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1.
《浙江气象》2016,(2)
利用舟山市定海基准站1954—2015年气温、降水资料,探讨分析了海岛地区的气温和降水变化。结果表明:1)海岛地区的气温在1954—1990年间变化趋势不明显,90年代后才呈变暖趋势,气温在1998年发生突变,1954—2015年线性倾向值为0.0168℃/a,变暖时间比内陆城市偏晚,变暖幅度偏小;春季气温变暖率最大,其次是冬季,夏秋最少;平均最高气温变暖最明显,对舟山市气温的整体上升贡献最大,平均最低气温变化最平缓,且秋季没有明显的变化趋势。2)降水量呈现逐渐增多趋势,四季中夏季增多最明显,近年来有减少趋势,冬季降水90年代以来缓慢增加。3)62 a来共出现严重的冷冬8次,暖冬3次,多雨事件7次,少雨6次。 相似文献
2.
根据19712010年西藏定日站的平均气温、最高、最低气温的逐月资料,分析了该地区近40a来气温变化特征。结果表明:近40年来定日县的年及各季节的平均气温均呈明显的上升趋势,其中,年平均气温的线性倾向率为0.394℃/10a,冬季平均气温的升温幅度最大,其次是春季和秋季,夏季的升温幅度最小。年平均最高、最低气温与年平均气温的变化趋势一致,均呈上升趋势,年平均最高气温线性倾向率为0.372℃/10a;年平均最低气温线性倾向率为0.445℃/10a,最低气温的上升速率高于最高气温。不同时段的平均气温基本上在1997年之后上升趋势非常明显,最高、最低气温在20世纪90年代以后才出现温度的上升突变。 相似文献
3.
文章利用招远国家气象观测站1981-2015年气温观测资料,运用趋势滑动平均和线性倾向估计方法对招远气象站气温变化特征进行了分析.结果表明:1981-2015年招远气象站年平均气温以0.22℃/10a的速率呈明显上升趋势,且具有明显的阶段性变化特征.季节平均气温均以不同速率上升,冬季气温上升趋势最为显著.年平均最高气温、最低气温均呈上升趋势,年平均最低气温上升趋势最显著.受热岛效应的影响,年平均最低气温的上升速率远大于年平均最高气温.除夏季平均最高气温呈缓慢下降趋势,其他季节均呈上升趋势,且冬季平均最低气温上升趋势最为明显.平均最低气温的快速上升使得气温日较差呈减小趋势. 相似文献
4.
利用浙江省沿海宁波鄞州站(城区)、台州洪家站(郊区)和宁波石浦站(海岛)1956-2018年夏季(6-8月)逐日最高、最低气温和1978-2017年宁波城市化进程参数资料,研究城市化进程与夏季极端气温及高温热浪之间的关系。结果表明:1)宁波城区夏季的最高、最低气温的增幅分别为0.306℃/10a、0.271℃/10a,台州郊区增幅与之接近,海岛增幅最小;城区气温的突变时间均早于郊区和海岛的;热岛效应对城区的最高、最低气温变化贡献率分别为57.8%和53.5%,不仅对气温增幅占比大,而且其突变时间要早于城区及对比站气温本身的突变时间。2)宁波是高温热浪袭击较为频繁的城市,20世纪90年代开始强高温热浪较集中,21世纪以来高温热浪尤为严重;台州郊区20世纪各级高温热浪频次变化不大,但21世纪较20世纪明显增多。3)宁波城市化发展对高温热浪影响显著,城市化对高温热浪贡献率,相对于郊区站为46.1%,相对于海岛站接近100.0%。4)宁波城市化进程参数K的突变时间与城区的夏季平均最高、最低气温的突变时间一致,与高温日数、平均及极端最高气温、高温热浪频数均显著正相关,其中与平均最高气温的相关性最高。 相似文献
5.
《干旱气象》2020,(3)
利用浙江省沿海宁波市鄞州站(城区)和石浦站(海岛)1956—2018年逐日最高气温、最低气温、相对湿度和风速资料,结合宁波1978—2017年城市化进程参数,研究城市化进程对人体舒适度气象指数(BCMI)及相关气象要素的影响。结果表明:(1)宁波沿海城市城区和海岛年平均最高气温、最低气温均呈增高趋势,城市化进程对城区最高气温、最低气温增幅的贡献率分别为32.3%、48.8%;(2)城市化导致城区年平均相对湿度呈减小趋势,海岛站相对湿度变化不明显;(3)城区和海岛年平均风速均呈减小趋势,城区风速突变年份相对更早,但风速的减小主要是气候自然变化所致,与城市化进程关系不大;(4)气温对人体舒适度指数BCMI的影响最大,城区夏季和冬季极端气温下的BCMI均表现出增大趋势,夏季往炎热不舒适方向发展,冬季则往舒适方向发展;(5)宁波城市化进程参数K与城区BCMI表现出明显的正相关性,城市化进程对城区夏季最高气温和冬季最低气温增幅的贡献率分别为57.8%和46.1%。 相似文献
6.
