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1.
为探讨不同饵料对青蛤(Cyclina sinensis)与文蛤(Meretrix meretrix)生长和存活的影响,本实验选用紫菜(Pyropia)、浒苔(Enteromorpha prolifera)、海带(Laminaria japonica)、小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)和人工配合饲料5种饵料,采用单一饵料投喂方式进行饲养.结果表明:小球藻组中特定生长率、存活率及饲料转换率与各饵料组均有显著性差异(P<0.05),青蛤的增质量率显著低于紫菜组、海带组及人工配合饲料组(P>0.05).在人工配合饲料组中青蛤与文蛤的特定生长率与各饵料组均有显著性差异(P<0.05),青蛤的增质量率与各饵料组无显著性差异(P>0.05),文蛤的增质量率显著高于紫菜组、浒苔组及人工配合饲料组(P<0.05).在3组大型藻中,海带组中青蛤的特定生长率为0.07％,增质量率为4.59％,饵料转换率为7.09％,存活率为74％;文蛤的特定生长率0.13％,增质量率为8.36％,饵料转换率为1.41％,存活率为55.6％.综上,小球藻和人工配合饲料有利于青蛤和文蛤的生长,在3组大型藻中,投喂海带有利于文蛤和青蛤的生长和存活.  相似文献   

2.
为研究剧毒卡尔藻(Karlodinium veneficum)与东海原甲藻(Prorocentrum donghaiense)之间的化感作用,在f/2营养盐条件下,分别采用了混合培养及滤液培养的方法。结果表明:剧毒卡尔藻指数生长后期的无藻细胞滤液明显抑制了东海原甲藻的生长,而东海原甲藻滤液对剧毒卡尔藻的生长几乎无影响,化感作用作为重要的影响因素使剧毒卡尔藻获得竞争优势。将剧毒卡尔藻指数生长末期的无藻细胞滤液置于固相萃取(SPE) C18小柱,经吸附、不同比例的甲醇溶液洗脱,考察不同洗脱部分对东海原甲藻生长的影响,发现80%的甲醇洗脱部分明显抑制了东海原甲藻的生长。本研究为了解剧毒卡尔藻的竞争机制提供了重要的科学依据,今后将重点分析剧毒卡尔藻释放的有效抑制东海原甲藻生长的化感物质。  相似文献   

3.
Seepiophila jonesi is a vestimentiferan tubeworm (Siboglinidae: Polychaeta) inhabiting the cold seeps of the upper slope of the Gulf of Mexico. It commonly co‐occurs with Lamellibrachia luymesi, which is among the most long‐lived non‐clonal animals known. The growth pattern of S. jonesi is best described by a model including a size‐specific probability of growth and an average growth rate that does not vary with individual size. This model, based on growth data from in situ staining and collection approximately 1 year later, predicts that S. jonesi is very slow growing and may attain ages comparable with L. luymesi. The efficacy of this model in describing L. luymesi growth rate was assessed, but the previously employed model of declining growth rate with individual size provided the better fit to the empirical data. Comparisons of both S. jonesi and L. luymesi growth rates among sites and among aggregations within a site indicate that there is some degree of habitat variability contributing to differences in growth rates. However, position of the anterior end of the worm within an aggregation did not have a significant effect on growth rate in comparisons among groups of L. luymesi from different distances from the center of an aggregation. The evolution of longevity in these species of vestimentiferans was favored by the relative stability of the seep habitat and sulfide sources, in contrast to the hydrothermal vent environment inhabited by relatively short‐lived and fast‐growing vestimentiferan species.  相似文献   

4.
本文主要探究了东海原甲藻(Prorocentrum donghaiense)与三角褐指藻(Phaeodactylum tricornutum)之间的他感作用。在实验室模拟条件下,分别研究了添加比例为10%、40%、60%、90%、100%的三角褐指藻无藻细胞滤液的培养基对东海原甲藻生长的影响,以及相同比例的东海原甲藻无藻细胞滤液培养基对三角褐指藻生长的影响。结果表明,低浓度三角褐指藻滤液对东海原甲藻(P.donghaiense)的生长表现为促进作用,高浓度则抑制其生长,因此,不同浓度的三角褐指藻藻液对东海原甲藻生长表现出两种相反的他感作用效果;而东海原甲藻滤液对三角褐指藻(P.tricornutum)的生长没有显著影响,说明东海原甲藻并未对三角褐指藻表现出他感作用。  相似文献   

