共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
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NCEP/NCAR再分析风速、表面气温距平在中国区域气候变化研究中的可信度分析 总被引：22，自引：0，他引：22
采用计算标准化均方根误差、相关分析和EOF分解等多种客观分析统计方法,对NCEP/NCAR再分析风速、表面气温距平在中国区域的可信度进行了研究,结果表明中国东部不同要素距平的标准化均方根误差均比西部地区的小,说明NCEP/NCAR再分析资料的可信度东部比西部要高,可能是受到模式地形和中国地面气象站点“东密西疏”分布格局的较大影响。随着高度升高,NCEP再分析风速距平的误差减小,进一步表明地形对NCEP再分析资料的可信度具有较大影响。另外,冬季再分析风速误差较大的特点在850,500和200 hPa等压面上均存在,表明冬季再分析风速距平的可信度受到再分析模式系统误差的较大影响。相关分析结果和标准化均方根误差计算结果之间具有很好的反向对应关系,即均方根误差大,NCEP再分析资料与实测资料的相关性就差,均方根误差小,则对应两者之间的相关性就较好。标准化均方根误差较小的要素,其NCEP再分析和站点实测资料距平EOF分解得到的特征向量空间分布较为相似,各特征向量对应时间系数的相关性也比较好;反之,标准化均方根误差大的要素,其NCEP再分析和站点实测资料距平EOF分解得到的特征向量空间分布则相差较大,对应时间系数的相关性也比较差,因此采用EOF分解方法,分析对应特征向量空间分布相似性及其时间系数变化的一致性,可以对NCEP再分析资料的可信度有一个更加客观的认识。综合上述各季节、各要素多种方法的分析结果,可以发现NCEP再分析风速距平在春、夏、秋季具有一定的可信度,但冬季的可信度较差;表面气温距平则是冬季的可信度最好,夏季的可信度较差。 相似文献
3.
H. Douville 《Climate Dynamics》1998,14(3):151-172
Global soil moisture data of high quality and resolution are not available by direct observation, but are useful as boundary
and initial conditions in comprehensive climate models. In the framework of the GSWP (Global Soil Wetness Project), the ISBA
land-surface scheme of Météo-France has been forced with meteorological observations and analyses in order to study the feasibility
of producing a global soil wetness climatology at a 1°×1° horizontal resolution. A control experiment has been performed from
January 1987 to December 1988, using the ISLSCP Initiative I boundary conditions. The annual mean, the standard deviation
and the normalised annual harmonic of the hydrologic fields have been computed from the 1987 monthly results. The global maps
which are presented summarise the surface hydrologic budget and its annual cycle. The soil wetness index and snow cover distributions
have been compared respectively to the results of the ECMWF reanalysis and to satellite and in situ observations. The simulated
runoff has been validated against a river flow climatology, suggesting a possible underestimation over some large river basins.
Besides the control run, other simulations have been performed in order to study the sensitivity of the hydrologic budget
to changes in the surface parameters, the precipitation forcing and the runoff scheme. Such modifications have a significant
impact on the partition of total precipitation into evaporation and runoff. The sensitivity of the results suggests that soil
moisture remains one of the most difficult climatological parameters to model and that any computed soil wetness climatology
must be considered with great caution.
Received: 3 January 1997 / Accepted: 19 August 1987 相似文献
4.
李永军 《高原山地气象研究》2020,40(2):43-48
利用地面气象观测资料、雷达卫星资料和FNL再分析资料,对2018年6月22日攀西地区南部的一次暴雨天气过程进行分析。结果表明:本次暴雨天气过程由MCC导致,低层的辐合区和高层的南亚高压脊线是产生暴雨的主要影响天气系统;MCC发生于弱环境风场条件下的高能高温高湿环境中,但对垂直风切变的要求较低;MCC生成发展区域中低层温度和露点较周边区域高,MCC区域大气表现出明显的低层辐合,高层辐散,辐合(散)成熟阶段较发展阶段强。 相似文献
5.
青藏高原地区NCEP新再分析地面通量资料的检验 总被引：27，自引：9，他引：18
利用1979—1998年地面气象站温度观测资料和1982年8月-1983年7月高原热源观测资料,检验了NCEP／DOE新再分析地面气温和地面辐射收支在青藏高原地区的偏差。比较表明,气温和地面辐射量新再分析值能反映实际年变化特征,但其温度值系统性偏低,偏低幅度随地区和季节而变化。由于其气温和地表温度偏低造成地表长波辐射和大气逆辐射系统性偏低;冬季积雪地区的地表吸收太阳辐射和净辐射新再分析值偏小;地面净长波、净短波和总的净辐射与实测的偏差比较小。分析发现,同化模式地形高度与地面气象站海拔高度的差异是造成气温新再分析与实测偏差的主要原因,冬季积雪区地表反照率新再分析值偏大是造成冬季地面净辐射偏小的因素,并加剧了冬季气温新再分析的偏差。其研究对改进气候模拟结果分析有一定的启发。 相似文献
6.
