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1.
Coupled Modeling of Temperature Distribution and Evolution in Cemented Tailings Backfill Structures that Contain Mineral Admixtures 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Cemented paste backfill (CPB, a mixture of tailings, water and binder) is widely utilized to fill underground mine voids. To achieve a good, economical performance, one approach is to proportionally use mineral admixtures such as fly ash and slag as partial substitutes for Portland cement. Binder hydration is one of the most significant factors that can generate heat within hydrating CPB structures, which in turn, influences the mechanical and hydraulic properties of CPB, as well as the pore structure within CPB. However, the temperature evolution due to the hydration of Portland cement that contains fly ash or slag is different from that of hydration with solely Portland cement. Hence, in consideration of the heat generated by both binder hydration and transferred between CPB and its surrounding media, a numerical model is developed to predict and determine the temperature development within CPB that contains mineral admixtures. After that, data from field and laboratory studies are employed to validate the developed model. The validation results demonstrate a good consistency between the model and the field and laboratory studies. Consequently, the proposed model is applied to simulate and determine the temperature evolution with time via mineral admixtures, binder content, initial rock and CPB temperatures, stope geometry, backfilling rate, curing time and backfilling strategy. The obtained results will contribute to better designs and preparation of CPB mixtures, as well as predict the temperature distribution within CPB structures. 相似文献
2.
地聚物胶凝材料能够替代水泥基胶凝材料作为固化剂应用于狭窄肥槽回填等工程问题中,有效降低水泥生产过程中的污染及能耗,但目前对于流态地聚物固化土胶凝材料的研究较少。采用3种新型绿色胶凝材料联合碱激发剂固化工程渣土形成流态地聚物固化土,通过对比其无侧限抗压强度,探究每种胶凝材料对于固化土强度特性的影响,同时建立强度预测模型,分析不同因素对于强度的影响程度。研究结果表明：固化土的强度随着碱激发剂模数的增加先提高后降低;固化土强度随着高炉矿渣（GGBS）、粉煤灰、稻壳灰掺量的增加均呈上升趋势,随着稻壳灰粒径的增长呈下降趋势;碱激发剂模数增至1.2、GGBS掺量增至10%、粉煤灰掺量增至8%和稻壳灰掺量增至11%时,固化土强度提升最为显著;强度预测模型预测结果的平均相对误差仅为5.57%,预测结果较为精准;预测模型中各层权值的计算结果表明养护龄期对于固化土强度影响最大,稻壳灰粒径影响程度最小。研究结果可以为固化土在实际工程的应用提供理论支持。 相似文献
3.
The production and utilization of coal is based on well-proven and widely used technologies. Fly ash, a coal combustion byproduct,
has potential to produce a composite material with controlled and superior properties. The major challenges with the production
of fly ash are in its huge land coverage, adverse impact on environment etc. It puts pressure on the available land particularly
in a densely populated country like India. In India the ash utilization percentage has not been very encouraging in spite
of many attempts. Stabilization of fly ash is one of the methods to transfer the waste material into a safe construction material.
This investigation is a step in that direction. This paper presents the results of an investigation on compressive strength
and bearing ratio characteristics of surface coal mine overburden material and fly ash mixes stabilized with lime for coal
mine haul road construction. Tests were performed with different percentages of lime (2, 3, 6 and 9%). The effects of lime
content and curing period on the bearing ratio and tensile strength characteristics of the stabilized overburden and fly ash
mixes are highlighted. Unconfined compressive strength test results cured for 7, 28 and 56 days are presented to develop correlation
between different tensile strengths and unconfined compressive strength. Empirical models are developed to estimate bearing
ratio and tensile strength of mine overburden–fly ash–quick lime mixtures from unconfined compressive strength test results. 相似文献
4.