5.
Three harmful algal bloom (HAB) species, Phaeocystis globosa, Thalassiosira rotula, and Proro-centrum donghaiense were isolated from the coast of China and cultured in batches at three light intensities (40, 70 and 150 μmol photons·m-2·s-1). The variation patterns of cell numbers and growth rates with light intensity during growth process were different among species. In P. globosa and T. rotula, maximum growth rates were found at 150 μmol photons·m-2·s-1 and ranged from 0.60 divisions per day in T. rotula, to 1.17 divisions per day in P. globosa. The highest growth rate of P. donghaiense, however, was found at 70 μmol photons·m-2·s-1 (0.36 divisions per day). In general, all the three HAB species showed adaptation to increasing light intensity by decreas-ing cellular concentrations of chlorophyll a (Chl a), but the variation patterns during the growth process were species-specific. The cellular concentrations of Chl a in P. donghaiense and T. rotula increased gradually with incubation time, but the opposite trend was found in P. globosa. Most of the pigment ratios and pigment indices of these three species were nearly constant during the growth process and showed small changes at different light intensities illustrating the applicability of chemotaxonomy during the initial and developing stages of HAB events, which is very important to study the ecological issues related to HAB species. Ratios of photoprotective carotenoids, such as diadinoxanthin, diatoxanthin and β,β-carotene to total chlorophylls a (Tchl a) showed the trend of increasing with the increase of light intensity during growth process. The species-specific and pigment-specific variations in pigment ratios/indices at different light intensities during growth pro-cess probably reflected the differences in the pigment composition as well as the adaption capabilities of different species to the changes of physical conditions.  相似文献   

6.
Eight spotted ragged-tooth sharks Carcharias taurus (95–248,4 cm total length TL), ranging in known age from 0 to 16,6 years, were used to investigate the growth of the species in captivity. Total length was measured by a standard technique in some cases and estimated from photographs in others. The accuracy of the photographic technique was evaluated and found adequate for captive growth studies in sharks. Parameters of various growth models were estimated by non-linear regression and the special Von Bertalanffy growth model provided the best fit to the age-length data of the combined sexes. The parameters of the special Von Bertalanffy model are L ∞ = 249,8 cm TL, K = 0,233·year?1, t 0 = ?2,238 years. Longevity of captive C. taurus is greater than 16,6 years.  相似文献   

7.
兼养对雨生红球藻细胞生长的促进作用及藻株差异性   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
结合叶绿素荧光技术,对比研究了不同雨生红球藻藻株在兼养(光照+乙酸钠)培养过程中细胞生长和光合作用的共性与差异性反应。结果表明:兼养明显提高红球藻细胞密度和比生长速率;乙酸钠不仅为红球藻提供异养的有机碳源,而且还明显导致藻细胞光自养的光合综合性能指数发生改变,兼养对细胞生长促进作用的贡献在前期主要来自于其中的异养部分,而在后期却明显来自于自养部分;兼养对细胞生长的促进作用在藻株之间存在一定差异,不同藻株对乙酸钠的适应能力和最适质量浓度也存在明显差异,藻株H0可适应的乙酸钠质量浓度较高,而藻株H6对乙酸钠需求和适应性相对较低。上述结果意味着规模化培养红球藻过程中,针对不同藻株采用适宜乙酸钠兼养方式可有效缩短培养周期,提高生产效率。  相似文献   

8.
Abstract

Growth rates of five species of surf clam were estimated on the Kapiti Coast, southern North Island, New Zealand. Length‐frequencies of sequential population samples were analysed by the computer program, MULTIFAN. Incremental growth of marked individuals was analysed by the computer program, GROTAG. The von Bertalanffy growth parameters k and L 8 estimated by MULTIFAN for Spisula aequilatera (Deshayes in Reeve, 1854) were 0.80 yr?1 and 52.1 mm; for Mactra murchisoni Deshayes in Reeve, 1854 were 0.60 yr?1 and 72.3 mm; and for M. discors Gray, 1837 were 0.35 yr?1 and 60.1 mm. MULTIFAN could not model growth of Paphies donacina (Spengler, 1793) and Dosinia anus (Philippi, 1848) from the population samples. The growth parameters estimated by GROTAG for D. anus were 0.53 yr?1 and 53.0 mm and for M. murchisoni 1.84 yr?1 and 72.4 mm. The growth rates of P. donacina, S. aequilatera, and M. discors were estimated for the size range of their incremental growth data and the estimates are usable for this limited size range only. Growth rates of each species varied with depth in the surf zone in the same way in the North and the South Island. The growth rate of two species was faster in the South Island and asymptotic size of all species was greater in the South Island.  相似文献   

