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1.
科学数据是科技创新的基础,也是人类宝贵的科技信息资源。兼顾保护数据知识产权和推动数据广泛共享是科学数据界长期存在的难题。数据出版（元数据、实体数据、数据论文关联出版）是解决这个难题的有效机制。“全球地质数据出版系统”（中英文）将实现元数据、实体数据、数据论文关联一体出版,通过互联网实现科学传播和公益性共享机制,在保护数据知识产权和促进数据共享方面起着重要作用。该系统将推动全世界地质学家共享科学数据,为地质领域科技创新提供数据基础。本文基于数据出版的概念,全面介绍了全球地质数据出版,并探讨其数据共享的意义价值。 相似文献
2.
《地学前缘(英文版)》2020,11(3):885-893
Over the last two decades,co-located seismic and magnetotelluric(MT) profiles provided fundamental geophysical data sets to image the Australian crust.Despite their complimentary nature,the data are processed and often interpreted separately without common processes in mind.We here qualitatively compare 2 D resistivity inversion models derived from MT and seismic reflection profiles across a region of Archean-Proterozoic Australia to address the causes of variations in seismic response and anomalous conductivity in the crust.We find that there exists a spatial association between regions of low reflectivity in seismic sections and low resistivity in co-located2 D MT modelled sections.These relationships elucidate possible signatures of past magmatic and fluid-related events.Depending on their diffuse or discrete character,we hypothesize these signatures signify fossil melting of the crust due to mafic underplating,magma movement or hydrothermal fluid flow through the crust.The approach discussed herein is a process-oriented approach to interpretation of geophysical images and a significant extension to traditional geophysical methods which are primarily sensitive to a singular bulk rock property or state. 相似文献
3.
勘察设计咨询企业的知识产权保护研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
从勘察设计咨询企业的知识产权保护现状、作品范围、产权归属以及知识产权保护与管理等方面,论证了勘察设计咨询企业做好知识产权保护工作的必要性。 相似文献
4.
《Geoforum》2013
This article contributes to the legal geography literature through exploration of the contested concepts of power and law and their interconnected processes. Research findings from studies of urban gated enclaves in China and in England are used as a starting point to analyse the spatialisation of power in the creation of gated urban enclaves, with a particular focus on the role of law. Four categories of law are identified. The article suggests an analytical framework for understanding how particular modalities of power intersect with these different types of law. This framework is then applied to temporal stages in the creation of gated enclaves, in the context of the different legal geographies of China and England. In the final analysis, the manipulative power of neoliberalism outweighs law’s authority, for example when developers form alliances with municipal government to circumvent ‘policy’ and ‘regulatory’ law. Property rights as conceptualised through ‘high’ law are shown to be ineffective in resolving problems experienced by residents of specific enclaves, particularly those relating to common property rights. Developers were found to use ‘facilitative’ law to gain control of the juridical field, materialised through property rights allocation and resolution of disputes within urban enclaves. 相似文献
5.
澳大利亚南极科学数据管理综述 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
系统概述了澳大利亚国家南极数据政策、组织机构、管理模式、实施策略与未来发展所面临的问题。在此基础上分析澳大利亚南极数据工作的发展与实效,并回顾了中国的极地数据管理工作,初步表明建立一个有效的组织框架是顺利开展数据管理与共享工作的基础,完全基于Web的数据管理与服务对科学项目的管理与研究成果的产出具有较大的促进作用。同时可以看出,国家层面的数据管理工作首先必须有明确的国家数据政策作引导;需要建立各种相应的数据标准与规范以及基于Web的数据管理、共享与服务平台;当然更离不开一支进行数据管理、服务与技术支持的专业队伍,并通过工作绩效评价系统对各个环节进行评价和考核。其中,为数据（集）编写完整、准确的元数据始终是数据管理中最重要的基础工作。 相似文献
6.
