F2图解和Ti O2-Al Z图解判断,该区玄武岩具有明显的与弧有关的构造环境特征,推测应为弧后拉张盆地环境。  相似文献   

2.
白银厂矿田玄武岩地球化学特征及其形成地质环境   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
白银厂矿田玄武岩主要由玄武岩和碱性玄武岩组成 ,其中玄武岩属于钙碱性系列和拉斑系列 ,碱性玄武岩属于钾质碱性玄武岩系列和钠质碱性玄武岩系列。相对于N -MORB ,本区钙碱性系列和拉斑系列玄武岩明显富集Ba、Rb、Th、U ,而亏损Ti;碱性系列玄武岩高度富集K、Ba、Rb、Th、U ,而Ti、Zr、Ce相对亏损 ,表明该区玄武岩的形成与板块俯冲作用有关。钙碱性玄武岩系列和拉斑玄武岩系列玄武岩具有低的REE含量和亏损的LREE配分型式 ,表明它是由LREE亏损和HREE略有富集的地幔部分熔融形成 ;碱性系列玄武岩的REE含量和 (La/Yb) N 比值高 ,LREE和HREE的分馏程度较高 ,表明其形成于演化的岩浆 ,可能来自于富集LREE的地幔源区或地幔橄榄岩较低程度的熔融。痕量元素地球化学特征表明 ,本区玄武岩应是与板块俯冲作用有关的地幔部分熔融形成 ,成岩环境为火山弧环境 ,是岛弧向成熟岛弧转化过程中的产物。  相似文献   

3.
东昆仑造山带诺木洪郭勒早古生代火山活动   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  
诺木洪郭勒一带发育早古生代火山岩, 可明显分为2种类型: 一类为基性火山岩组合, 岩石主要为具枕状构造的玄武岩, SiO2碱度均较低, 为拉斑系列玄武岩, 稀土、微量元素特征及构造环境判别显示其形成于洋中脊的构造环境; 另一类为中基性火山岩组合, 火山岩岩石类型复杂, 熔岩和火山碎屑岩均较发育, 熔岩成分从基性到中酸性均有, 火山岩SiO2成分变化较大, 既有亚碱性, 又有碱性, 亚碱性系列岩石多属钙碱性系列.稀土、微量元素特征及构造环境判别其形成于火山弧的环境.   相似文献   

4.
桐庐和相山两类酸性火山—侵入杂岩中长石的对比研究   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  
陈小明  赵连泽 《岩石学报》1999,15(2):279-285
桐庐和相山杂岩体分别属于同熔型和陆壳重熔型火山－侵入杂岩系列,通过对这两个系列中的斜长石及碱性长石进行了对比研究。桐庐杂岩体中存在两种斜长石及两种碱性长石,而相山杂岩体中只有一种斜长石及一种碱性长石。桐庐杂岩体中的两种斜长石,一种为环带构造发育、中心绢云母化较强的斜长石,其中心成分有的已达培长石,而边缘主要为更长石,另一种为环带构造不发育的斜长石,其成分变化较小,主要为中长石;而两种碱性长石中一种为无色透明的透长石,其内部均匀分布有规则的出溶微结构,另一种为微红色的正长石,基本上看不到出溶结构,这两种碱性长石结构不同但成分基本相似。笔者认为桐庐杂岩体中存在的两种斜长石及两种碱性长石反映了岩浆的不平衡结晶作用,这种不平衡主要是岩浆上升过程中带状岩浆房的扰动引起的;而相山杂岩体中的长石反映了一种近平衡结晶的岩浆环境  相似文献   

5.
吴茂炳 《甘肃地质》1993,2(2):23-33
通过区内镁铁质和超镁铁质岩、花岗岩类以及中酸性火山岩的地质地球化学特征的研究,认为显生宙该陆缘弧经历了拉张、挤压和再次拉张的演化过程。在早古生代的拉张环境下,形成了镁铁质和超镁铁质岩、深熔花岗岩以及海西早期以地壳熔体为特征的花岗岩;海西中、晚期典型的Ⅰ型花岗岩和二叠纪钙——碱性系列的火山岩是挤压环境的产物;印支期的A型花岗岩是造山期后形成的。  相似文献   

6.
集安岩群石榴石成分特征及其动力学意义   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2  
集安岩群石榴石以富铁为特征，均属铁铝榴石。形成于高角闪岩相的石榴石成分比较稳定，＜ＦｅＯ＞平均含量３２．２０％，ＭｇＯ５．１７％，ＸＭｇ平均植０．２３；结晶于低角闪岩相的石榴石（ＦｅＯ＋ＭｇＯ）含量３３．５０％，（ＭｎＯ＋ＣａＯ）６．９１％。石榴石微区成分不均匀，晶体内具有一些微区成分环带，这种环带不是各进变质作用阶段ｐ－Ｔ条件平衡或近平衡的产物。石榴石边缘存在着明显的扩散环带，表现为晶体边缘相对  相似文献   