利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料、地面气象观测资料,重点分析了2013年1月成都地区一次重污染天气过程的天气背景以及地面气象要素演变。结果表明:(1)此次持续的污染天气出现在高空为弱脊控制且位势高度场异常偏高,地面处于变性高压脊或均压场且近地面层风速较弱的静稳天气背景下。(2)产生此次高污染(高AQI)的地面气象条件为:地面冷高压逐渐变性,近地面温度升高,海平面气压降低,近地面相对湿度升高至80%左右,无降水或弱降水,能见度将降低至于10km以下,地面风速减弱。(3)中低层弱风速,弱的水平风垂直切变,700h Pa层附近和近地面层的逆温层,不利于污染物在垂直方向上的扩散,使得污染进一步加剧。 相似文献
7.
Ufuk Utku Turuncoglu Nellie Elguindi Filippo Giorgi Nicolas Fournier Graziano Giuliani 《Climate Dynamics》2013,41(7-8):1731-1748
We present a validation analysis of a regional climate model coupled to a distributed one dimensional (1D) lake model for the Caspian Sea Basin. Two model grid spacings are tested, 50 and 20 km, the simulation period is 1989–2008 and the lateral boundary conditions are from the ERA-Interim reanalysis of observations. The model is validated against atmospheric as well as lake variables. The model performance in reproducing precipitation and temperature mean seasonal climatology, seasonal cycles and interannual variability is generally good, with the model results being mostly within the observational uncertainty range. The model appears to overestimate cloudiness and underestimate surface radiation, although a large observational uncertainty is found in these variables. The 1D distributed lake model (run at each grid point of the lake area) reproduces the observed lake-average sea surface temperature (SST), although differences compared to observations are found in the spatial structure of the SST, most likely as a result of the absence of 3 dimensional lake water circulations. The evolution of lake ice cover and near surface wind over the lake area is also reproduced by the model reasonably well. Improvements resulting from the increase of resolution from 50 to 20 km are most significant in the lake model. Overall the performance of the coupled regional climate—1D lake model system appears to be of sufficient quality for application to climate change scenario simulations over the Caspian Sea Basin. 相似文献
8.
为了科学设计黄渤海海洋气象边界层观测站网并研究观测网布局对数值天气预报模式的影响,本文采用模式误差、海洋气象要素特征区域资料统计分析和观测系统模拟试验（OSSE）方法,根据边界层雾、层云降水、小风与中等风速天气条件设计布局方案,并分析站点观测要素对数值预报模式的要素预报的影响。模拟试验数据使用了每6 h NCEP再分析资料FNL（NCEP Final Operational Global Analysis data）、NCEP每天平均的高分辨率海温资料RTG_SST（Real-Time Global Sea Surface Temperature）和石油平台、浮标站等每小时实况观测资料,评估了黄渤海海洋气象站网布局各个方案的优缺点。评估结果表明,湿度和风的要素预报受实况风向风速条件影响,偏东和偏北风个例湿度要素预报较好。然而,在偏南中等风速个例中,风场预报要素更接近实况。温度场的分析综合结果显示,在海气相互作用影响较大的天气过程中,特征区域布站能明显提高温度要素的预报准确率。最后,综合分析多项模拟试验的结果,给出了改进数值预报准确率的海洋布站建议。 相似文献
9.
中国区域多种数值模式资料的地面气象要素评估 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用中国气象局国家级自动站(2421个站)的观测资料,分别对2010年7月1日至2013年6月30日的欧洲中期数值预报中心(ECMWF)、日本气象厅(JMA)和美国国家海洋大气局的全球预测系统(GFS)数值模式资料的地面气温、相对湿度和风速在中国区域的适用性进行了比较研究。结果表明,3种数值模式资料都能在一定程度上反映观测资料所具有的时间和空间分布特征,东部地区的适用性要高于西部地区。不同的地面气象要素,差异较大:对于地面气温和地面相对湿度,ECMWF比JMA和GFS更接近实际观测,ECMWF和JMA的分析场数据质量要好于预报场;ECMWF和JMA地面气温在冬季与观测差异最大,GFS地面气温在夏季与观测差异最大;3种数值模式资料的地面相对湿度在秋季和冬季与观测差异最大;对于地面风速,在江淮流域和华南等东部区域JMA与实际观测差异最小,在北部和西部区域ECMWF最好,JMA和GFS地面风速在冬季与实际观测差异最大。 相似文献
10.
