共查询到17条相似文献，搜索用时 140 毫秒
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大地测量中常存在一些先验不等式约束信息,充分利用它们可以保证参数解的唯一性和稳定性。然而,现有的不等式约束平差算法主要是基于优化理论,算法通常比较复杂,需要选取有效约束或建立罚函数。在最小二乘平差准则基础上,把不等式约束看成是一个可行域,借助Fisher函数在可行域中快速搜索使误差平方和达到最小的最优解,推导出了可行解为最优解的充分必要条件。建立了基于Wolfe-Powell算法的非精确快速搜索算法,从而减小了搜索算法的计算量,得到了一种新的不等式约束平差计算方法。该算法的平差准则与最小二乘平差准则一致,不需要矩阵求逆运算,可适用于维数较大的平差问题解算。 相似文献
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正交距离最小二乘和加权整体最小二乘是解自变量含误差拟合问题的两种独立准则。加权整体最小二乘与正交距离最小二乘不同,它不考虑测量点与拟合点之间的连线垂直于拟合对象的几何信息,不能确保测量点到拟合对象的距离的平方和为极小值。针对该问题,本文将正交几何信息作为约束条件融入加权整体最小二乘,提出一种约束方程带有误差改正数的非线性等式约束整体最小二乘平差法。首先,把加权整体最小二乘平差的函数式看作是非线性方程,连同正交几何约束方程一并线性化,得到线性的平差函数方程;然后,采用拉格朗日乘数法推导其参数估计及精度评定公式,并给出迭代计算算法;最后,以平面直线拟合为例,对本文方法和计算算法进行验证。试验结果表明:①本文方法和算法具有可行性;②与加权最小二乘和加权整体最小二乘相比,本文方法计算的测量点到拟合直线的垂直距离平方和最小;③本文方法计算的测量点到拟合直线的距离与测量点到拟合点的距离相等。 相似文献
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《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2021,(9)
不等式约束部分变量含误差(partial errors-in-variables, PEIV)模型目前主要采用线性化方法和非线性规划类算法,前者计算效率较低,后者基于最优化理论,计算复杂,未能与经典平差理论建立联系,难以在测量实际中推广。在整体最小二乘准则下,根据最优解的Kuhn-Tucker条件,将不等式约束整体最小二乘解的计算转化为二次规划问题,并提出改进的Jacobian迭代法求解二次规划。所提方法不需要对观测方程线性化,与经典最小二乘法具有相同的形式,易于编程实现。数值实例表明,所提方法形式简洁,具有良好的计算效率,是经典最小二乘平差理论的有益拓展。 相似文献
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杨娟 《测绘科学技术学报》2019,36(6)
利用平差参数间的合理等式约束能够提高解的稳定性。针对变量误差模型EIV(errors-in-variables)引入等式约束,分别针对系数阵良态和病态两种情形建立了约束总体最小二乘准则。基于非线性最小二乘问题的常用解法Newton-Gauss法,由约束准则构建了拉格朗日极值函数并由欧拉-拉格朗日必要条件导出了等式约束EIV模型的Newton-Gauss迭代解。针对精度评定时未考虑参数估值偏差所带来的影响这一不足,基于蒙特卡罗模拟法提出了一种估计约束EIV模型单位权方差和参数估值的协方差阵的数值方法。算例分析结果表明,约束总体最小二乘解严格满足先验等式约束条件;当系数阵病态时,约束条件能够提升解的稳定性和精度。此外,基于蒙特卡罗的数值方法能够获得稳定且合理的精度评定结果。 相似文献
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根据总体最小二乘准则,可以将附有不等式约束的变量误差（errors-in-variables,EIV）模型转化为标准最优化问题,并运用有效集法、序列二次规划法等优化方法求解。已有算法在涉及计算目标函数的Hesse矩阵（二阶导数）时,存在计算量较大的缺陷。针对上述问题,利用基于拟牛顿法修正Hesse矩阵的序列二次规划算法解算附有不等式约束加权总体最小二乘问题,新算法减小了计算量,可以提高收敛速度。通过实例,证明了该算法具有很好的适用性和计算效率。 相似文献
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附非负约束平差模型的最小二乘估计 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
研究了不等式约束下的平差问题,即先将不等式约束的最小二乘问题转换成凸二次规划问题,然后求其最优解.给出了几个判定最优解的充分必要条件,以及非负约束下的平差问题参数最小二乘估计的一般形式,并给出了简明的算法.模拟实例说明,此算法可以很好地应用于实际测量中的平差计算. 相似文献
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基于加权整体最小二乘的牛顿-高斯迭代算法,提出了一种抗差加权整体最小二乘模型。利用标准化残差构造权因子函数,并采用中位数法获得具有抗差性的单位权中误差估值,能同时实现观测空间和结构空间抗差。为获得标准化残差,利用线性近似的协因数传播律推导了加权整体最小二乘残差协因数阵的表达式,并给出模型的迭代计算方法。试验结果表明:对于加权整体最小二乘的粗差处理问题,本文提出的方法具有良好的抗差性能,参数估值与不含粗差时加权整体最小二乘的结果没有显著的差异,性能优于直接由残差构造的稳健加权整体最小二乘模型。 相似文献
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In the field of surveying, mapping and geodesy, there have been a number of works on the error-in-variable (EIV) model with constraints, where equality constraints are imposed on the parameter vector. However, in some cases, these constraints may be inequalities. The EIV model with inequality constraints has not been fully investigated. Therefore, this paper presents an inequality-constrained total least squares (ICTLS) solution for the EIV model with inequality constraints (denoted as ICEIV). Employing the proposed ICTLS method, the ICEIV problem is first converted into an equality-constrained problem by distinguishing the active constraints through exhaustive searching, and it is then resolved employing the method of equality-constrained total least squares (ECTLS). The applicability and feasibility of the proposed method is illustrated in two examples. 相似文献
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Xing Fang 《Journal of Geodesy》2014,88(8):805-816