《Geoforum》2017
This paper explores territorial struggles around ecotourism in community-based conservation in wildlife rich Northern Tanzania. At the centre of analysis are two emblematic and distinctly different ecotourism business models that rely on a particular territorialization of property relations and resource control: one model is based on land sharing with local communities and villages, while the other relies on the appropriation of large parts of village land for exclusive access and control. Conceptually engaging critical geography debates on internal territorialization with a poststructuralist political ecology inspired by the framework of multiple environmentalities, the paper shows how ecotourism companies employ different techniques of government to secure business-friendly environments and territories in neoliberal conservation. Different business models underpin different processes of territorialization that in turn produce different modes of engagements and regimes of rule and authority. While the case of ecotourism through land sharing reinforces village land rights through a neoliberal environmentality, ecotourism through land appropriation illustrates how neoliberal, sovereign and truth environmentalities are put to work to facilitate the re-territorialization of property relations and resource control to undermine land rights of an entire village or an ethnic minority. 相似文献
7.
从生产资产到生态资产：资产—资本完备性 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
本研究探讨从生产资产（produc edassets）到生态资产的完备化理论。其内容主要包括：资产-资本完备化;生态资产定义、构成、分类与比较;经济权与完备化,为该研究的第一部分内容。首先,回顾了国内外环境、资源与生态经济学领域有关资产和资本的研究概况,指出当前该领域的前沿热点之一是从生产资产走向生态资产的综合与系统化,这一发展趋势突出体现在关于资产-资本的完备化研究。通过简要地分析新古典经济学中资产和资本范畴的局限性及其所产生的不完备性,总结出其主要表现是概念不完备性、价值不完备性和权义不完备性,而价值不完备性是当前研究的核心问题。在此基础上,进一步评述了现代经济学在资产或资本完备化研究中所取得的重要进展及有待解决的重大问题。该文从系统学意义上提出,推出完备化过程首先需要建立系统资产和资本概念,并进一步讨论了系统资产和资本的基本内涵,提出了资产-资本完备化的 5个法则。 相似文献
8.
Till Förster 《GeoJournal》1998,46(2):101-111
The change in property rights in the West African savannah has been analysed in particular from the perspective of development policy, i.e. from the perspective of state regulation. This contribution, however, attempts to trace property rights from the perspective of the farming population in the savannah in the northern part of Côte d'Ivoire. For peasants, the change of law is part of a long-term process which had already started before the colonialisation at the end of the 19th century and is still continuing today. The changing law is not analysed per se but is rather analysed with reference to people's actions, out of which the sphere of life of the local population is constituted. The changing forms of farm work and of land usage play an important role in this respect. The change of property rights is inscribed in the conflicts with the state and state power on the one hand, and the changes of social forms of organisation on the other. 相似文献
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10.
《Geoforum》2015
Carbon markets have gained traction worldwide as an ostensibly win–win solution to climate change, providing low-cost emission reductions in the Global North and sustainable development in the Global South. However, sustainable development and livelihood co-benefits have largely failed to materialize in a range of carbon offset projects, particularly those in forest communities. While some scholars explain this failure as an outcome of fundamental tradeoffs between market efficiency and sustainable development, others argue that institutions of common property land tenure can resolve tradeoffs and generate important co-benefits for local communities. Using a political ecology approach, integrating insights of Karl Polanyi and Noel Castree on the commodification of nature and evidence from a carbon forestry project in Chiapas, Mexico, this article grapples with the ways in which carbon market requirements shape forest governance within common property tenure arrangements. I argue that the centralization of forest governance and decision making into the hands of project implementers and brokers, the necessity for legible land rights and boundaries, and the technical requirements for measurement, calculation, and monitoring of carbon have reshaped forest governance in ways that have undermined the social and ecological benefits often associated with common property management schemes. This research therefore demonstrates that so-called tradeoffs between market efficiency and equitable sustainable development goals may not be inherent to carbon forestry and calls into question the reliance on disembedding market mechanisms for climate change mitigation in forest ecosystems. As such, this work has important implications for REDD+. 相似文献
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12.