9.
Chattonella antiqua was grown in a nitrogen- or phosphorus-limited semicontinuous culture system. Using the cells in steady growth state, the relationship between growth rate and cell quota and effects of growth conditions on nitrate, ammonium and phosphate uptake were examined. Under nitrogen-limited conditions, growth rate as a function of nitrogen cell quota followed the empirical Droop equation and the uptake of nitrate and ammonium was not significantly affected by growth rate. Similarly, under phosphorus-limited conditions, the growth rate as a function of phosphorus cell quota also followed the Droop equation and phosphate uptake was not significantly affected by growth rate.Combining the results obtained in the present study with those from previous studies on nutrient uptake, half saturation constants for growth (K g ) were calculated for nitrate, ammonium and phosphate. Comparisons ofK g with nutrient concentrations in the Seto Inland Sea in summer, where red tides ofC. antiqua often occur, suggest that phosphate is one of the controlling factors for the population ofC. antiqua.  相似文献   

10.
The hottentot seabream Pachymetopon blochii is a small-sized (maximum 2.67 kg) sparid endemic to southern Africa. It is an important target in South Africa's Western Cape traditional linefishery, particularly in the absence of more valuable pelagic species (such as Thyrsites atun and Seriola lalandi). In 2000, South Africa's linefishery was declared to be in a state of emergency, and commercial fishing effort was consequently reduced by 70%. A subsequent increase in stock biomass and intraspecific competition, coupled with environmental changes, were hypothesised to have thereafter altered the growth rate of hottentot, from 2000 to 2010. This study aimed to revise outdated age–growth models for the hottentot by using modern techniques (sectioned otoliths), and to compare age–growth relationships before and after the declared linefish state of emergency. The maximum age observed was 19 years, with no difference in the growth rate between sexes (p = 0.39–0.43) or time-periods (p = 0.96). Although the growth rate did not change, there is evidence that the age structure of the stock changed between time-periods as a result of changes in fishing pressure between 2000 and 2010. The enhanced recent growth model for hottentot, described as Lt = 418.063 (1 – e?0.104(t – [?4.709])) (pooled sexes; n = 206), indicates a considerably slower growth rate for this species than was proposed previously using whole otoliths and has major implications for effective stock management.  相似文献   

11.
Growth rates of three species of abalone in New Zealand were estimated by fitting data to the von Bertalanffy growth equation. Length‐frequency analysis and tagging were used for Haliotis iris Martyn, and shell growth‐checks were used for H. australis Gmelin and H. virginea Gmelin. The relative growth coefficient (K) and the asymptotic length (L8) were found to be 0.3104 and 146.2 mm respectively for H. iris, 0.3205 and 86.75 mm for H. australis, 0.4460 and 61.5 mm, and 0.3231 and 64.4 mm for H. virginea from two separate localities. An absolute growth curve could be calculated only for Haliotis iris.  相似文献   

12.
Magellania venosa, the largest recent brachiopod, occurs in clusters and banks in population densities of up to 416 ind m?2 in Comau Fjord, Northern Chilean fjord region. Below 15 m, it co‐occurs with the mytilid Aulacomya atra and it dominates the benthic community below 20 m. To determine the question of why M. venosa is a successful competitor, the in situ growth rate of the brachiopod was studied and its overall growth performance compared with that of other brachiopods and mussels. The growth in length was measured between February 2011 and March 2012 after mechanical tagging and calcein staining. Settlement and juvenile growth were determined from recruitment tiles installed in 2009 and from subsequent photocensus. Growth of M. venosa is best described by the general von Bertalanffy growth function, with a maximum shell length (L∞) of 71.53 mm and a Brody growth constant (K) of 0.336 year?1. The overall growth performance (OGP index = 5.1) is the highest recorded for a rynchonelliform brachiopod and in the range of that for Mytilus chilensis (4.8–5.27), but lower than that of A. atra (5.74). The maximal individual production (PInd) is 0.29 g AFDM ind?1 year?1 at 42 mm shell length and annual production ranges from 1.28 to 89.25 g AFDM year?1 m?2 (1–57% of that of A. atra in the respective fjords). The high shell growth rate of M. venosa, together with its high overall growth performance may explain the locally high population density of this brachiopod in Comau Fjord. However, the production per biomass of the population (‐ratio) is low (0.535) and M. venosa may play only a minor role in the food chain. Settling dynamics indicates that M. venosa is a pioneer species with low juvenile mortality. The coexistence of the brachiopod and bivalve suggests that brachiopod survival is affected by neither the presence of potential brachiopod predators nor that of space competitors (i.e. mytilids).  相似文献   

