共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 453 毫秒
1.
盐酸羟胺—柠檬酸体系提取土壤中的游离氧化铁 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
对盐酸羟胺柠檬酸体系（９５℃水浴加热）提取土壤中游离氧化铁的实验条件进行了研究。在所选的实验条件下,该体系对土壤中游离氧化铁的提取能力与常用的连二亚硫酸钠柠檬酸钠重碳酸钠（ＤＣＢ法）体系相当,但避免了ＤＣＢ法中引入Ｎａ２Ｓ２Ｏ４给随后分离和测定造成的沉淀、基体效应等各种弊端。方法的精密度较好,ＲＳＤ（ｎ＝６）为２．５％～３．０％。 相似文献
2.
研究了酚（ｐｈｅｎ）－Ｃｕ－水杨酸（Ｈ２ｓａｌ）和四乙基碘化铵（Ｅｔ４ＮＩ）的四元体系中微分电位溶出分析法（ＤＰＳＡ）测定痕量酚。在ｐＨ为７．０的介质中,ｐｈｅｎ－Ｃｕ－Ｈ２ｓａｌ的配合物抑制了Ｃｕ在玻炭电极上的还原富集,降低Ｃｕ的微分电位溶出峰（Δｄｔ／ｄＥ）,且０．４～２００μｇ／Ｌ的酚与Δｄｔ／ｄＥ呈线性关系。加入Ｅｔ４ＮＩ使检测灵敏度提高２．７５倍。天然水样经ＧＤＸ－５０２树脂吸附分离富集后,除去了吡啶、苯胺等物质的干扰。ＮａＯＨ洗脱,预电解富集３ｍｉｎ,酚的检出限为０．２μｇ／Ｌ;实验测定２０μｇ／Ｌ的酚,相对标准偏差为２．７％（ｎ＝１１）;标准加入回收率为８８．１０％～１１３．２０％。方法用于天然水中痕量酚的测定,结果与４－氨基安替比林分光光度法结果符合。 相似文献
3.
为探究压实黄土Q2在溶滤作用下可溶盐对强度的影响,开展了12种应力组合的溶滤试验,测定了不同溶滤时长的离子浓度、可溶盐量与极限正应力。试验结果表明,各离子浓度、可溶盐量及极限正应力均具阶段性减少的特点。应力组合中,溶滤应力水平s影响离子和可溶盐变化曲线的形式及滞后性, 影响溶盐曲线的平滑度,而最终溶盐残余量与s和 均呈正相关。为衡量不同 时的溶盐溶解差异,定义了平均差异性指标 ,其值与s呈正比。为评价溶滤进程,将各溶滤阶段溶盐相对变化量定义为溶盐比 ,其值小于1%时判定溶滤进程结束。在强度方面,极限正应力 随相对可溶盐量 的减少而减小,s决定弱化初期的剧烈程度,不同围压时 值的差异性随s的增大而减弱。 的这3种弱化特性表明,溶滤变形及强度弱化是可溶盐和应力组合共同作用的结果。最后,建立了考虑可溶盐与应力组合影响的强度弱化公式。 相似文献
4.
经萃取分离富集后，在ｐＨ２．６的苯二甲酸氢钾ＨＣｌ介质中，用电流氧化溶出计时电位法测定地质物料中痕量Ｉｎ。方法检出限为０．０１μｇ／ｇ，标样中Ｉｎ的含量为０．１０μｇ／ｇ时的方法精密度（ＲＳＤ，ｎ＝１１）为８．７６％，加标回收率为９８％～１０５％。应用此方法测定了国家一级地球化学标准参考物质（ＧＳＲ１～６，ＧＳＳ１～８，ＧＳＤ９～１２）中的痕量Ｉｎ，获得了较为满意的测定结果 相似文献
5.
《矿物学报》2017,(4)
硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)分解硫酸盐矿物对C、S、Fe、Sr、Ba等元素的循环起着重要制约作用,二者相互作用机制的阐明具有重要的矿物学、地球化学及地质微生物学意义。通过设计厌氧实验,本文探讨了SRB与硬石膏的作用过程及机理。结果表明,较之无菌体系,SRB体系中氧化还原电位(EORP)显著降低;可挥发性硫(AVS)与蛋白质浓度则不断增大;硬石膏中总溶出硫含量增加;硬石膏表面SRB粘附位置出现明显溶蚀现象。分析表明SRB通过两种机制促进硬石膏分解:SRB还原代谢消耗溶解态SO42-,降低SO42-浓度,进而促使硬石膏持续溶解;SRB粘附于硬石膏表面,其自身及代谢产物通过络合硬石膏中的Ca加速矿物分解,此种机制在前人的研究中被普遍忽略,而通过此机制SRB亦可促进难溶硫酸盐(天青石、重晶石等)及铁氧化物的溶解,进而制约相关元素的地球化学行为。 相似文献
6.
