共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 22 毫秒
1.
针对低频Rayleigh表面波,设计了部分埋入式工字形截面周期波屏障。利用有限元方法计算了结构的频散曲线,分析了带隙的形成机理,讨论了屏障埋入土体深度和截面参数对带隙的影响,在此基础上设计了具有低频超宽衰减域的梯度及分段梯度波屏障并计算了其传输谱。结果表明:周期波屏障存在较宽带隙,板埋入深度和端部尺寸是影响带隙的关键参数,通过参数调节可实现不同频段Rayleigh波的调控。工字形变截面波屏障比等截面具有更优越的隔震性能且节省材料。梯度及分段梯度波屏障显著拓宽了衰减域的频率范围,对1.5~20 Hz范围内的Rayleigh表面波实现了全覆盖,用小尺寸控制了大波长。 相似文献
2.
以分层半空间内部含有一层孔隙介质为物理模型进行数值计算,研究半空间表面瑞利波的传播和衰减特性.为更加接近实际,结合瑞利波的激发特性,确定了瑞利波的主衰减曲线,并主要以此进行规律分析.针对速度递增和含低速层这两种典型的地质模型,讨论了瑞利波的传播衰减在不同地质模型下的特性,并分析了各自的规律.结果表明,在这两种模型下瑞利波的主衰减曲线都受孔隙介质所处空间位置影响产生比较明显的变化,但衰减系数极大值对应的波长与模型的表层厚度存在较明显的线性对应关系,利用这一关系,可以在实际勘探中快速得到表层介质厚度.另外,通过对比分析还可以看到,瑞利波主衰减曲线随孔隙介质的孔隙度和渗透率的变化都强于主频散曲线的变化,表明衰减曲线对孔隙度和渗透率的变化更加敏感,理论上更加适合进行介质参数反演工作.综合对比结果,我们认为瑞利波主衰减曲线中包含了更丰富的介质参数信息,如果能够有效利用,将可以提高瑞利波勘探的准确性和应用范围. 相似文献
3.
Hua‐You Chai Tian‐Bin Li Kok‐Kwang Phoon Elton J. Chen Dian‐Ji Zhang 《Geophysical Prospecting》2017,65(4):992-1003
In the free state, Rayleigh waves are assumed to travel in the form of planar wavefronts. Under such an assumption, the propagation behaviour of the modes of Rayleigh waves in layered half‐spaces is only frequency dependent. The frequency behaviour, which is often termed as dispersion, is determined by the shear wave velocity profile of layered soils within the depth related to wavelength (or frequency). According to this characteristic, the shear wave velocity profile can be back‐analysed from the dispersion. The technique is widely used in the surface wave testing. However, the wavefronts of Rayleigh waves activated by the surface sources are non‐planar. The geometric discrepancy could result in Rayleigh waves manifesting distance‐dependent behaviour, which is referred to as spatial behaviour in this paper. Conventional analysis ignoring this spatial behaviour could introduce unexpected errors. In order to take the effects of sources on the propagation behaviour into account, a new mathematical model is established for Rayleigh waves in layered elastic media under vertical disc‐like surface sources using the thin‐layer method. The spatial behaviour of the activated modes and the apparent phase velocity, which is the propagation velocity of Rayleigh waves superposed by the multiple modes, are then analysed. Aspects of the spatial behaviour investigated in this paper include the equilibrium path, the particle orbit, and the geometric attenuation of the activated Rayleigh waves. The results presented in this paper can provide some guidelines for developing new inverse mathematical models and algorithms. 相似文献
4.
The effect of topography and subsurface inhomogeneity on surface motion is investigated in the case of Rayleigh waves. In the previous paper, the same effect was investigated in the case of SV waves. Several types of topography, such as cliffs both with and without a soft layer at the foot of the slope, are considered. Computations are made using a new hybrid method combining a particle model with a finite element method. In cases of harmonic Rayleigh waves, surface motions with amplitudes as large as 1.5 to 5 times the horizontal surface displacement of the incident Rayleigh waves are produced near the slope and the sloping interface. When a Rayleigh wave propagating through a hard single-layered ground encounters a sloping interface where hard ground and soft ground make contact with each other, Rayleigh waves having two different, phase velocities are produced and they correspond to the fundamental mode, and the first mode determined by Haskell's method. In addition, the transient response when Rayleigh waves propagate through the cliff is also simulated. Assuming the vertical component of the Tokachi-oki Earthquake (1968) measured on the surface to be a Rayleigh wave, the incident Rayleigh wave can be obtained by a Fourier synthesis of eigenfunctions of Rayleigh waves. 相似文献
5.