采用1979—2013年中国192站逐日最低温度观测资料和NCEP/NCAR、NCEP/DOE、JRA-55、ERA-Interim再分析资料及1979—2004年均一化资料,分别计算低温阈值并对比分析其气候态、年际和年代际变化、长期趋势等特征。结果表明:与观测结果相比,均一化资料阈值在东北、内蒙古西部和两广等地偏低,在青藏高原东侧、新疆北部和黄河中下游偏高,线性趋势则相反;再分析资料阈值在南方偏低、东北偏高,在东部的可信度高于西部;再分析资料能显示内蒙古中西部的降温趋势和青藏高原的增温趋势,但在数值和范围上有差异,且均低估了观测资料反映的华北地区的显著升温现象;再分析资料能体现观测资料阈值的全区一致性、东北与其他地区反相的空间分布及其年际变化特征,仅JRA-55和ERA-Interim可再现低温阈值的年代际变化特征。 相似文献
11.
Guo Zhang Jianduo Li Xinyao Rong Yufei Xin Jian Li Haoming Chen Jingzhi Su Lijuan Hua 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2018,32(6):862-880
The Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences (CAMS) has been devoted to developing a climate system model (CSM) to meet demand for climate simulation and prediction for the East Asian region. In this study, we evaluated the performance of CAMS-CSM in regard to sensible heat flux (H), latent heat flux (LE), surface temperature, soil moisture, and snow depth, focusing on the Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project experiment, with the aim of participating in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6. We systematically assessed the simulation results achieved by CAMS-CSM for these variables against various reference products and ground observations, including the FLUXNET model tree ensembles H and LE data, Climate Prediction Center soil moisture data, snow depth climatology data, and Chinese ground observations of snow depth and winter surface temperature. We compared these results with data from the ECMWF Interim reanalysis (ERA-Interim) and Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS). Our results indicated that CAMS-CSM simulations were better than or comparable to ERAInterim reanalysis for snow depth and winter surface temperature at regional scales, but slightly worse when simulating total column soil moisture. The root-mean-square differences of H in CAMS-CSM were all greater than those from the ERA-Interim reanalysis, but less than or comparable to those from GLDAS. The spatial correlations for H in CAMS-CSM were the lowest in nearly all regions, except for North America. CAMS-CSM LE produced the lowest bias in Siberia, North America, and South America, but with the lowest spatial correlation coefficients. Therefore, there are still scopes for improving H and LE simulations in CAMS-CSM, particularly for LE. 相似文献
12.
The present study compares seasonal and interdecadal variations in surface sensible heat flux over Northwest China between station observations and ERA-40 and NCEP-NCAR reanalysis data for the period 1960-2000.While the seasonal variation in sensible heat flux is found to be consistent between station observations and the two reanalysis datasets,both land-air temperatures difference and surface wind speed show remarkable systematic differences.The sensible heat flux displays obvious interdecadal variability that is season-dependent.In the ERA-40 data,the sensible heat flux in spring,fall,and winter shows interdecadal variations that are similar to observations.In the NCEP-NCAR reanalysis data,sensible heat flux variations are inconsistent with and sometimes even opposite to observations.While surface wind speeds from the NCEP-NCAR reanalysis data show interdecadal changes consistent with station observations,variations in land-air temperature difference differ greatly from the observed dataset.In terms of land-air temperature difference and surface wind speed,almost no consistency with observations can be identified in the ERA-40 data,apart from the land-air temperature difference in fall and winter.These inconsistencies pose a major obstacle to the application in climate studies of surface sensible heat flux derived from reanalysis data. 相似文献
13.