7.
报道用微分电位溶出分析法测定配合物在玻炭电极上氧化溶出电位与配位体浓度之间的关系，研究配合物的逐级稳定常数和参与形成配合物的配位体数目。研究了Ｃｕ（Ｈ２Ｓａｌ）２＋２和Ｃｄ（ＳＣＮ）２－４配合物体系，测定结果与文献［３，４］报道结果基本吻合 相似文献
8.
应用界面化学理论与实验方法分析了膨润土在酸性水溶液中的溶解反应特征,进而探讨其反应机理。膨润土在酸性水溶液中的溶解受到矿物表面吸附、离子交换和解吸附等界面化学过程的制约,与溶液中的酸度、反应时间及温度有关。处于粘土结构单元中不同位置的离子溶解趋势不同。探讨了膨润土在不同条件下Ｃａ２＋、Ｍｇ２＋、Ｆｅ３＋、Ａｌ３＋溶出的特征,Ｃａ２＋的溶解是吸附控制过程,Ｍｇ２＋、Ｆｅ３＋、Ａｌ３＋是吸附和反应控制的综合结果。 相似文献
9.
报道用微分电位溶出分析法测定配合物在玻炭电极上氧化溶出电位与配位体浓度之间的关系，研究配合物有逐级稳定常数和参与形成配合物的配位体数目，研究了Ｃｕ（Ｈ２Ｓａｌ）＾２＋２和Ｃｄ（ＳＣＮ）＾２－４配合物体系，测定结果与文献（３，４）报道结果基本吻合。 相似文献
10.
计时电位溶出法同时测定样品中铜和铋 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
探讨了以预镀汞膜破碳电极为工作电极,同时测定锑类金属及其氧化物和硫化物中铜、铋的计时电位溶出法的适宜条件;试验了酸介质和常见元素对测定的影响;选择了仪器的最佳工作条件。结果表明,在０．１ｍｏｌ／ＬＨＣ１－０．０１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ抗坏血酸底液中,相对饱和氯化钾甘汞电极,铜与铋的溶出峰电位分别为－０．２０Ｖ和－０．１０Ｖ,分辨效果较好。在测定条件下,铜和铋的线性范围分别为０～３００ｕｇ／Ｌ和０～８０ｕｇ／Ｌ 相似文献
11.
S.K. Mishra 《International Journal of Mineral Processing》1978,5(1):69-83
Microelectrophoresis technique was used to study the electrokinetic properties of some apatites and calcite. The results indicate that similar to oxide minerals, H+ and OH? ions function as potential-determining ions for apatite and calcite. However, because of their variable compositions, the apatites from different deposits showed different i.e.p. values ranging from pH 3.5 to 6.7, while the i.e.p. of calcite occurred at pH 8.2.Study of the effect of lattice-forming ions on the zeta potential indicates that calcium ions produce specific ionic adsorption effects on apatites, whereas they are potential-determining ions for calcite. On the other hand, as expected, phosphate and carbonate ions function as potential-determining ions for apatite and calcite, respectively.The experimental data suggest that the zeta potential of apatite is a function of mineral—water contact time. The degree of variation in zeta-potential values appears to be influenced by the electrolytic environment of the apatite suspension. 相似文献
12.
Hallimond tube flotation experiments have been carried out on the two calcium minerals scheelite and calcite using dodecylammonium chloride as collector. The main variables studied were the calcium ion concentration and the pH.In the case of scheelite, addition of calcium chloride markedly lowered the flotation recovery. Recovery was also lowered when the pH was reduced below about 10. Since it is known that the zeta potential of scheelite is almost independent of pH this confirms that co-adsorption of un-ionized amine is necessary for good flotation. Other un-ionized long-chain molecules can replace the amine; thus it was shown that excellent flotation can be obtained event at about pH 7 by adding dodecanol together with dodecylammonium chloride. With the completely ionic trimethyldodecylammonium chloride recoveries were poor and were independent of pH.In the case of calcite, calcium chloride had no immediate effect on flotation recovery, but at low collector concentrations marked depression occurred after many hours standing in the presence of calcium ions. The effect of pH on flotation of calcite was anomalous and there appear to be two pH regions in which recoveries are high.The results are discussed and attention is drawn to the need for more thorough studies of the calcium carbonate/water interface. 相似文献
13.