P. Dangla 《地震工程与结构动力学》1988,16(8):1115-1128
A plane strain model for dynamic soil-structure interaction problems under harmonic state is presented. The boundary element method is used to study the response of a homogeneous isotropic linear elastic soil. The far field displacement at the free surface is approximated by an outgoing Rayleigh wave. The finite element method is used to describe the response of the building, of the foundation and possibly of a finite part of the inhomogeneous non-linear soil. Two coupling procedures are described. The model is applied to a problem previously studied in the antiplane case. Incident P, SV and Rayleigh waves are considered. The results show an amplification and an attenuation of the structure motion with frequency when incident Rayleigh waves and P, SV body waves are respectively considered. 相似文献
6.
瑞利波具有能量大、信噪比高等特点,可以用来反演介质内部的力学信息,近年来在浅层地球物理勘探、深层地震学研究以及超声波无损检测等多个领域都有较广泛的应用。目前大多数瑞利波的应用中都假设介质是弹性的,然而实际中岩石、土壤和金属等介质都在一定程度上体现出了黏弹性。当介质的黏弹性较强时仍然采用弹性假设研究其中瑞利波的反演将增大误差,因此有必要考虑黏弹性介质中的瑞利波反演,但是目前这方面的研究仍不够深入。本文研究黏弹性介质中瑞利波频散曲线和衰减系数曲线的反演问题,给出其在半空间中联合反演的方法,并对该方法的误差进行分析。 相似文献
7.
Rayleigh面波的频散特性可以用来研究地表浅层结构. 本文使用时域有限差分法来模拟复杂黏弹性介质中的Rayleigh面波,研究了Q值对面波频散特性的影响.文中采用旋转交错网格有限差分,以非分裂卷积形式的完全匹配层为吸收边界,推出了求解二阶位移-应力各向同性黏弹性波动方程的数值方法.为了检验数值解的精度,首先将简单模型的正演结果与解析解对比,验证了方法的正确性;然后模拟了横向缓变层状介质和含有洞穴的介质中的面波,对弹性和黏弹性介质中的面波的频散特性进行对比分析.模拟结果表明浅层Q值对面波的频散特性有显著的影响;强吸收情况下,高阶面波的能量相对低阶面波能量显著增强. 相似文献
8.
本文通过数值模拟研究了介质黏弹性对瑞雷波传播的影响.模拟采用结合了交错Adams-Bashforth时间积分法、应力镜像法和多轴完美匹配层的标准交错网格高阶有限差分方案.通过模拟结果和理论结果对比,测试了方法的精度,验证了结果的正确性.在均匀半空间模型中,分别从波场快照、波形曲线及频散能量图三个角度,对黏弹性介质瑞雷波衰减和频散特性进行了详细分析.两层速度递增模型被用于进一步分析瑞雷波在黏弹性层状介质中的特性.结果表明：由于介质的黏弹性,瑞雷波振幅发生衰减,高频成分比低频成分衰减更剧烈,衰减程度随偏移距增大而增强;瑞雷波相速度发生频散,且随频率增大而增大,频散能量的分辨率有所降低;黏弹性波动方程中的参考频率,不会影响瑞雷波振幅衰减和相速度频散的程度,但决定了黏弹性和弹性介质瑞雷波相速度相等的频率位置.本研究有助于人们更好地理解地球介质中瑞雷波的行为,并为瑞雷波勘探的应用和研究提供了科学和有价值的参考. 相似文献
9.