Solid backfill mining has apparent technical advantages in extracting coal resource under sensitive surface structures such as buildings and roads; meanwhile, as an effective method of disposing mining wastes, it works well in solving some environmental problems caused by mining activities. In addition, the controlling effect of solid backfill mining is directly related to the compaction characteristic of backfilling materials. The present study aims to modify the backfilling materials by assessing the effect of binders (cement, fly ash, and lime) on the compaction characteristic of granulated gangue backfilling materials. The compaction test was performed with rock mechanic test system equipped with a self-made circular cylinder apparatus. From the results obtained, cement is not the suitable binder for modifying the gangues backfilling materials, while fly ash or lime, when the dosage is up to 20 wt%, is beneficial to the compaction characteristic of backfilling materials. The relationship between strain behavior and micro-structure of backfilling materials was investigated by SEM and the effect of fly ash or lime on the strain behavior of backfilling materials could be associated with its cementation and gap-filling effect. 相似文献
5.
粉煤灰与生石灰加固软土的室内试验研究 总被引：20，自引：5，他引：15
粉煤灰是一种工业废弃物,与生石灰一样均可用来加固软土地基。笔者进行了粉煤灰与生石灰加固土的室内配方试验,分别将水泥或生石灰与粉煤灰按照不同的比例干拌均匀后,再与不同含水量的软土人工拌和均匀,测定了不同龄期的无侧限抗压强度;分析了石灰加固土强度与生石灰掺入比和龄期的关系及其压缩系数、压缩模量等的变化。并进一步分析了粉煤灰的加固机理,旨在为其进一步的研究和工程应用提供参考。 相似文献
6.
混凝土地下连续墙具有施工方便、质量可靠、抗渗性好等优点，在水利水电、基坑支护、地铁等防渗工程中广泛应用，所用材料既有塑性混凝土，也有刚性混凝土。在内蒙古某露天煤矿截水帷幕工程中，针对其工程地质与水文地质特征，研发一种低强度（8~10 MPa）抗渗（P6级）混凝土作为墙体浇筑材料，该混凝土水胶比值为0.68，砂率为45%，1 m3混凝土中各原材料质量分别为:水泥180 kg，粉煤灰200 kg，膨润土20 kg，砂720 kg，石子880 kg。分析了其渗透与抗渗机理，并通过钻孔取心和围井抽水试验对其效果进行了验证。试验结果表明:混凝土墙体浇筑完整、连续，抗压强度达8.3 MPa，渗透系数达8.67×10-7 cm/s。工程实施后矿坑疏排水量显著减少，该措施为矿区水资源及矿坑周边草原植被等生态环境保护奠定了基础。 相似文献
7.
极软岩巷道锚注加固注浆材料研究与应用 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
锚注加固是一种理想的改善软岩巷道的围岩承载性能的措施。在实验室对粉煤灰-水泥锚注加固注浆材料的流动性、析水性及抗压强度进行了试验研究,找出了注浆材料的适宜配比,即粉煤灰掺量在20 %以下,水灰比为0.65～0.70,并在新集三矿极软岩巷道修复加固中进行了应用。 相似文献
8.
煤矿采空区漏风是引发煤火灾害的重要原因,传统充填堵漏材料易干裂,流动性差,成本高,因此研发出有效充填封堵漏风通道的新型材料十分必要。通过单因素变量法,以材料流动度、初凝时间、抗压强度为指标进行配比优选,研发出大掺量粉煤灰无机固化泡沫充填堵漏新材料。同时,利用红外光谱、X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜表征材料的水化过程。结果表明∶基于泡沫均匀度、发泡倍数、半衰期及析水率等参数,优选出十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)∶辛癸基葡糖苷(APG)=1∶1,黄原胶(XG)∶瓜尔胶(GG)=1∶1的水基泡沫。研发的大掺量粉煤灰无机固化泡沫,其初凝时间与粉煤灰掺量、水灰比、泡沫掺量成正比;流动度与水灰比成正比,与粉煤灰掺量成反比,随泡沫掺量增加先上升后缓慢降低;抗压强度随粉煤灰掺量增加呈先增加后减小趋势,与水灰比和泡沫掺量呈反比关系。综合评价指标确定粉煤灰掺量为60%、水灰比为0.6、泡沫与复合浆液体积比为1∶1时,材料流动度好,为15.9 cm,初凝时间适中,为5 h,抗压强度高,28 d达到1.5 MPa。该材料的水化产物是钙矾石(AFT)以及C-S-H凝胶,由水泥先发生水化反应生成Ca(OH)2,后与粉煤灰反应生... 相似文献
9.