Observation systems known as errors-in-variables (EIV) models with model parameters estimated by total least squares (TLS) have been discussed for more than a century, though the terms EIV and TLS were coined much more recently. So far, it has only been shown that the inequality-constrained TLS (ICTLS) solution can be obtained by the combinatorial methods, assuming that the weight matrices of observations involved in the data vector and the data matrix are identity matrices. Although the previous works test all combinations of active sets or solution schemes in a clear way, some aspects have received little or no attention such as admissible weights, solution characteristics and numerical efficiency. Therefore, the aim of this study was to adjust the EIV model, subject to linear inequality constraints. In particular, (1) This work deals with a symmetrical positive-definite cofactor matrix that could otherwise be quite arbitrary. It also considers cross-correlations between cofactor matrices for the random coefficient matrix and the random observation vector. (2) From a theoretical perspective, we present first-order Karush–Kuhn–Tucker (KKT) necessary conditions and the second-order sufficient conditions of the inequality-constrained weighted TLS (ICWTLS) solution by analytical formulation. (3) From a numerical perspective, an active set method without combinatorial tests as well as a method based on sequential quadratic programming (SQP) is established. By way of applications, computational costs of the proposed algorithms are shown to be significantly lower than the currently existing ICTLS methods. It is also shown that the proposed methods can treat the ICWTLS problem in the case of more general weight matrices. Finally, we study the ICWTLS solution in terms of non-convex weighted TLS contours from a geometrical perspective. 相似文献
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The inequality-constrained least squares (ICLS) problem can be solved by the simplex algorithm of quadratic programming. The ICLS problem may also be reformulated as a Bayesian problem and solved by using the Bayesian principle. This paper proposes using the aggregate constraint method of non-linear programming to solve the ICLS problem by converting many inequality constraints into one equality constraint, which is a basic augmented Lagrangean algorithm for deriving the solution to equality-constrained non-linear programming problems. Since the new approach finds the active constraints, we can derive the approximate algorithm-dependent statistical properties of the solution. As a result, some conclusions about the superiority of the estimator can be approximately made. Two simulated examples are given to show how to compute the approximate statistical properties and to show that the reasonable inequality constraints can improve the results of geodetic network with an ill-conditioned normal matrix. 相似文献
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针对测绘领域中函数模型为非线性函数的线性组合的特殊结构,本文提出了基于Moore-Penrose广义逆和立体矩阵的可分离非线性最小二乘解算方法。该方法首先利用变量投影算法消除可分离非线性模型中的线性参数,将包含两类参数的原非线性优化问题转化为仅含有非线性参数的最小二乘问题。然后,基于Moore-Penrose广义逆矩阵的微分和立体矩阵理论计算最小二乘目标函数的一阶导数,进而采用非线性优化的LM方法求解非线性参数的最优估值。最后,根据最小二乘方法求解线性参数的最优估值。通过指数函数模型拟合和机载LiDAR全波形参数求解试验与传统参数不分离优化方法进行对比,结果表明,基于Moore-Penrose广义逆和立体矩阵的可分离非线性最小二乘解算方法对待求参数初值依赖性低,同时避免了迭代过程中线性参数导致的病态问题,算法稳定性好,为测绘领域中可分离非线性最小二乘问题的解算提供了一种思路,也拓展了可分离非线性最小二乘方法的应用。 相似文献
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分析指出了在总体最小二乘解下，含有多列独立变量的(以下简称为多变量)变量含误差(errors-invariables，EIV)模型，其各列变量的改正数受对应的参数估值与观测向量先验精度的联合影响，参数估值与观测向量先验精度的乘积越大，则该列变量的改正数越大。因此，现有稳健总体最小二乘方法采用同一个单位权中误差对多变量EIV模型进行降权处理时，会优先对模型中的某一列变量进行降权处理，从而造成平差结果不合理甚至错误，称之为虚假稳健估计现象。鉴于此，提出了多变量稳健总体最小二乘平差方法，并导出了相应的参数估计与精度评定公式。该方法对含有粗差的多变量EIV模型的各列独立变量分别进行降权处理，从而避免虚假稳健估计现象的发生。仿真算例结果表明，当观测值含有粗差时，该方法能够有效避免虚假稳健估计现象的发生，并能够定位出粗差所对应的误差方程；相较于总体最小二乘和稳健最小二乘方法，该方法的参数估计结果更接近真值。 相似文献
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针对加权情形下的变量误差(EIV)模型,采用广义岭估计法处理总体最小二乘平差的病态性问题. 结合最优化准则和协方差传播率推导了未知参数的改正数求解公式;根据参数估计值的均方误差最小化原理,通过求偏导数列出广义岭估计中岭参数的迭代解式,并讨论了广义岭参数的含义和作用,给出了确定岭参数的L-曲线法. 通过算例比较分析了加权最小二乘估计、总体最小二乘估计、加权最小二乘岭估计、总体最小二乘岭估计、加权最小二乘的广义岭估计和总体最小二乘广义岭估计,叙述了加权总体最小二乘的广义岭估计的优缺点. 相似文献