《International Geology Review》2012,54(5):406-418
Extreme events are significant determinants of the character and evolution of many natural and human systems. When extreme events occur at the interface between natural and human systems, they are often called “disasters.” Here, we use a systemic, contextual view of disasters to construct a framework for organizing research and policy. Within this framework, reduction of vulnerability is the organizing principle, and decision processes (which lead to reduced vulnerability) are the fundamental unit of analysis and action. Scientific research is connected to decision processes through knowledge—integrating activities such as prediction, observation, and heuristics. But the value of research depends on its capacity to enhance decision-making capabilities. Our goal is to define an approach by which policy—relevant research questions can be more readily recognized. and societally valuable (i.e., vulnerabilityreducing) knowledge can be more effectively created and used. 相似文献
13.
Interoperability is becoming essential for the today’s geographic information systems. Geographic information is usually available as datasets stored in databases and accessible via GIS. However, these information sources are increasingly heterogeneous and show differences in data formats, database schema and object concepts. To satisfy the increased demand for the use and sharing of geographic data in common applications, considering the heterogeneity and the methods to support interoperability are required by the GIS community. The implementation of Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) such as the European INSPIRE (Infrastructure for Spatial Information in the European Community) enables accessibility and the sharing of geographic data and interoperability among the systems. In addition to this, traditional GIS systems perform spatial queries using a keyword-based method. However, this approach remains incapable of fully expressing the users' needs due to a lack of geographic concepts (semantics) in the dataset. Different terms may refer to similar concepts, while the same terms may refer to different concepts. This causes semantic heterogeneity in the dataset. In this context, the most promising approach is the implementation of geospatial semantics by means of ontology in the geospatial dataset to overcome this kind of ambiguity. The aim of this research is to investigate the implementation of INSPIRE as a SDI standard and the use of Semantic Technology to empower the traditional GIS approach. In this regard, a public transportation geoportal has been developed for the experimental investigation which uses a revised sample transportation data complaint with the INSPIRE Transport Network Data Theme and a developed Transportation Ontology Domain, including concepts, relationships and individuals to provide a semantic spatial search. 相似文献
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15.
Structures built within the area of influence of a sinkhole can be affected by collapse, subsidence, or flooding. Unanticipated
property losses may be involved, and litigation commonly ensues. Insurance compensation for damages that result from sinkhole
collapse or subsidence in a karst terrane are covered by statute only in Florida and by voluntary agreement of companies operating
in Tennessee Liability or insurance compensation for damages resulting from sinkhole flooding is not specifically covered
by any state or federal statute. Regulations of the National Flood Insurance Program have been interpreted to allow coverage
by this program for homes affected by sinkhole flooding in Bowling Green, Kentucky In the present article, case law, legal
concepts of groundwater and surface water, liability, and law review articles relevant to sinkhole litigation are summarized
The rationales of plaintiffs and defendants are reviewed Liability for damages have been based on allegations of negligence,
breach of various water law doctrines, trespass, nuisance, loss of support, breach of contract, and implied warranty of habitability
Defenses against these allegations have been based on the merits of each of them and oncaveat emptor Several alternative rationales for claiming liability for losses incurred because of sinkhole development or flooding are
proposed and discussed. The little-knownHenderson v Wade Sand and Gravel is highly recommended as an alternative leading case that clearly and justifiably gives protection to adjacent landowners,
and ties liability for damages caused by groundwater pumpage to nuisance law and related interference with property rights.
Several little-known litigated cases of sinkhole development in response to groundwater pumpage will be summarized in a second
article at a later date. Concepts of liability are evolving It can be expected that the professional geologist or engineer
will have an increasing number of claims made against him or her which allege responsibility for sinkhole-related damages.
Such damages can often be prevented by creative zoning, sound engineering, and better husbandry of land. 相似文献
16.
As property damage from flooding continues to increase, particularly in coastal areas, the adoption of strategies to mitigate these losses has never been more important to protecting the health and safety of coastal communities. Both structural and non-structural flood mitigation activities are being considered to buffer the adverse consequences of building structures in areas exposed to flood risk. However, little research has been conducted on the effectiveness of flood mitigation practices, particularly non-structural approaches at the parcel level. Our study addresses this lack of critical knowledge by examining the effect of mitigation activities adopted under the FEMA community rating system on insured property losses across multiple communities within the Clear Creek watershed located just south of Houston, TX and adjacent to Galveston Bay. Specifically, we statistically identify the degree to which various mitigation strategies adopted by a community reduce flood loss claims among 9,555 parcels from 1999 to 2009. Results indicate that several mitigation policies adopted at the community level result in significant savings in property damage for homeowners in the Clear Creek watershed. 相似文献
17.