13.
本研究以海洋微藻——赤潮藻海洋卡盾藻(Chattonella marina)与饵料藻青岛大扁藻(Platymonas helgolandica var.tsingtaoensis)为研究对象,采用单培养和共培养的方法,研究二者间的竞争关系,并在此基础上研究海洋卡盾藻去藻过滤液和藻细胞裂解液对青岛大扁藻的化感作用,同时进一步探讨两种海洋微藻间的化感作用对UV-B辐射增强的响应。结果显示:共培养条件下,海洋卡盾藻在2个高浓度下对青岛大扁藻的生长产生显著抑制(P0.05);海洋卡盾藻去藻过滤液和藻细胞裂解液对青岛大扁藻的生长也具有显著抑制作用(P0.05),且藻细胞裂解液的抑制作用更强,说明海洋卡盾藻对青岛大扁藻产生化感作用,且通过细胞间直接接触传递的化感物质多于通过介质传递的。不同密度比例的2种藻共培养组用UV-B辐射(2.16J/m2)处理后,海洋卡盾藻对青岛大扁藻生长的化感作用有所减弱。  相似文献   

14.
摄食水平对异育银鲫生长及能量收支的影响   总被引：31，自引：3，他引：28  
于 1 995年 6月在中国科学院水生生物研究所关桥繁殖场采集异育银鲫自繁鱼种(体重为 1 .2 6± 0 .0 5g) ,采用生长实验的方法 ,在 30℃水温下 ,测定其从饥饿到饱食 6个摄食水平下的生长和能量收支。结果表明 ,随着摄食水平的增加 ,鱼体干物质和能量含量、表观消化率呈上升趋势 ;湿重特定生长率随摄食水平的增加呈线性上升 ,干重和能量特定生长率呈对数增加 ;饲料转化效率随摄食水平增加而增加 ,达到最大值后维持不变。排泄能和总代谢耗能占摄入食物能的比例不受摄食水平的影响。最大摄食水平下的能量收支式为 :1 0 0C =1 2 .32F 3.2 1U 63.74R 2 0 .72G ,式中 ,C为食物能 ,F为粪便能 ,U为排泄能 ,R为代谢能 ,G为生长能。  相似文献   

15.
Pseudopterogorgia acerosa is the tallest gorgonian octocoral found in the Caribbean. In the Cartagena area, Colombia, P. acerosa is commonly harvested as raw material for handicrafts, rendering important the study of its growth and population dynamics. Growth measurements of branches from multiple colonies at two different reefs during 1 year revealed that the main growth was due to rapid elongation of the main (‘mother’) branch and production of daughter branches from the same (or just a few) mother branch(es). Some small colonies doubled their original size in a year. The branches’ absolute growth rate was weakly correlated with size, with no significant relationships between branch size and percent growth. While the pinnate branching pattern in P. acerosa is similar to its congeners Pseudopterogorgia elisabethae and Pseudopterogorgia bipinnata, it produces taller colonies due to the faster growth rate in the primordial mother branch. This growth mode seems advantageous as it augments exposure to light and higher fluxes of suspended food in the benthic boundary layer. Post‐harvesting, clipped colonies exhibited clear signs of regeneration, even in cases where only the holdfast remained. Pseudopterogorgia acerosa seems to have similar regeneration capabilities respect to other Pseudopterogorgia species, where regenerating colonies may grow faster than intact ones.  相似文献   

16.
The growth rate of speckled snapper Lutjanus rivulatus was investigated using data from a long-term tag-recapture study conducted in the St Lucia Marine Reserve within the iSimangaliso Wetland Park, a World Heritage Site in northern KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. A total of 1 429 L. rivulatus were tagged and 453 (31.7%) individual fish were recaptured one or more times. Growth rates were modelled from the tag-recapture data using a maximum-likelihood approach. It is shown that L. rivulatus is a slow-growing species with L∞ = 918?mm FL, K = 0.06 and phi-prime (Ø, the growth index) = 2.69. The effects of deep-hooking and multiple captures were tested and this revealed that there was no significant impact on the growth of L. rivulatus. The growth index was lower than that recorded in many other similar congeneric species. Slow growth, coupled with high levels of residency and site fidelity, suggest that this species is vulnerable to exploitation and that a precautionary approach towards future management is appropriate.  相似文献   