本文提出了在pH9的0.10mol/L NH_3·H_2O-0.23mol/L NH_4Cl缓冲溶液中,用EDTMP滴定Zn,以Zn在交流示波极谱dE/dt-E曲线上切口消失直接指示终点。所研究的方法已用于测定一些铅锌矿和锌铝合金中的Zn,结果满意。Zn量分析范围为0.900—12.00mg,方法回收率为98.65—101.3％。对于含Zn xx％的试样分析10次相对标准偏差为0.26—1.27％。 相似文献
14.
Magnesium/calcium, Sr/Ca, and Na/Ca atom ratios were determined in the calcite and aragonite regions of Mytilus edulis shells which were grown in semi-artificial ‘seawater’ solutions having varying Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca, and Na/Ca ratios. These ratios were measured by instrumental neutron activation, atomic absorption, and electron microprobe analytical techniques. Strontium/calcium ratios in both calcite and aragonite were linearly proportional to solution Sr/Ca ratios. Magnesium/calcium ratios in calcite increased exponentially when solution Mg/Ca ratios were raised above the normal seawater ratio; whereas in aragonite, Mg/Ca ratios increased linearly with increases in solution Mg/Ca ratios. Sodium/calcium and sulfur/calcium ratios in calcite covaried with Mg/Ga solution ratios. Conversely, in aragonite, Na/Ca ratios varied linearly with solution Na/Ca ratios.Magnesium is known to inhibit calcite precipitation at its normal seawater concentration. We infer from the results of the work reported here that Mytilus edulis controls the Mg activity of the outer extrapallial fluid, thus facilitating the precipitation of calcitic shell. Increases in sulfur content suggest that changes in shell organic matrix content occur as a result of environmental stress. Certain increases in Mg content may also be correlated to stress. Sodium/calcium variations, and their absolute amounts in calcite and aragonite, are best explained by assuming that a substantial amount of Na is adsorbed on the calcium carbonate crystal surface. Strontium/calcium ratios show more promise than either Mg/Ca or Na/Ca ratios as seawater paleochemistry indicators, because the Sr/Ca distribution coefficients for both aragonite and calcite are independent of seawater Ca and Sr concentrations. 相似文献
15.
Encarnación Ruiz-Agudo Christine V. Putnis Andrew Putnis 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2011,75(13):3803-3814
The mechanisms by which background electrolytes modify the kinetics of non-equivalent step propagation during calcite growth were investigated using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), at constant driving force and solution stoichiometry. Our results suggest that the acute step spreading rate is controlled by kink-site nucleation and, ultimately, by the dehydration of surface sites, while the velocity of obtuse step advancement is mainly determined by hydration of calcium ions in solution. According to our results, kink nucleation at acute steps could be promoted by carbonate-assisted calcium attachment. The different sensitivity of obtuse and acute step propagation kinetics to cation and surface hydration could be the origin of the reversed geometries of calcite growth hillocks (i.e., rate of obtuse step spreading < rate of acute step spreading) observed in concentrated (ionic strength, IS = 0.1) KCl and CsCl solutions. At low IS (0.02), ion-specific effects seem to be mainly associated with changes in the solvation environment of calcium ions in solution. With increasing electrolyte concentration, the stabilization of surface water by weakly paired salts appears to become increasingly important in determining step spreading rate. At high ionic strength (IS = 0.1), overall calcite growth rates increased with increasing hydration of calcium in solution (i.e., decreasing ion pairing of background electrolytes for sodium-bearing salts) and with decreasing hydration of the carbonate surface site (i.e., increasing ion pairing for chloride-bearing salts). Changes in growth hillock morphology were observed in the presence of Li+, F− and , and can be interpreted as the result of the stabilization of polar surfaces due to increased ion hydration. These results increase our ability to predict crystal reactivity in natural fluids which contain significant amounts of solutes. 相似文献
16.
夏季黄海冷水团海域的丙烯酸分布与海洋环境因子和叶绿素a变化之间的关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
海水中主要含硫化合物β-二甲基巯基丙酸内盐(DMSP)降解可产生丙烯酸(AA)和活性气体二甲基硫(DMS)。2011年8月对黄海冷水团海域的AA及相关参量的分布特征进行了研究。结果表明,该海域表层海水中AA的浓度为0~0.208μmol/L,平均值为(0.081±0.075)μmol/L。AA的高值区出现在海域的东南部,可能是受到长江冲淡水的影响。AA的浓度总体上呈现出由南到北递增的趋势,与Chl-a较为一致,表明该海域的AA主要是由DMSP裂解产生的。表层海水中AA与温度表现出明显的负相关性。AA的垂直分布表现为:中层底层表层,这可能是产生AA的浮游植物与消耗AA的细菌共同作用的结果。海域中AA浓度与DMSP或DMS无明显的相关性。AA浓度远高于DMS,AA/DMS平均为106∶1,初步估算出DMSP降解产生的AA约为66.5%。AA/Chl-a平均为126.6 mmol/g,比DMSP/Chl-a高1个数量级,比DMS/Chl-a高2个数量级。 相似文献
17.