Reliability Analyses of Anomalies of NCEP/NCAR Reanalyzed Wind Speed and Surface Air Temperature in Climate Change Research in China 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3 
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下载免费PDF全文 By means of varied statistical methods,such as normalized root mean square error(RMSE),correlation analysis,empirical orthogonal function(EOF)decomposition,etc.,the reliability of the varied seasonal anomalies of NCEP/NCAR reanalyzed wind speed and surface air temperature(SAT)data frequently used in the climate change research in China is studied.Results show that RMSEs of meteorological variables are smaller in eastern China than in western China,i.e.,the reliability of NCEP/NCAR reanalysis in eastern China is better than that in western China.This could be due to effects of the topography in the reanalysis model and the disposition of"dense-in-eastern-and-sparse-in-western"of meteorological stations in China. The RMSE of anomalies of reanalyzed wind speeds decreases with increasing height,further confirming the possible impact of topography on reliability of reanalysis.Results of correlation analysis inversely correspond to those of RMSE analysis,i.e.,if the RMSE is larger,the correlation between reanalyzed and observed data is worse,and vice versa.It is found from comparing the EOF eigenvectors of anomaly of reanalyzed and observed data that if a meteorological variable has smaller RMSE,the spatial patterns of corresponding EOF eigenvectors of anomaly of reanalyzed and observed data are similar and their time coefficients are significantly correlated,and vice versa.Therefore,the similarity of EOF modes and the consistency of their time coefficients can be used to objectively assess the reliability of the reanalysis.On the whole,the reliability of the reanalyzed wind speed is better in spring,summer,and autumn,but worse in winter;and for the reanalyzed SAT,it is the best in winter and the worst in summer. 相似文献
14.
本文针对择取的103座测风塔资料提出了一套完整的质量控制方案,并基于JRA-55、CRA-40等再分析资料,对测风塔资料的数据质量及质控方案效果进行检验评估。结果表明：(1)有观测数据的测风塔数目在2010—2011年时间段内为最多,有400座左右;随后测风塔数量逐年减少,直到2018年以后,仅存大约50个测风塔有观测数据;(2)对本文选取103座测风塔开展质量控制,发现绝大部分测风塔数据的缺测率、可疑率和错误率都较低,只有少数测风塔在某些观测高度处的上述三个指标较高;(3)无论是温度还是U风,测风塔资料与JRA-55再分析背景场资料的OMB结果都更接近0值,显示出相对于CRA-40再分析资料,JRA-55再分析资料在近地面气象要素重现模拟上具有一定的优势;(4)基于再分析资料对测风塔观测资料质量控制效果进行检验评估结果表明,质量控制后的温度和UV风相对于再分析资料的偏差更接近于0值,标准差减小。相较而言,质量控制后UV风偏差和标准差减小的更多,其应用效果较温度要素好。 相似文献
15.
Xiao Liang Lipeng Jiang Yang Pan Chunxiang Shi Zhiquan Liu Zijiang Zhou 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2020,34(1):101-116
A land surface reanalysis dataset covering the most recent decades is able to provide temporally consistent initial conditions for weather and climate models, and thus is crucial to verifying/improving numerical weather/climate forecasts/predictions. In this paper, we report the development of a 10-yr China Meteorological Administration (CMA) global Land surface ReAnalysis Interim dataset (CRA-Interim/Land; 2007–2016, 6-h intervals, approximately 34-km horizontal resolution). The dataset was produced and evaluated by using the Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) and NCEP Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) global land surface reanalysis datasets, as well as in situ observations in China. The results show that the global spatial patterns and monthly variations of the CRA-Interim/Land, GLDAS, and CFSR climatology are highly consistent, while the soil moisture and temperature values of the CRA-Interim/Land dataset are in between those of the GLDAS and CFSR datasets. Compared with ground observations in China, CRA-Interim/Land soil moisture is comparable to or better than that of GLDAS and CFSR datasets for the 0-10-cm soil layer and has higher correlations and slightly lower root mean square errors (RMSE) for the 10-40-cm soil layer. However, CRA-Interim/Land shows negative biases in 10-40-cm soil moisture in Northeast China and north of central China. For ground temperature and the soil temperature in different layers, CRA-Interim/Land behaves better than the CFSR, especially in East and central China. CRA-Interim/Land has added value over the land components of CRA-Interim due to the introduction of global precipitation observations and improved soil/vegetation parameters. Therefore, this dataset is potentially a critical supplement to the CRA-Interim. Further evaluation of the CRA-Interim/Land, assimilation of near-surface atmospheric forcing variables, and extension of the current dataset to 40 yr (1979–2018) are in progress. 相似文献
16.
The NCAR community climate model was run for 20 years and the simulated East Asianclimate was analyzed and checked against the observation data.It is found that the large-scalefeatures of the East Asia climate were simulated pretty well by the model,though there are stillsome discrepancies between the model output and the observation.The simulated geopotentialheight,wind and temperature fields are very close to the observations.The large scale systemssuch as subtropical high.Mongolia high,Indian low which have important influence on the EastAsia monsoon also simulated pretty well.It is also found that the moisture field is not simulated sowell as those fields mentioned above.The simulated precipitation is rather different from theobservations.These suggest that some physical processes in the CCM2 need to be improved. 相似文献
17.