Haifang Wen Justin Warner Tuncer Edil Gingan Wang 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2010,28(4):405-411
In-place recycling of asphalt pavement materials is a sustainable rehabilitation method. Existing hot-mix asphalt (HMA) layer
is pulverized and blended with some or the entire base course and possibly some subgrade to form a broadly graded material
referred to as recycled pavement material (RPM). The RPM is then compacted as the new base course and overlaid by a new layer
of HMA. In some occasions, additives are added to increase the strength of RPM base course, such as cement, emulsion, fly
ash. It is plausible to utilize high calcium high carbon fly ash, as the high level of carbon prevents fly ash from being
used in concrete. A series of laboratory tests were conducted to evaluate the performance of these materials, including crushed
aggregate, untreated RPM, and treated RPM with high carbon fly ash. The tests included compaction, California Bearing Ratio,
resilient modulus, and unconfined compressive strength for treated RPM. The engineering properties of these materials were
compared. 相似文献
10.
针对不同养护龄期对于粉煤灰水泥土抗剪强度影响的问题,采用不固结不排水三轴剪切试验从宏观力学的角度分析养护龄期对粉煤灰水泥土的影响,结合SEM试验和XRD试验从微观角度分析试样内部结构与物质成分。试验结果表明:从宏观角度分析,粉煤灰水泥土的应力-应变曲线呈现应变软化型,试样的抗剪强度随养护龄期的增加逐渐增大且28 d的抗剪强度最大,同时,由于试样内部各物质之间的反应随养护龄期的增加而持续进行,龄期越长试样内部各物质之间的胶结作用越强,致使试样的内摩擦角和黏聚力随养护龄期逐渐增大;从微观角度分析,试样内部生成的结晶物质(钙矾石)与胶凝物质(C-S-H凝胶)等填充试样内部的大孔隙且相互黏结,导致试样愈加密实,抗剪强度增大。本文旨在为粉煤灰等材料固化黄土的抗剪强度提供试验依据,为粉煤灰等工业副产品在工程中的应用提供参考,对粉煤灰的利用和环境保护具有参考意义。 相似文献
11.
Swelling behavior of expansive soil has always created problems in the field of geotechnical engineering. Generally, the method used to assess the swelling potential of expansive soil from its plasticity index, shrinkage limit and colloidal content. Alternative way to evaluate swelling behavior is from its expansive index (EI) and swelling pressure value. The present study investigates the reduction of EI and swelling pressure for kaolinite and bentonite clay when mixed with various percentages of Ottawa sand and Class C fly ash. The percentages of Ottawa sand and Class C fly ash used were 0–50 % by weight. The results show that there is a significant reduction in the swelling properties of expansive soil with the addition of Ottawa sand and Class C fly ash. The reduction in EI ranged approximately from 10 to 50 and 4 to 49 % for kaolinite and bentonite clay, respectively. Also the maximum swelling pressure of kaolinite and bentonite clay decreased approximately 93 and 64 %, respectively with the addition of various percentages of Ottawa sand and Class C fly ash. Standard index properties test viz., liquid limit, plastic limit and linear shrinkage test were conducted to see the characteristics of expansive soil when mixed with less expansive sand and fly ash. Also, for these expansive soils one dimensional consolidation test have been conducted with sand and fly ash mixtures and the results were compared with pure kaolinite and bentonite clay. 相似文献
12.
某露天煤矿为减少矿坑疏排水量，拟通过施工截水帷幕以切断矿坑北侧河流补给通道。结合现场施工条件，在架空高压线等特殊施工区域采用钻孔咬合桩帷幕。施工区砂卵石层厚度达45 m，含水层渗透系数达100 m/d，水力梯度0.033，地下水温长期维持在5℃，为保证咬合桩在深厚砂卵石层和低温动水条件下快速成桩，研制出一种以粉煤灰为主、水泥和粉煤灰添加剂为辅的混合防渗材料，并开展该材料的凝结时间、结石率、流动度、抗渗性能等多项参数测试。结果表明:研发材料最优配比为水灰比0.7︰1.0、水泥掺量（质量占比）40%、粉煤灰掺量60%、粉煤灰激发剂掺量2%，在5℃低温环境下凝结时间102 h，结石率94.6%、流动度23 cm，3 d强度1.06 MPa、90 d强度11.65 MPa、渗透系数低至8.61×10-8 cm/s。通过取心验证，成桩质量符合要求，截水效果好，矿坑疏排水量显著减少。该材料具有低价环保、抗渗性好等优点，可在类似工程中推广应用。 相似文献
13.
