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1.
Governing a city of unicorns: technology capital and the urban politics of San Francisco 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Donald McNeill 《Urban geography》2016,37(4):494-513
San Francisco is now widely considered to be the most important city in the world for the location of new technology start-up firms, especially high valuation “unicorns,” and is increasingly seen as both a locational and metaphorical extension of Silicon Valley. In this paper, I trace some of the political strategies and tensions that have accompanied the city’s prominence in this area, and in particular the distinctive role of technology and venture capital in the political economy of urban development. The paper has four empirical sections. It describes (1) the political machinations surrounding the 2011 and 2015 municipal elections, which saw the election of Ed Lee as Mayor with significant support from individual technology investors such as Ron Conway and Marc Benioff, and accompanied by various “tech-friendly” policy shifts; (2) the foundation of the “tech chamber of commerce” sf.citi as a means of enhancing the policy influence of the tech industry in San Francisco; (3) the introduction of a low taxation regime in the city’s Central Market area that has attracted technology companies such as Twitter as tenants; and (4) the urban policy tensions associated with the evolution of new “sharing economy” firms such as Uber and Airbnb, which have aggressively challenged municipal regulations in the taxi and property rental fields. Throughout these machinations, we can see a reshaping of capital fractions, with venture and angel capital increasingly involved in reengineering the labor, housing, and public transport markets of the city in order to circumvent the accumulation problems that tech investors had suffered in the earlier dot.com failures. 相似文献
2.
澳门的城市性质及其在我国城市体系中的地位和作用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
文章分析了澳门城市形成和发展的历史基础,其性质和功能特点,当前的经济结构状况及其发展条件。在此基础上指出了它的发展方向,以及在中国恢复行使主权和特别行政区高度自治(“一国两制”)条件下的区域经济一体化的途径。 相似文献
3.
中国上市企业总部的区位分布和集聚特征 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
大企业总部是决策和控制中心,掌握着巨大的资源分配权,其决策将影响到地区甚至国家的发展。因此,大企业总部的数量关系到一个国家和地区的竞争力和影响力,研究大企业总部的分布和集聚有重要的理论和政策意义。本研究考察了截至2011年底中国2320家上市企业总部在城市的分布及集聚特征,有以下主要发现:①中国的上市企业总部分布和总体产业空间格局较为一致,即高度集聚在我国的东部沿海城市,尤其是长三角、珠三角和京津冀地区。②中国的企业总部高度集聚在高行政级别的城市,具体而言即大量集中在首都、直辖市、副省级和省会城市。③北京、上海和深圳是中国企业总部最为集聚的城市,不仅企业总部数量最多,而且企业的规模也最大,尤其是北京拥有超强的掌控力。而且,北京、上海和深圳几乎在所有产业领域都表现出绝对的领先优势。④和国际上发达国家比较,中国的企业总部在空间上的集聚程度较低,东部沿海发达地区的总部数量占全国比重仍在上升,北京、上海和深圳等大城市的上市企业总部数量增长要明显快于全国其他地区,其地位还在进一步强化。⑤企业总部的数量和城市的金融业发展水平、机场条件、经济规模、经济全球化水平、城市的规模等级、行政等级等呈现出高度的正向相关关系。 相似文献
4.
Gerald R. Webster 《The Professional geographer》1996,48(4):379-391
Although the Republican Party has been competitive in presidential elections in the South for nearly three decades, it has only recently become a force in southern state and local elections. In Alabama, the GOP has dominated presidential voting since 1964, but has only become competitive during the past decade in gubernatorial elections. Why did the GOP first experience success in Alabama in presidential elections 30 years ago, but only recently become competitive in gubernatorial elections? This paper addresses this question using a county-level analysis of both presidential and gubernatorial election returns. It concludes that George Wallace's long political career is the dominant reason for the lag in GOP success in gubernatorial elections. 相似文献
5.