Observation has been conducted on soft surface ground with a sloping basement to clarify the effects of lateral inhomogeneity on ground motions and strains induced by seismic waves and to examine the frequency characteristics of the ground surface motions. The scattered Rayleigh wave from the vicinity of the sloping basement has been detected on seismograms and is observed to have a large influence on the ground motions and strains. In this paper the response of the ground is simulated using a hybrid method which combines a particle model and finite element method (FEM). The computed seismograms are in good agreement with observed ones. It is found from the calculations that large ground strains are produced by the scattered Rayleigh waves as well as by the incident shear waves in the surface ground overlying the sloping basement. In addition, the effects of lateral inhomogeneity on an embedded pipeline are examined. The present results are considered to be significant from the viewpoint of earthquake engineering. 相似文献
10.
Rayleigh波勘探方法在探测近地表横波速度、动力学特征等环境与工程地球物理领域获得了广泛应用.这种方法以弹性层状介质理论为基础,然而实际介质具有黏弹性,研究面波在层状黏弹性介质中的传播特征,将为近地表面波勘探提供有益帮助.在某些弹性层状介质模型中,例如存在低速夹层和强波阻抗差异地层模型,Rayleigh波相邻两条频散曲线彼此会非常靠近,产生看似彼此"交叉"的现象,即"osculation"现象,但对于黏弹性介质中的这种现象并没有进行相关的研究.本文利用Muller法计算层状黏弹性介质Rayleigh波频散方程,基于层状介质模型中Rayleigh波频散和衰减曲线连续的性质,结合本征位移曲线特征,分析二层黏弹性介质模型中Rayleigh波频散曲线"交叉"现象以及"交叉"点附近的波动特性.结果表明:与弹性介质相比,黏弹性介质中Rayleigh波的波动特性存在明显差异,随着介质对地震波的损耗越来越强,将导致Rayleigh波频散曲线发生"交叉"现象. 相似文献
11.
High-frequency (≥2 Hz) Rayleigh wave phase velocities can be inverted to shear (S)-wave velocities for a layered earth model up to 30 m below the ground surface in many settings. Given S-wave velocity (VS), compressional (P)-wave velocity (VP), and Rayleigh wave phase velocities, it is feasible to solve for P-wave quality factor QP and S-wave quality factor QS in a layered earth model by inverting Rayleigh wave attenuation coefficients. Model results demonstrate the plausibility of inverting QS from Rayleigh wave attenuation coefficients. Contributions to the Rayleigh wave attenuation coefficients from QP cannot be ignored when Vs/VP reaches 0.45, which is not uncommon in near-surface settings. It is possible to invert QP from Rayleigh wave attenuation coefficients in some geological setting, a concept that differs from the common perception that Rayleigh wave attenuation coefficients are always far less sensitive to QP than to QS. Sixty-channel surface wave data were acquired in an Arizona desert. For a 10-layer model with a thickness of over 20 m, the data were first inverted to obtain S-wave velocities by the multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW) method and then quality factors were determined by inverting attenuation coefficients. 相似文献
12.
An analytical model for describing the propagation and attenuation of Rayleigh waves along the free surface of an elastic porous medium containing two immiscible, viscous, compressible fluids is developed in the present study based on the poroelastic equations formulated by Lo et al. [Lo WC, Sposito G, Majer E. Wave propagation through elastic porous media containing two immiscible fluids. Water Resour Res 2005;41:W02025]. The dispersion equation obtained is complex-valued due to viscous dissipation resulting from the relative motion of the solid to the pore fluids. As an excitation frequency is stipulated, the dispersion equation that is a cubic polynomial is numerically solved to determine the phase speed and attenuation coefficient of Rayleigh waves in Columbia fine sandy loam permeated by an air–water mixture. Our numerical results show that, corresponding to three dilatational waves, there is also the existence of three different modes of Rayleigh wave in an unsaturated porous medium, which are designated as the R1, R2, and R3 waves in descending order of phase speed, respectively. The phase speed of the R1 wave is non-dispersive (frequency-independent) in the frequency range we examined (10 Hz–10 kHz) and decreases as water saturation increases, whose magnitude ranges from 20% to 49% of that of the first dilatational wave with respect to water content. However, it is revealed numerically that the R2 and R3 waves are functions of excitation frequency. Given the same water saturation and excitation frequency, the phase speeds of the R2 and R3 waves are found to be approximately 90% of those of the second and third dilatational waves, respectively. The R1 wave has the lowest attenuation coefficient whereas the R3 wave attenuates highest. 相似文献
13.