《Applied Geochemistry》1988,3(5):549-556
Understanding the factors which affect the precipitation of calcium carbonate is important to the study of most natural waters. The effect of blends of precipitation inhibitors on calcium carbonate nucleation is investigated via a new test apparatus. Results indicate that the behavior of mixed inhibitors at minimum concentration levels is strictly additive, as predicted theoretically. The potential existence of a “super effective” inhibitor in nature or in industry is therefore precluded; this may have significant consequences for water-processing industries. The possibility of extending the upper limit of inhibitor effectiveness, imposed by the solubility of the calcium-inhibitor salts, through the use of mixed inhibitors is discussed. It is also possible that the notion of additive effects of mixed inhibitors may be valid in other systems, such as geochemical environments, potable water treatment systems, and industrial waters in which naturally occurring calcium carbonate inhibitors exist. 相似文献
18.
Marwan Alkattan Eric H. Oelkers Jean-Louis Dandurand Jacques Schott 《Chemical Geology》2002,190(1-4):291-302
Dissolution rates of single calcite crystals were determined from sample weight loss using free-drift rotating disk techniques. Experiments were performed at 25 °C in aqueous HCl solutions over the bulk solution pH range −1 to 3 and in the presence of trace concentrations of aqueous NaPO3 and MgCl2. These salts were chosen for this study because aqueous magnesium and phosphate are known to strongly inhibit calcite dissolution at neutral to basic pH. Reactive solutions were undersaturated with respect to possible secondary phases. Neither an inhibition or enhancement of calcite dissolution rates was observed in the presence of aqueous MgCl2 at pH 1 and 3. The presence of trace quantities of NaPO3, which dissociates in solution to Na+ and H2PO4−, decreased the overall calcite dissolution rate at pH≤2. This contrasting behavior could be attributed to the different adsorption behavior of these dissolved species. As calcite surfaces are positively charged in acidic solutions, aqueous Mg2+ may not adsorb, whereas aqueous phosphate, present as either the anion H2PO4− or the neutral species H3PO40, readily adsorbs on calcite surfaces leading to significant dissolution inhibition. 相似文献
19.
Phosphorus retention in calcareous soils and the effect of organic matter on its mobility 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Ray von Wandruszka 《Geochemical transactions》2006,7(1):6-8
A survey of the interactions between phosphorus (P) species and the components of calcareous soils shows that both surface
reactions and precipitation take place, especially in the presence of calcite and limestone. The principal products of these
reactions are dicalcium phosphate and octacalcium phosphate, which may interconvert after formation. The role of calcium carbonate
in P retention by calcareous soils is, however, significant only at relatively high P concentrations – non-carbonate clays
play a more important part at lower concentrations. In the presence of iron oxide particles, occlusion of P frequently occurs
in these bodies, especially with forms of the element that are pedogenic in origin. Progressive mineralization and immobilization,
often biological in nature, are generally observed when P is added as a fertilizer. 相似文献
20.
兰州市取暖期可吸入颗粒物中单颗粒矿物组成特征 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
为研究兰州市2005年冬季大气可吸入颗粒物(PM10)中单颗粒的矿物组成,用能谱扫描电镜识别和统计了兰州市区(东方红广场)和郊区(榆中县)两个采样点的单矿物颗粒。结果在市区样品中识别出方解石、伊/蒙混层、石英、斜长石、伊利石、石膏、绿泥石、高岭石、浊沸石和钾长石等21种矿物,前7种占统计总量的75%以上;郊区样品中识别出20种矿物,以方解石、石英、伊利石、绿泥石、斜长石和伊/蒙混层为主(占70%以上),与市区相比缺少钾石膏、金红石和水铝酸钙而增加了硫酸镁和磷灰石。总体来看,大气PM10中的矿物颗粒可分为粘土类、长石类、碳酸盐类、硫酸盐类、氧化物类和其他六类,以粘土类和碳酸盐类矿物为主(约占60%);冬季市区颗粒物表面的“硫化”现象较郊区严重;这些矿物颗粒主要来自地表土,人为排放和大气中二次化学反应生成的矿物的贡献较小。 相似文献