James T. Hathaway 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》1997,17(2):132-149
This paper uses the bars of Ado-Ekiti as a site to explore the use of urban space by women and men. Ado-Ekiti is a Yoruba city of 150,000 people in southwestern Nigeria. Feminist and political economy perspectives are used in developing the three-part theme of the way that gender intersects with the relations between bars and production, bars and reproduction, and bars and consumption. A look at the history of alcohol in Nigeria and of Yoruba women as traders and their cultural role provides context. Survey results and personal observations connect empirical findings to the tripartite theme. Women own and run three fourths of Ado-Ekiti's two hundred plus bars, but men control the upscale bars. Many of Ado's female bar owners are on the receiving end of an exploitative relationship with the global economy via the brewing industry, in a patriarchal society that assigns them a heavy reproductive burden. 相似文献
6.
Recent work in urban and political geography has explored how affective life is becoming intertwined with security apparatuses. This paper situates this interest within a longer history by exploring how affect–specifically “tension”–emerged as an object of political concern and intervention in US cities during the postwar era. Focusing on Detroit, we trace how northern liberals responded to an escalation in racial unrest by developing programs that sought to detect and locate a change in the city’s atmospheric charge. They also created various measures to try and combat a rise in tension or aggression before it led to violence. However, while these efforts were framed in terms of collective security, we argue that they actually reproduced racialized differences across the city. They also helped to construct material and ideological support at the local-level for the national backlash against racial liberalism marked by the election of Nixon in the late-1960s 相似文献
7.
Russell C. Weaver 《The Professional geographer》2013,65(2):145-153
A great deal of interdisciplinary literature suggests that although the general motivation to vote is complex, it can be partially explained by a multitude of psychological and contextual factors, including local geographic patterns. I extend this observation to one particular type of voting behavior: sincere crossover voting, or voting for a candidate outside of one's own political affiliation, in a general election. Using a replicable methodological approach that incorporates partisan spatial segregation and exposure as predictors into statistical models of crossover voting behavior for a selected U.S. election, I produce evidence to suggest that the spatial arrangement of partisans influences crossover behavior in the study area, although not uniformly for members of the two major American political parties. 相似文献
8.
以辽宁省14个城市为例,在利用非线性模糊综合评价法和三轴图分别测度城市经济承载力和产业结构变动规律的基础上,从相关性和贡献度两个层次探讨产业结构变动对经济承载力增长的贡献。研究结果表明:首先,1985—2014年辽宁省14个城市经济承载力整体呈现倒"U"型变化,产业结构以第二产业为主,呈现"J"型结构。其中,1985—2003年大部分城市第三产业比重上升并占据首位,产业结构优化程度加强,经济承载力稳步提升;2003—2014年第二产业比重回升,产业结构水平下滑,城市经济承载力增速放缓甚至下降。其次,辽宁14个城市的产业结构变动与城市经济承载力表现出了较强的相关性,在此基础上进行的贡献度分析表明产业结构的变动对城市经济承载力有直接且明显的贡献作用,其中第三产业贡献度最高。 相似文献
9.
Qiyan Wu 《Urban geography》2018,39(2):282-298
In this paper, we examine two urban projects in Kunming, Southwest China, one a massive scheme to build a new city center on rural land outside the city, and the other, an act of urban restructuring involving the rebuilding of an old Hui (Muslim) neighborhood in the old city center. We analyze the coalition of forces configured to undertake these large-scale projects; we underline the role of specially formed city-building organizations and the support provided by the state-owned institutions that dominate the city’s political economy; and we draw attention to the caution with which the city government handled resistance to urban restructuring among Hui residents. We argue that urban growth projects in inland cities like Kunming are marked by certain features that distinguish them from similar projects in Eastern Chinese cities but maintain that nonetheless the drive for profit maximization at the expense of residents is unchanged. 相似文献
10.
Deinstitutionalisation of psychiatric patients since the 1980s has introduced a new population and a new land use to New Zealand's urban areas. This paper reviews the geography of deinstitutionalisation, and investigates whether the North American phenomenon of a service-dependent ghetto can be identified in Dunedin. 相似文献
11.