采用线性倾向估计方法计算了呼和浩特站四季及年平均气温、平均最高、平均最低气温及极端最高、极端最低气温、气温日较差多年来的变化趋势,并用最优二分割方法、Mann-kendall非参数统计检验方法对平均气温、平均最高、平均最低气温进行气候阶段划分和突变检验.结果表明各个季节和年平均气温都存在显著的增高趋势,其中冬季和年平均气温增温趋势非常显著;最高、最低气温存在明显的非对称变化,增温主要发生在夜间,无论平均最低气温还是极端最低气温都存在显著的增高趋势,气温日较差都呈显著下降趋势.平均气温、平均最低气温、平均最高气温在1986年前后发生了明显突变. 相似文献
7.
海南岛最高和最低气温的非对称变化 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
利用海南岛具有46年资料的13个站点1959-2004年1月、4月、7月、10月及年平均温度、平均最高最低温度、极端最高最低温度，研究海南气温变化的气候特征，结果表明，海南岛最高最低气温变化在空间分布，线性增温趋势的稳定性、倾向率和突变现象均有明显的非对称性特征：最高气温变化的空间分布表现为北高南低，而最低气温变化的空间分布表现为南高北低；各季节的平均最低气温的线性趋势均稳定，极端最低气温在冬季和夏季线性增温趋势稳定，而各季的平均、极端最高气温增温趋势均不稳定；最低气温的倾向率在各个季节或年平均上比最高气温的倾向率大得多，冷季的线性倾向率明显大于暖季；平均最高气温在四季均不存在明显突变，而平均最低气温则均有突变。 相似文献
8.
文章利用招远国家气象观测站1981—2015年气温观测资料,运用趋势滑动平均和线性倾向估计方法对招远气象站气温变化特征进行了分析。结果表明:1981—2015年招远气象站年平均气温以0.22℃/10a的速率呈明显上升趋势,且具有明显的阶段性变化特征。季节平均气温均以不同速率上升,冬季气温上升趋势最为显著。年平均最高气温、最低气温均呈上升趋势,年平均最低气温上升趋势最显著。受热岛效应的影响,年平均最低气温的上升速率远大于年平均最高气温。除夏季平均最高气温呈缓慢下降趋势,其他季节均呈上升趋势,且冬季平均最低气温上升趋势最为明显。平均最低气温的快速上升使得气温日较差呈减小趋势。 相似文献
9.
利用商洛市7个国家气象站1961—2020年近60 a的日平均气温、月平均气温、月最高气温、月最低气温等资料,选取10种极端气温指数,采用线性趋势分析、Mann-Kendall非参数检验、累积距平法,对商洛平均气温、最高气温、最低气温的年际、年代际、季节变化特征,异常性及极端性进行了分析。结果表明：近60 a来商洛年平均气温、平均最高气温、平均最低气温的年际变化呈上升趋势,其中平均最高气温的线性倾向率最大;除平均最低气温冬季线性倾向率呈下降趋势外,平均最低气温的春季、夏季、秋季和年平均气温、平均最高气温四季变化均呈上升趋势,年平均气温、平均最高气温春季线性倾向率最大,平均最低气温夏季线性倾向率最大;季节气温的年代际变化特点为20世纪60—90年代为相对偏冷期,21世纪为相对偏暖期;通过M-K突变检验和累积距平法得出商洛年平均气温发生了由低温到高温的突变,突变时间在1987—1988年;分析平均气温异常性得出偏暖年份多出现在21世纪之后,偏冷年份多出现在20世纪90年代以前,尤其集中在60年代中期左右,秋季偏暖年份最多,春季偏冷年份最多;近60 a极端最高气温有显著的年际变化,暖夜日数呈增多趋势,冷夜日数呈减少趋势,暖昼日数较冷昼日数增多明显,昼指数变化较夜指数变化明显,热指数呈上升趋势,冷指数呈下降趋势,进一步说明商洛呈增温趋势。 相似文献
10.
基于昆明地区11站点最近40 a逐年的年平均气温、年平均最高气温、年平均最低气温等气象资料,使用标准差、线性倾向率和信噪比SNR指标及相关检验方法,从多个角度综合分析最近40 a昆明地区气温变化特点和规律。结果表明:近40a来昆明地区气候变暖趋势明显,1971—1990年变暖趋势相对缓慢,进入1990年以来气候变暖加剧;秋冬季变暖比春夏季变暖更为突出;最低气温增温趋势比最高气温、平均气温更为明显,低温增温对气候变暖贡献突出。进入1990年后期,昆明地区气候变暖伴随气温突变出现,1998年昆明地区各区域年平均气温和年平均最低气温都存在气温突变现象。 相似文献
11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
12.
Fei LIU Chen XING Jinbao LI Bin WANG Jing CHAI Chaochao GAO Gang HUANG Jian LIU Deliang CHEN 《大气科学进展》2020,37(7):663-670
正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment. 相似文献
13.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
14.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
15.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
16.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
17.
Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter. 相似文献
18.
Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings 
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下载免费PDF全文 正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any 相似文献
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《大气科学进展》2014,(6)
正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang; 相似文献