7.
于丽芳  赵文霞  陈建林  郭倩  王保弟 《岩石学报》2011,27(12):3666-3674
在青藏高原拉萨地块中南部的米巴勒、麦嘎乡、赛利普地区分布有新生代的超钾质火山岩,这些火山岩的斑晶中广泛发育单斜辉石正环带,其记录了超钾质岩浆的早期结晶历史.这些单斜辉石的正环带核部到边部Mg*和镁、铬的氧化物含量降低,而铁、钠、铝、钛的氧化物含量升高,它反映了岩浆正常结晶的顺序.米巴勒地区超钾质岩中的单斜辉石还出现反环带和少量的韵律环带,可能与该地区所发现的共生钠质过碱性火山岩有关,韵律环带揭示了其可能是相同成分的超钾质母岩浆从岩浆源区多次补给形成,而反环带则可能是与钠质过碱性火山岩岩浆存在一定程度的混合造成的.尽管三个地区超钾质火山岩的喷发时间稍不同,但是三地区的单斜辉石正环带核部成分基本相同,它们具有相似的Al-Ti值,指示出超钾质岩形成在相同的构造环境并具有相同的岩浆成因.  相似文献   

8.
花岗岩拓扑学的反思   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  
介绍了石榴石成分环带 (剖面 )的现代测试技术 ,强调了二维成分填图在当代成分环带研究中的重要性。根据石榴石成分环带 (剖面 )的变化特征 ,将其划分为匀变连续型成分环带和突变间断型成分环带。匀变连续型环带形成受平衡生长控制 ;突变间断型成因复杂 ,其中的台阶型可与多期变质、变质条件大幅度改变、变质反应性质改变或深熔作用干扰等过程有关 ;脉冲型又可分生长型环带(剖面 )和扩散型环带 (剖面 ) ,后者是变质顶峰后石榴石与包体矿物反应导致石榴石某种成分的晶内扩散有关。东昆仑小庙岩群石榴石的岩相学、主量微量元素环带和稀土元素配分环带特征表明其是两期变质作用的产物。  相似文献   

9.
邹金汐 《地质与勘探》2013,49(4):713-722
云南香格里拉县洛吉地区出露由洛吉组玄武岩和基性岩墙群组成的基性杂岩,其母岩浆起源于亚碱性-碱性系列的拉斑玄武系列,地球化学特征表明该基性杂岩体形成于构造变动的复杂环境,并与不同源区岩浆混合及一定程度的壳幔混染有关,其中的碱性玄武岩与基性岩墙属具有相似性OIB玄武岩,是深部地幔石榴石橄榄岩与尖晶石橄榄石小部分熔融的产物,形成于大陆内或陆缘裂谷转变为盆缘造山带的过渡环境,亚碱性玄武岩属于E-MORB并有向OIB过渡趋势,由源区相对浅的尖晶石橄榄石熔融形成,为洋中脊向大陆过渡环境的蛇绿岩质分子,属甘孜-理塘结合带残余产物。  相似文献   

10.
鄂拉山香加吾岗地区晚三叠世鄂拉山组火山岩相可划分为喷发相、喷溢相、溢流相、次火山岩相及火山颈相,以富Si、Na,高K,贫Ti为特征。在SiO2～Na2O+K2O图解中全部样品均落在亚碱性系列区,在AFM图解中所有样品均落在钙碱性系列区,为中-高钾过铝质钙碱性系列;微量元素以高Be、W、Au、Zr、Hf、Te、Cs、Th,低Sr、Cr、Mn、Nb、Rb、Ta、Co、Ni、Cu为特征;稀土元素分析表明铕具有明显的负异常,轻稀土呈富集型。经Logσ-Logτ图解分析后,结合地质背景认为区内晚三叠世火山岩形成于左行斜冲的陆—陆后碰撞环境,为后碰撞加厚陆壳下部物质发生重熔后的产物,形成于大陆边缘环境。  相似文献   

11.
Police, politics, and the right to the city   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
Mustafa Dikeç 《GeoJournal》2002,58(2-3):91-98
Space and spatiality have recently been at the core of debates concerning the political possibilities of the city. The arguments advanced in this paper might be seen as an attempt to contribute to these debates through a reflection on the spatiality of (in) justice, politics, and the right to the city. The case of French urban policy, with its focus on distressed urban areas, and the `suburban problem' in France are used as examples to make arguments more concrete.  相似文献   