《Geoforum》2013
Water rights adjudications lie at the intersection of law, space, and the geography of resource governance, combining elements of field cartography, archival research, and judicial supervision and decree. However, few geographers have examined the water rights adjudications now active in most western US states. Using case material and ethnographic vignettes from a larger geographic project on water rights and governance in New Mexico, I examine water adjudication as a vital instrument in the state’s pursuit of spatial knowledge. Resources and water users are seen by the state through this process, while at the same time, water users may elude or confuse state legibility. In this process, altered forms of governance are produced. Here, I explore how the formalizing of water rights in New Mexico has articulated new legal-spatial relationships, which are often viewed differently by state and local agents. I then examine the products of adjudications and the tension between local and expert knowledge in natural resources governance over being seen and governed by the state and the struggle to retain local autonomy and governance in water management. 相似文献
18.
Rahul Ramachandran Manil Maskey Ajinkya Kulkarni Helen Conover U. S. Nair Sunil Movva 《Earth Science Informatics》2012,5(1):33-41
“Open science,” where researchers share and publish every element of their research process in addition to the final results,
can foster novel ways of collaboration among researchers and has the potential to spontaneously create new virtual research
collaborations. Based on scientific interest, these new virtual research collaborations can cut across traditional boundaries
such as institutions and organizations. Advances in technology allow for software tools that can be used by different research
groups and institutions to build and support virtual collaborations and infuse open science. This paper describes Talkoot,
a software toolkit designed and developed by the authors to provide Earth Science researchers a ready-to-use knowledge management
environment and an online platform for collaboration. Talkoot allows Earth Science researchers a means to systematically gather,
tag and share their data, analysis workflows and research notes. These Talkoot features are designed to foster rapid knowledge
sharing within a virtual community. Talkoot can be utilized by small to medium sized groups and research centers, as well
as large enterprises such a national laboratories and federal agencies. 相似文献
19.
河流连通性是河流生态系统的基本特征,具有季节差异的同时也受人类活动干预。建立一维水动力模型计算1999—2009年间人为扰动后地形改变和径潮条件变化对东江干流博罗—石龙河段及东江三角洲洪季连通性的影响。结果表明:东江干流及东江三角洲水系成环发育程度较低,河道共享性较高,平均节点连接率大于1;地形下切和径潮条件变化未改变结构连通性;输运连通性既受河道地形变化的影响,也受径潮条件变化的影响,其中河道地形下切使水量传输能力减小,河流输运连通性减弱;径流增大及外海潮动力减小均导致水量传输能力增大,河网输运连通性增强。研究成果可为东江三角洲防洪、水利工程规划及水生态环境等研究提供科学依据。 相似文献
20.
Paulo Pinheiro da Silva Leonardo Salayandía Aída Gándara Ann Q. Gates 《Earth Science Informatics》2009,2(4):249-269
The realization of an international cyberinfrastructure of shared resources to overcome time and space limitations is challenging
scientists to rethink how to document their processes. Many known scientific process requirements that would normally be considered
impossible to implement a few years ago are close to becoming a reality for scientists, such as large scale integration and
data reuse, data sharing across distinct scientific domains, comprehensive support for explaining process results, and full
search capability for scientific products across domains. This article introduces the CI-Miner approach that can be used to
aggregate knowledge about scientific processes and their products through the use of semantic annotations. The article shows
how this aggregated knowledge is used to benefit scientists during the development of their research activities. The discussion
is grounded on lessons learned through the use of CI-Miner to semantically annotate scientific processes in the areas of geo-sciences,
environmental sciences and solar physics: A use case in the field of geo-science illustrates the CI-Miner approach in action. 相似文献