Godwin Uyi Ojo 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2012,33(1):49-62
Since its emergence as a research field in the 1980s, political ecology has provided a useful tool to explicate violent environments, notably as hallmarks of natural resource‐dependent economies. Practitioners regularly address what might be called ‘charismatic’ natural resources such as oil and other precious minerals to describe contestation over access and control of natural resources. Yet, where this focus exists, the political ecology of less economically valuable or ‘noncharismatic’ resources is thereby obscured. Thus, Nigeria's dependency on oil production has generated much scholarly attention with its unstable political economy described as a rentier state. In contrast, this paper draws on extensive field experience and knowledge about the country to assess in a preliminary manner some of the dimensions and ramifications of a less well known second‐tier natural resource commodity that is gaining attention as part of a possible national economic diversification strategy. Using the case of bitumen, a viscous hydrocarbon mainly used in road surfacing and roofing work, I assess the trajectory of this relatively overlooked resource, thereby opening a window onto the political ecology of a noncharismatic resource. In contrast to the ubiquitous violence in the oil‐based Niger Delta, I suggest that bitumen political ecologies, while also provoking political conflict and debate, nonetheless seem to being marked by new power dynamics that might augur a less violence prone path in terms of Nigeria's political economy of natural resource production. 相似文献
12.
Marc Askew 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》1998,19(2):130-150
In this paper I propose that spatially-informed and agency-centred treatments of prostitution as a practice can fruitfully highlight the moral and symbolic economies operating in the lives of women as they engage and disengage with prostitution in the tourist sex trade zones of Bangkok. By re-examining and re-contextualising the practices of prostitution in terms of interacting spatial/socio-cultural fields, we can gain more useful insights than heretofore obtained through a mono-dimensional political economy or gender-culture framework. We must accept that women sex workers are part of the geography of socio-economic transformation, responding to the centralisation and expansion of key sectors of the Thai economy. I conceptualise this broader geography as involving "oscillation" between urban and rural "places" (which represent key "fields" of value), and at the level of the city (and the tourist leisure infrastructure) as "movement" between different work sites and "arenas" of identity formation. Within this complex of circulation and engagement, women strategise to maximise what may be described as survival and status resources (conversion of income into cultural capital) aiming towards recovery of meaningful self-identity. 相似文献
13.
《Urban geography》2013,34(8):1141-1147
Shenzhen, China's first special economic zone (SEZ), not only heralds the essence and evolution of the PRC's earlier domestic reform and global integration, but also demonstrates how urban spaces are rapidly produced in a socialist economy undergoing market transformation. This note identifies three such spaces: an economic space of globalization; a social space of exclusion and contestation; and a political space of governance. 相似文献
14.
以山西省旅游收入与地区生产总值等经济统计指标为基础,通过构建旅游业依存度、贡献率和拉动率3个指标,从时间和空间2个维度对山西省旅游业对经济增长的拉动效应进行了测算。结果表明:从时间维度来看,2003—2014年山西省旅游业拉动效应逐渐增强,预测2020年旅游业依存度将达到79.5%;从空间维度来看,与周边省份相比,山西省旅游业拉动效应在2003—2014年间显著提高,并高于全国平均水平;以各市自身GDP为基数测算和分析,山西11个市旅游业拉动效应整体上势头强劲,但各市之间发展不均衡;以山西省全省GDP作为基数测算和分析,则各市旅游业拉动效应呈现出不同态势。 相似文献
15.
Women,Politics, Elections,and Citizenship 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
《The Journal of geography》2012,111(1):1-10
Abstract Significantly more women than men are registered voters in the United States, and a higher proportion of women voters actually cast ballots on election day. Yet the 106th Congress (1999-2001) includes only 56 women members, 12% of the total membership of the House and Senate. Likewise, women hold only 22% of the total seats in state legislatures. The purpose of this article is to examine this paradox. It first examines the history of the women's movement in the United States. It then turns to an evaluation of women's progress in gaining elected office. Finally it considers three primary obstacles to women gaining equitable representation: solidarity among women, political culture, and the single-member district system now employed in the United States. 相似文献
16.