针对高堆石坝坝体变形大且持续时间长的问题,提出了一种提高堆石体压缩模量、减缓流变变形的方法,即利用易流动、后期硬化的高掺粉煤灰水泥砂浆（简称复合浆液）在堆石体摊铺过程中充填堆石体孔隙,在施工碾压的基础上进一步减小堆石体孔隙率。首先,通过观测复合浆液在透明玻璃球中的流动性态,研究不同配比与掺量对复合浆液流动特性的影响;然后,通过侧限压缩和流变试验,研究掺复合浆液堆石料的压缩模量、流变变形的变化规律。试验结果表明：复合浆液在颗粒体孔隙中的流动性能与粉煤灰掺比、水胶比、砂粒最大粒径以及掺量有关;复合浆液的掺入能有效提高堆石料压缩模量,减少流变变形,且对于软岩料、级配不良料效果更为明显;复合浆液在堆石料中主要起到了充填、胶结与润滑作用。 相似文献
14.
注浆加固是解决岛礁钙质砂地基不均匀沉降问题的有效措施之一。根据钙质砂特性,选用超细硅酸盐水泥作为主体胶凝成分,纳米硅溶胶、粉煤灰和硫酸钙晶须作为辅料,依据单因素试验和正交试验的要求,制备了不同配比的注浆材料,测试了其凝结时间和相应固结体的力学性能。采用响应曲面法对试验结果进行模拟,探究各组分对各性能指标的影响,确定注浆材料最优配比。结果表明：将3种辅料按适当比例单独加入浆材中,均可提高不同龄期钙质砂固结体的抗压强度;当水泥掺量固定时,水灰比是影响浆液凝结时间和固结体强度的最主要因素;与水泥浆液相比,以最佳配比掺入辅料配制的注浆浆液能够更好地填充在钙质砂颗粒间,从而改变固结体的密实性,使其抗压强度明显增长。研究成果可为增强钙质砂地基注浆加固效果提供参考。 相似文献
15.
Reduction of surface subsidence risk by fly ash exploitation as filling material in deep mining areas 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
The possibility of filling empty underground spaces, which exist owing to the extraction of mineral raw materials, with fly
ash and cement fly ash mixes has been studied for the purpose of reducing the impact of deep mining on the surface. The method
of physical modelling was used to study the behaviour of fly ash mixes deposited in extracted mine spaces. The models were
constructed for two different geometries of underground extracted mine spaces: into cavities of the type of large slits created
in the course of mining in steeply lode deposits without subsequently filling the empty space and in vertical shafts of rectangular
or circular cross-section with horizontal side headings that have partly caved in due to mine shocks or other seismic events. 相似文献
16.
随季节性变化的冻融循环作用对土体结构有显著的影响。为降低盐渍土对环境温度的敏感性并将其应用于工程中,提出以石灰、粉煤灰和改性聚乙烯醇(MPA)为固化材料的联合固化方法。先通过无侧限抗压强度(UCS)和微观扫描试验评价固化效果,构建固化材料的参数范围,再将抗剪强度(黏聚力和内摩擦角)与正交试验相结合,分析各因素的影响,明确最佳组合参数。结果表明:石灰+粉煤灰+MPA联合固化有助于提高盐渍土的强度,联合固化盐渍土的UCS为1 130.25 kPa,是盐渍土(218 k Pa)的5.18倍;联合固化盐渍土的冻融强度满足工程规范(JTG 3430-2020)要求。冻融循环作用下联合固化盐渍土的UCS稳定值为700k Pa,且3次循环后的波动范围在5%左右。适宜配比下联合固化盐渍土的抗剪强度(黏聚力和内摩擦角)在3次冻融循环后为208.2 kPa和38.56°。各因素的敏感性由高到低依次为养护时间、石灰掺量、MPA掺量、干密度、含盐量和冻融循环次数,随石灰、粉煤灰和MPA掺量的增加,联合固化盐渍土强度增大并趋于稳定,固化参数的优化可有效弱化冻融作用对滨海盐渍土的影响。结合抗压及抗剪强度试验结果,... 相似文献
17.