17.
Rhabdosargus holubi is a small (maximum weight=2.4?kg) yet important fishery species in the estuaries of the south-east coast of South Africa. Little is known of its biology and specifically its growth rate, which is essential for sustainable management of the fishery. We examined and counted the opaque zones in the sectioned otoliths of 134 R. holubi to determine its age and growth parameters. The otoliths from two recaptured fish marked with oxytetracycline confirmed that one opaque zone was deposited annually. The species reached a maximum age of 18 years and growth was adequately described by a von Bertalanffy growth function of the form: Lt = 358.1 (1 – e?0.24(t+0.77)) mm fork length. There were no significant differences between any of the male and female growth parameters (likelihood ratio test: p = 0.3). The growth was slow (omega index: ω = 86.56); however, despite this, the unique life history of R. holubi may provide a degree of resilience to heavy fishing pressure in estuaries.  相似文献   

18.
通过研究硝基苯和间苯二酚对海洋微藻的毒理效应,旨在提示化工废水污染对水环境破坏的严重性,揭示海洋微藻类净化废水的潜在应用。本试验用塔玛亚历山大藻(Alexandrium tamarense)、海链藻(Thalassiosira weissflogii)和绿色巴夫藻(Pavlova viridis)为供试藻种,以微藻生长量及叶绿素 a 的变化为参数,研究不同质量浓度的硝基苯和间苯二酚对3种海洋微藻的毒理效应。结果表明：硝基苯对塔玛藻和巴夫藻的生长具有一定的抑制作用,质量浓度为12mg/L时抑制率分别为22.9%和20.04%,但对海链藻的生长在一定程度上有促进作用。间苯二酚对海链藻和巴夫藻的生长具有抑制作用,质量浓度为12mg/L 时其抑制率分别为26.11%和23.6%,对塔玛亚历山大藻的生长有一定的促进作用。对塔玛亚历山大藻和巴夫藻而言,在硝基苯质量浓度为3mg/L 时,叶绿素 a 含量均达到最低,其叶绿素 a含量分别为对照组的68.6%和50.9%,对于海链藻,硝基苯对其叶绿素a的影响波动不大。间苯二酚对3种海洋微藻叶绿素 a 含量的影响为绿色巴夫藻>海链藻>塔玛亚历山大藻,其叶绿素 a 含量分别是对照组的1.1%,24.9%,88%。  相似文献   

19.
王琨  张崇良  王晶  任一平 《海洋学报》2019,41(12):62-70
传统的渔业资源评估均假设鱼类的生长参数是匀质的，然而近年来越来越多的研究表明海洋鱼类生长存在空间异质性。为探究海州湾鱼类生长参数的空间异质性现象，本研究分析了2013–2018年海州湾及其邻近海域方氏云鳚(Pholis fangi)、尖海龙(Syngnatus acus)、小黄鱼(Larimichthys polyactis)和赤鼻棱鳀(Thryssa kammalensis)的空间分布，使用电子体长频率分析方法结合Bootstrap重抽样方法估算了这4种鱼类的生长参数及其在深、浅水区域中的差异。结果显示，这4种鱼类生长参数均表现出一定的空间异质性，其中尖海龙和小黄鱼生长参数的空间异质性表现较为明显。这种差异可能是由于空间上的理化条件、群落结构以及物种本身洄游分布的差异而产生的。  相似文献   

20.
高原湖泊鱼类生长特性与形态差异研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
根据2009年8—11月洱海流域采集的2991尾鱼类样本,研究了其生长特性与形态差异。结果表明,洱海流域大部分鱼类表现为匀速生长或近匀速生长,但有两种鱼类(中华青、大理裂腹鱼)呈现强异速生长。肥满度以吃食性鱼类最高(鲫、鲤、团头鲂),滤食性鱼类次之(鲢、鳙)。对主要优势种——麦穗鱼、鲫的形态分析表明,洱海麦穗鱼、鲫种群与西湖、茈碧湖、海西海三个湖泊的麦穗鱼、鲫种群在形态上均无显著差异。西湖、茈碧湖、海西海三个湖泊的麦穗鱼种群之间以及鲫种群之间均存在种群间差异(C.D<1.28),其中茈碧湖、海西海两个湖泊的鲫种群在眼径/头长性状上的差异达到亚种水平(C.D=1.5)。  相似文献   

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