M. D. Sharma 《Journal of Seismology》2014,18(1):61-79
This study considers the propagation of Rayleigh waves in a generalized thermoelastic half-space with stress-free plane boundary. The boundary has the option of being either isothermal or thermally insulated. In either case, the dispersion equation is obtained in the form of a complex irrational expression due to the presence of radicals. This dispersion equation is rationalized into a polynomial equation, which is solvable, numerically, for exact complex roots. The roots of the dispersion equation are obtained after removing the extraneous zeros of this polynomial equation. Then, these roots are filtered out for the inhomogeneous propagation of waves decaying with depth. Numerical examples are solved to analyze the effects of thermal properties of elastic materials on the dispersion of existing surface waves. For these thermoelastic Rayleigh waves, the behavior of elliptical particle motion is studied inside and at the surface of the medium. Insulation of boundary does play a significant role in changing the speed, amplitude, and polarization of Rayleigh waves in thermoelastic media. 相似文献
14.
Aki (1969) first modeled coda waves of a local earthquake as a superposition of scattered surface waves. This paper attempts
to clarify the constituents of surface-wave coda at long periods at very long lapse times. For a large earthquake of magnitude
7 or larger, vertical component oscillation in periods from 90 to 180 s persists for more than 20 hours from the earthquake
origin time. Although the early portion of the coda envelope is successfully modeled by assuming incoherent scattered Rayleigh
waves by heterogeneities distributed all over the Earth, the later potion of the observed coda envelope (roughly later than
35,000 s) has systematically larger amplitude than theoretical prediction. To clarify the cause of this discrepancy, we studied
the constituents of vertical-component seismograms of three large earthquakes recorded by the F-net in Japan using the f-k power spectral analysis. We found that the direct and scattered fundamental-mode Rayleigh waves of velocity about 3.7 km/s
are dominant in the earlier part of each envelope. It justifies the use of a scattering model of the fundamental Rayleigh
waves for synthesizing the envelope. At lapse times later than 20,000 s–35,000 s, higher modes with phase velocities around
20 km/s become dominant. The transition time to the dominance of higher modes is found to become earlier for a deeper focus
earthquake. The small coda attenuation factor from (1.90±0.23) × 10−3 to (2.38±0.32) × 10−3 estimated from later coda envelopes recorded at IRIS stations distributed worldwide also agrees with the attenuation factor
of spheroidal modes according to PREM. We may interpret that higher mode waves are uniformly distributed at large lapse time
due to large velocity dispersion and/or scattering and they dominate over the fundamental mode waves because of smaller attenuation
in the lower mantle. The coda attenuation measurement proposed by Aki is found to be useful even for long periods and at very
large lapse times. 相似文献
15.
I. C. Simpson 《地震工程与结构动力学》1978,6(3):247-263
A two-dimensional soil-structure interaction analysis is carried out for transient Rayleigh surface waves that are incident on a structure. The structure is modelled by a three-degree of freedom rigid basemat to which is attached a flexible superstructure, modelled by a single mass-spring system. The structural responses to a given Rayleigh wave train are compared with those that would have been obtained if the free-field acceleration-time history had been applied as a normally incident body wave. The results clearly exhibit the [frequency filtering] effects of the rigid basemat on the incident Rayleigh waves. It is shown that, if seismic excitation of a structure is, in fact, due to Rayleigh surface waves, then an analysis assuming normally incident body waves can considerably over-estimate structural response, both at basemat level for horizontal and vertical motions and for vertical oscillations of the superstructure. However, in the examples considered here, relatively large rocking effects were induced by the Rayleigh waves, thus giving maximum horizontal accelerations in the superstructure that were of comparable magnitude for Rayleigh and normally incident body waves. 相似文献
16.