12.
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others.  相似文献   

13.
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14.
The Trinity River (Texas, USA) contains in its watershed 23 different reservoir lakes, the largest one being Lake Livingston situated in the lower Trinity River watershed and two potentially polluting metroplexes, Dallas and Houston. In order to determine fluxes of nutrients and trace metals to Galveston Bay, a survey that included 24 discreet samples collected over a year and at various stages of discharge was carried out during 2000–2001. Geochemical (i.e., sorption by Fe oxyhydroxides), biological (i.e., seasonal uptake by sinking algae in Lake Livingston), and hydrological (i.e., dilution effects by increasing flow rates) controls were found to be mainly responsible for variations in dissolved trace metal concentrations rather than pollution sources. The Trinity River loads of suspended sediments and pollutant trace metals entering Galveston Bay at Anahuac were <20% of those reaching Lake Livingston, and only a few percent of the total upstream trace metal load is entering the Gulf of Mexico. Thus, during the transit through the 23 man-made lakes and an estuary, >96% of the pollutant trace metal load is lost to sediments.  相似文献   

15.
The mineral composition of the Talatui gold deposit has been studied with modern methods. Previously unknown minerals (ilmenite, siegenite, glaucodot, wittichenite, matildite, hessite, pilsenite, zircon, tremolite, cummingtonite, hercynite, and goethite) have been identified in the ore. A high Re content has been detected in molybdenite. The spatiotemporal separation of Au and Ag is caused by different mineral species of these elements and their diachronous precipitation during the ore-forming process. Gold crystallized along with early mineral assemblages, beginning from virtually pure gold (the fineness is 996). Silver precipitated largely at the end of the process as hessite (Ag2Te) and matildite (AgBiS2). The temperature of ore deposition varied from 610 to 145°C, the pressure was 3370–110 bar, and the salt concentration ranged from 56.3 to 0.4 wt % NaCl equiv. The heterogeneous state (boiling) of fluid at the early stages has been documented. The chemical and isotopic compositions of the fluid testify to its magmatic nature and the participation of meteoric water at late stages in the ore-forming process. Thermodynamic modeling reproduces the main specific features of ore formation, including separation of Au and Ag. A physicochemical model of the gold mineralization in the Darasun ore district has been proposed. On the basis of several attributes, the Talatui deposit has been referred to the prophyry gold-copper economic type.  相似文献   

16.
Transport and transformation of nitrate was evaluated along a 1-km groundwater transect from an almond orchard to the Merced River, California, USA, within an irrigated agricultural setting. As indicated by measurements of pore-water nitrate and modeling using the root zone water quality model, about 63% of the applied nitrogen was transported through a 6.5-m unsaturated zone. Transport times from recharge locations to the edge of a riparian zone ranged from approximately 6 months to greater than 100 years. This allowed for partial denitrification in horizons having mildly reducing conditions, and essentially no denitrification in horizons with oxidizing conditions. Transport times across a 50–100-m-wide riparian zone of less than a year to over 6 years and more strongly reducing conditions resulted in greater rates of denitrification. Isotopic measurements and concentrations of excess N2 in water were indicative of denitrification with the highest rates below the Merced River. Discharge of water and nitrate into the river was dependent on gradients driven by irrigation or river stage. The results suggest that the assimilative capacity for nitrate of the groundwater system, and particularly the riverbed, is limiting the nitrate load to the Merced River in the study area.  相似文献   

17.
马元铅锌矿床是近年扬子陆块北缘铅锌找矿的新突破。矿体呈层状、似层状产于碑坝隆起翼部震旦系灯影组角砾状白云岩层间构造带中,围岩蚀变很弱。矿石中硫化物以闪锌矿、方铅矿为主,中粗粒晶质结构,充填于白云岩角砾间。闪锌矿富集Cd、Ge、Ag,贫In、Tl、Se,Ga/In为6~132,Ge/In多1000,成矿温度以中-低温为主。金属硫化物ε~(34)S值相对集中,为12.9‰~19.4‰,平均为17.4‰,来自于海相硫酸盐的还原。铅同位素组成稳定,~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb为17.858~17.918:~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb为15.603~15.694;~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb为37.756~38.046,具有造山带和上地壳铅的特征,震旦系可能提供了金属成矿物质。闪锌矿中流体包裹体的~3He/~4He为0.03Ra~1.05Ra,~(40)Ar/~(36)Ar为326.1~765.1,~(38)Ar/~(36)Ar为0.183~0.204,表明成矿流体主要为地壳流体和饱和大气水(大气降水或海水)的混合。闪锌矿内流体包裹体挥发分δ~(13)C_(CH_4)值为-36.01‰~-28.80‰,δ~(13)C_(C_2H_6)值为-27.72‰~-22.44‰,δ~(13)C_(CO_2)值为-23.24‰~-9.68‰,表明有机流体参与了成矿作用。石英、方解石的H-O同位素结果表明具有海水和有机水混合的特征。可见,成矿流体具有两种流体混合的特征,一为蒸发海水与围岩反应所形成的盆地卤水,二为有机流体。推测矿区可能存在一个古油气藏,由于TSR生成一高硫气藏,为区内还原性有机流体的主要来源。当富含Pb、Zn等成矿物质的成矿流体运移至富含CH_4和H_2S的还原性流体的矿区角砾岩带时,两种流体混合,Pb、Zn等遇到H_2S发生反应而沉淀成矿,并伴生热液白云石等,形成了马元铅锌矿床。综上所述,我们认为马元矿床属MVT型铅锌矿床。  相似文献   