ABSTRACT. Since the fall of the Communist government in 1989, Hungary's political monuments and historical shrines have undergone great change. Although popular attention focused on the removal of overtly political monuments, new shrines were also created, and forgotten memorials were restored. In a departure from earlier political eras, decisions about contested places are issuing from local authorities and private citizens, rather than from the central government. The result is a sometimes subtle rearrangement of public memorials and shrines that interprets the national past by drawing symbolic and spatial parallels between some historical events while rejecting connections among others. The meanings of events and places, particularly those linked to twentieth‐century wartime and civil upheavals, remain contested. 相似文献
17.
论城市化的空间工具效应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
人类发展从要素范式向系统范式转变将是必然趋势,不得不从"空间中的生产"转变为"空间的生产",以一个个规制性功效空间的构建规范现代社会,发挥着空间治理的作用,调控着人与自然的关系。城市和国家是人类进行空间治理最基本的两类功效空间范式,直接决定着相应社会系统的政治、经济行为,以及空间福利状态。城市是人类自行营造的物质空间和空间使役系统,是在时间、空间、物质、能量、信息、资本的有效整合下人类建构生存系统的一种基本空间范式,承载着复杂的政治、经济、文化与环境功能,形成了经济资本、政治生活、权力运作等交织在一起的具有多元意义的社会空间,发挥着空间管理与治理、规范空间行为、提供持续福利等功效。 相似文献
18.
空间既是一个生产要素也是生存的基础,“建构与充填空间”既是人类发展的目的也是发展的手段,科学的空间组织是人类社会可持续发展的基础,更是生态文明发展转向的关键,促进经济发展、文化传承和环境健康的持续增益是其基本出发点。本文系统阐释了人类进行经济社会空间组织的内涵和意义;分析了功效空间建构和空间经济社会行为组织与空间福利的关系,剖析了空间组织的经济、文化和环境三大增益效应的基本特征;提出了功效空间建构和级联系统营造是维系空间福利的两大空间工具,前者体现个体的功效,后者体现整体的效应。 相似文献
19.
Since the first modern shopping centre was built in the United States in the 1920s, shopping centres have gradually become representative patterns of economic growth and consumerism in the United States, and these patterns are now trending globally. Shopping centres have demonstrated tremendous development potential since their initial entry into China in the 1990s. Shanghai is the most economically prosperous city in China, and the development and evolution of its shopping centres reflect the trend in China's commercial real estate development. Therefore, based on the central-place and agglomeration economy theory, this paper quantitatively measures and analyses the spatial gravity, extending direction, agglomeration characteristics and hierarchical structure of Shanghai's shopping centres using GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and spatial analysis. Moreover, this paper analyses the dynamic mechanism of urban development and its patterns of centripetal and centrifugal movement. The results demonstrate the following. (1) The spatial gravity points are located in the districts of Huangpu, Luwan and Xuhui in the city centre and within the inner ring. In addition, there is a trend to be gradually near the middle ring, exhibiting an obvious tendency from the northeast to the southwest. (2) Shopping centres in Shanghai exhibit a clustered distribution in the centres of urban areas, which form numerous business districts that extend in the same direction. (3) The hot spot analysis is a very effective method for identifying the hierarchy of business circles. (4) Planning by the government is the most important external impetus, and commercial agglomeration is the internal force determining the spatial expansion of shopping centres. Additionally, urban transportation patterns have an obvious influence on the spatial morphology of shopping centres. (5) Over the last two decades, the spatial development of Shanghai's shopping centres has reached a balance between the centripetal and centrifugal forces. In other words, we have not observed a tendency towards suburbanization, which indicates that Shanghai's shopping centres are still in the early stages of development. Therefore, future shopping centres may be primarily located in the stretch or peripheral zones of the city. 相似文献
20.
《Urban geography》2013,34(8):708-721
Within the last two decades, an ostensibly new urban phenomenon—the edge city—has taken root in the U.S. metropolis. Rather than treating this sighting as an objective event to be empirically verified, the focus here is on the concept's discursive qualities. Edge city's symbolic thrust, I argue, is to resolve the ambivalence Americans have toward their cities. Ultimately, however, it fails, floundering on flawed representational tactics and a misreading of the actual dynamics of U.S. urbanization. Our urban ambivalence remains intact. 相似文献