高钙粉煤灰加固促淤地基机理和性状试验研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
结合高钙粉煤灰与上海浦东国际机场工期促淤软土拌和后加固土体的室内外试验,指出高钙粉煤灰足加固促淤软土地基的一种新型材料。基于在不同掺灰量、不同游离氧化钙含量和添加不同激发剂情形下拌和灰土的室内物理力学性能试验,探讨了高钙粉煤灰加固促淤软土的固化机理和工程特性,加固后土体在无侧限抗压强度、变形、渗透特性以及抗液化能力等方面均有明显改善,指出灰土强度与掺灰量、土体改性激发剂的品种和数量以及养护龄期有关,高钙灰与土体拌和后自膨胀特性下降为12％,消除了高钙灰的体积不稳定问题。现场进行粉喷桩加固软土地基试验表明,复合软土地基的极限承载力达到240kPa以上,可以替代水泥土搅拌桩,桩间土体强度和变形也得到改善。加固场地地下水质分析表明,高钙灰加固促淤软土地基不会影响地下水质和环境。 相似文献
18.
Deformation modulus of fly ash is one of the most important mechanical properties generally used in different design problems
and also as an input parameter to sophisticated numerical techniques employed to assess the response of different structures
resting on fly ash fill or embankment made of fly ash. Deformation modulus is usually expressed in terms of compressive strength.
This paper presents the deformation modulus of fly ash modified with lime alone or in combination with gypsum at different
strain levels. The values of deformation modulus obtained from both unconfined compression test and unconsolidated undrained
triaxial test results are presented herein. The specimens for unconfined compression test and for undrained triaxial tests
were cured up to 90 and 28 days, respectively. The effects of addition of lime (4–10%) and gypsum (0.5 and 1.0%) on the deformation
modulus of class F fly ash are highlighted. With addition of lime and gypsum, the class F fly ash achieved the deformation
modulus in the range of 190 MPa in UCS test and up to 300 MPa in triaxial test specimens tested under all round pressure of
0.4 MPa. Based on the present test results empirical relationships are developed to estimate deformation modulus of modified
fly ash from unconfined compressive strength and relationships between initial tangent modulus and secant modulus at different
strain levels are also developed. 相似文献
19.
Determination of crushing strength of granular material is very important for assessing its suitability in various engineering
and industrial applications. Laboratory investigations that would yield stress–strain behaviour, and hence, crushing strength
of the granular material are extremely cumbersome and time consuming. Also, results obtained from these experiments get influenced
by the aspect ratio of the sample, its density, strain rate, size and shape of the grains etc. These difficulties can be overcome
by developing a generalized mathematical model, which is primarily based on the physical properties of the granular material
such as particle-size and specific gravity, for estimating its crushing strength. With this in view, experiments were conducted
on different types of granular materials such as sands, cenospheres (which are found in fly ash and bottom ash) and glass
beads, and the results were used for developing such a model. Details of the testing methodology adopted to achieve this are
also presented in this paper and validation of the proposed model has been done based on the experimental results and the
results reported in the literature. 相似文献
20.
粉煤灰是火电厂燃煤的副产品,如何处理利用是国内外十分关注的问题。目前,解决这一问题的途径很多,利用粉煤灰进行筑坝或作为基础填筑材料是比较有效的消纳方法。粉煤灰是一种轻质、多孔松散体,在许多方面具有比较优越的工程性能,但因为纯的粉煤灰缺少必要的凝聚力,对水的反映较为敏感,从而对工程的安全运行造成不利影响。在粉煤灰中掺合不同量的黏土有望改善粉煤灰的工程性能,对不同掺土量粉煤灰力学特性的研究有助于更好促进粉煤灰的工程应用。以咸阳渭河电厂粉煤灰为研究对象,对其掺入不同比例的黄土掺合形成掺土粉煤灰,通过击实试验、压缩试验、直剪试验和三轴试验等研究不同掺土量下粉煤灰的工程特性,得到不同掺土量对粉煤灰变形及强度特性的影响规律,为在工程中有效利用粉煤灰,改善其工程性质提供参考。 相似文献