18.
Clay subfractions (SFs) of <0.1, 0.1–0.2, 0.2–0.3, 0.3–0.6, 0.6–2 and 2–5 μm separated from Middle Riphean shales of the Debengda Formation are studied using the TEM, XRD, K-Ar and Rb-Sr isotopic methods. The oxygen and hydrogen isotope compositions in the SFs are studied as well. The low-temperature illite-smectite is dominant mineral in all the SFs except for the coarsest ones. The XRD, chemical and isotopic data imply that two generations of authigenic illite-smectite different in age are mixed in the SFs. The illite crystallinity index decreases in parallel with size diminishing of clay particles. As compared to coarser SFs, illite of fine-grained subfractions is enriched in Al relative to Fe and Mg, contains more K, and reveals higher K/Rb and Rb/Sr ratios. The Rb-Sr age calculated by means of the leachochron (“inner isochron”) method declines gradually from 1254-1272 Ma in the coarsest SFs to 1038-1044 Ma in finest ones, while the K-Ar age decreases simultaneously from 1225–1240 to 1080 Ma. The established positive correlation of δ18O and δD values with dimensions of clay particles in the SFs seems to be also consistent with the mixing systematics. The isotopic systematics along with data on mineral composition and morphology lead to the conclusion that mixedlayer illite-smectite was formed in the Debengda shales during two periods 1211–1272 and 1038–1080 Ma ago. The first period is likely close to the deposition time of sediments and corresponds to events of burial catagenesis, whereas the second one is correlative with the regional uplift and changes in hydrological regime during the pre-Khaipakh break in sedimentation.  相似文献   

19.
Over the past decade researchers working on the rocks of the Beaufort Group in the main Karoo Basin of South Africa have vastly increased our understanding of this important Permo-Triassic sequence. Many new fossil forms have been discovered, allowing for breakthroughs into the biodiversity, biogeography and biostratigraphy of the group. Taxonomic and phylogenetic advances are many and varied, and cover most of the vertebrate taxa, but with emphasis placed on the temnospondyl amphibians, archosauriforms and non-mammalian synapsids, in particular the anomodontia. Biostratigraphic breakthroughs have centered on the Middle Permian Eodicynodon and Tapinocephalus assemblage zones, the Late Permian Dicynodon Assemblage Zone, and the Triassic Lystrosaurus and Cynognathus assemblage zones. Correlation of these biozones with better dated sequences in Europe, Russia and China has allowed for many chronostratigraphic refinements, which are in turn vital for sequence stratigraphical analysis of the basin fill. Based on fossil data, both the lower (Ecca–Beaufort) and upper (Beaufort–Molteno) contacts of the group have been proved to be highly diachronous. The refined chronostratigraphic framework has also allowed for a better analysis of the basin evolution through time, particularly in terms of the correlation of external stimuli that affect basin sedimentation patterns.  相似文献   

20.
藏北羌塘丁固—加措地区康托组的时代   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
自西藏区域地质调查大队创建康托组以来,康托组岩石地层单位广泛应用于羌塘地区,普遍认为其时代为新近纪.笔者于丁固-加措地区的康托组地层中采获古近纪轮藻化石Obtusocharat sp.,O.lanpingenis,Gyrogona qinajiangica和部分孢粉化石,并在康托组底部安山岩中获K-Ar年龄65.1～66.5Ma.上述轮藻组合与同位素年龄指示的地层时代为古新世-始新世,据此将测区康托组的时代确定为古近纪.由于测区康托组之上被唢纳湖组或鱼鳞山组角度不整合覆盖,因此康托组时代的确定不仅进一步完善了测区新生代地层系统,还指示测区在康托组与唢纳湖组或鱼鳞山组之间发生了一次强烈的构造运动.  相似文献   

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