利用山东省及周边地区10个站点的地面和高空观测资料对ERA5再分析资料的适用性进行了初步评估。结果表明：再分析的海平面气压和2 m温度与实况资料的相关性明显优于2 m相对湿度和10 m风场;高空温度和相对湿度在对流层中低层的适用性要好于高层,而位势高度和风场在中高层适用性较好;海平面气压再分析与实况的相关有着最明显的季节变化,2 m温度、2 m相对湿度和10 m风速则在部分站点有较明显的季节变化,而10 m风向的相关系数更多地表现出站点之间的差异,高空要素的适用性,季节和区域差异不明显。另外,对比发现,ERA5的适用性总体上要优于ERA-Interim再分析资料,地面和对流层低层的相对湿度、风场提高更为明显。 相似文献
18.
L. M. Leslie M. Leplastrier B. W. Buckley L. Qi 《Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics》2005,89(1-4):207-214
Summary The purpose of this paper is to present a recently developed climatology of explosively developing south eastern Tasman Sea extra-tropical cyclones, or meteorological “bombs”, using a latitude dependent definition for meteorological bombs based on that of Simmonds and Keay (2000a, b), and Lim and Simmonds (2002). These highly transient systems, which have a damaging impact upon New Zealand, are frequently accompanied by destructive winds, flood rains, and coastal storm surges. Two cases are selected from the climatology and briefly described here. The first case study is the major flood and storm force wind event of June 20 to 21, 2002 that affected the Coromandel Peninsula region of the North Island of New Zealand. The second case was a “supercyclone” bomb that developed well to the southwest of New Zealand region during May 29 to 31, 2004, but which could easily have formed in the New Zealand region with catastrophic consequences. It was well-captured by the new high resolution Quikscat scatterometer instrument.This study extends the work of two of the authors (Buckley and Leslie, 2004; Buckley and Leslie, 2000; Qi and Leslie, 2000), on southern hemisphere meteorological bombs, to yet another geographical location. Here, we relied heavily on surface observations, scatterometer and other satellite-derived data, and weather radar imagery in developing the climatology. 相似文献
19.
北京地区一次空气重污染过程的目标观测分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
针对北京市2016年12月16~21日的空气重污染过程进行了回报试验,探讨了该次事件预报的目标观测敏感区。使用新一代高分辨率中尺度气象模式（Weather Research Forecasting,WRF）和嵌套网格空气质量模式（Nested Air Quality Prediction Model System,NAQPMS）,针对初始气象场的不确定性,通过4套初始场资料识别了影响北京地区细颗粒物（PM2.5）预报水平的目标观测敏感变量及其敏感区。结果表明:当综合考虑初始气象场的风场、温度、比湿不确定性的影响时,发现改善黑龙江区域上述气象要素的初始场精度,对北京地区PM2.5预报不确定的减小最显著;当分别考察风场、温度、比湿的不确定性的影响时,发现初始风场精度的改善,尤其是黑龙江区域风场精度的改善,能够更大程度地减小北京地区PM2.5的预报误差,对北京东南地区的PM2.5预报误差的减小甚至可达到40%以上。因此,优先对黑龙江区域的气象场,尤其是该区域的风场进行目标观测,并将其同化到预报模式的初始场中,将会有效提高初始气象场的质量,进而大大减小北京地区PM2.5浓度的预报误差,提高北京地区空气质量的预报技巧。初始风场代表了北京地区该次空气重污染事件预报的目标观测变量,而黑龙江地区则是该目标观测的敏感区域。 相似文献
20.
王丽娜 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2019,13(1):117-121
为了解甘肃崆峒国家基本气象站新旧址气象要素对比观测数据差异,选用2016年1～12月新站和旧站气温、气压、相对湿度、风向风速、降水量等要素资料进行对比分析,重点利用均值差异、相关与回归、显著性检验等统计方法分析了新旧测站气温差异及产生原因,结果表明：新址气温、气压均低于旧址,风速高于旧址,降水量、相对湿度差异大,变化无规律,其产生的主要原因是地理位置、海拔高度及观测场周边环境的不同造成;新址与旧址气温存在高度正相关,两站气温差异不显著,可以合并计算,研究结果可为资料使用者提供订正的依据。 相似文献