Feasibility of waveform inversion of Rayleigh waves for shallow shear-wave velocity using a genetic algorithm 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Chong Zeng Jianghai Xia Richard D. MillerGeorgios P. Tsoflias 《Journal of Applied Geophysics》2011,75(4):648-655
Conventional surface wave inversion for shallow shear (S)-wave velocity relies on the generation of dispersion curves of Rayleigh waves. This constrains the method to only laterally homogeneous (or very smooth laterally heterogeneous) earth models. Waveform inversion directly fits waveforms on seismograms, hence, does not have such a limitation. Waveforms of Rayleigh waves are highly related to S-wave velocities. By inverting the waveforms of Rayleigh waves on a near-surface seismogram, shallow S-wave velocities can be estimated for earth models with strong lateral heterogeneity. We employ genetic algorithm (GA) to perform waveform inversion of Rayleigh waves for S-wave velocities. The forward problem is solved by finite-difference modeling in the time domain. The model space is updated by generating offspring models using GA. Final solutions can be found through an iterative waveform-fitting scheme. Inversions based on synthetic records show that the S-wave velocities can be recovered successfully with errors no more than 10% for several typical near-surface earth models. For layered earth models, the proposed method can generate one-dimensional S-wave velocity profiles without the knowledge of initial models. For earth models containing lateral heterogeneity in which case conventional dispersion-curve-based inversion methods are challenging, it is feasible to produce high-resolution S-wave velocity sections by GA waveform inversion with appropriate priori information. The synthetic tests indicate that the GA waveform inversion of Rayleigh waves has the great potential for shallow S-wave velocity imaging with the existence of strong lateral heterogeneity. 相似文献
17.
基于萤火虫算法的雷瑞波非线性反演(英文) 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
雷瑞波具有强振幅、低频和低速的特点,在反射地震勘探中通常是需要被压制的强噪声。本文研究如何利用雷瑞波获取近地表地层的横波速度和地下结构,选取萤火虫优化算法进行面波的反演,萤火虫优化算法是一种新的粒子群算法理论,具有稳定、快捷、全局搜索等特点。针对萤火虫优化算法优缺点进行了讨论和改进,通过对理论模型和野外数据的测试应用,将提取的瑞利面波频散曲线反演得到横波速度信息。结果表明萤火虫优化算法能实现面波非线性反演,并具有分辨率高、抗干扰能力强等优点和实际使用前景。 相似文献
18.
19.
High-frequency (≥ 2 Hz) Multi-channel Analysis of Love Waves (MALW) provides a practical way to determine velocity of horizontally polarized shear (SH) waves for a layered earth model up to 30 m below the ground surface in many geological settings. The information used in the MALW method is phase of Love waves. Information on amplitude of Love waves is not utilized in the MALW method. In this paper we present a method that uses information on amplitude of high-frequency Love waves to estimate quality factors (Qs) of near-surface materials. Unlike Rayleigh waves, attenuation coefficients (amplitude) of Love waves are independent of quality factors for P waves and are function of quality factors of Love waves. In theory, a fewer parameters make the inversion of attenuation coefficients of Love waves more stable and reduce the degree of nonuniqueness. We discussed sensitivity of an inversion system based on a linear relationship between attenuation coefficients and dissipation factors (1/Qs). The sensitivity analysis suggested that damping and constraints to an inversion system are necessary to obtain a smooth and meaningful quality factor model when no other information is available. We used synthetic and real-world data to demonstrate feasibility of inversion of attenuation coefficients of high-frequency Love-wave data acquired with the MALW method for quality factors with a linear, damped and constrained system. 相似文献
20.
地下衬砌洞室对Rayleigh波的放大作用 总被引：8，自引：3，他引：5
本文利用波函数展开法,给出了半空间中圆形衬砌洞室引起的Rayle igh波散射问题的一个级数解,并通过对求解技术的改进,获得了高频解答。论文通过入射波长、洞室直径、衬砌刚度和埋置深度等参数分析,研究了地下洞室对Rayle igh波的放大作用。数值结果表明,地下洞室情况下地表位移幅值可以达到无洞室情况的2.6倍以上;多数情况下,柔性衬砌洞室情况地表位移幅值最大,无衬砌洞室情况次之,刚性衬砌情况最小。 相似文献