共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
以无人飞艇作为载体的时域地空电磁探测系统,具有高效、低成本、勘探深度大和空间分辨率高等优点.本文基于二维有限差分方法,分析了长导线源地空电磁响应的特征和变化规律、以及飞行高度的影响;在此基础上,采用32位Cortex-M3内核处理器,以全差分模拟前端压制电磁干扰,实现了24位低噪声多通道海量电磁数据的同步采样及存储,研制了一套可搭载于无人飞艇的时域电磁接收系统,并基于Wi-Fi Mesh无线多跳网络实现了地面远程监控.通过分析飞艇发动机的电磁噪声特点,采用独立分量分析法进行实测数据的噪声去除.研制的地空电磁接收系统使用无人飞艇搭载,在江苏省南通市如东县和内蒙古巴彦宝力格地区进行了电磁探测实验,地空电磁勘探结果与地面瞬变电磁和大地电磁方法进行了对比,证明了地空电磁探测方法的有效性.无人飞艇时域地空电磁探测系统的成功飞行实验,为在我国草原沙漠地区、海陆交互地带、沼泽地带、无人山区等特殊景观地区开展矿产资源、水资源、地质灾害等电磁探测提供了新方法和新思路. 相似文献
2.
电磁场数值模拟的背景场/异常场算法是三维正演的有效策略之一,优点为采用解析法计算电磁场背景场代替场源项、克服了场源奇异性,缺点为不适用于发射源布置于起伏地表或背景模型复杂的情形.总场算法是直接对电磁场总场开展数值模拟,其难点是有效加载场源、保证近区与过渡区数值解精度.本文以水平电偶源形式分段加载接地长导线源,并以电场总场Helmholtz方程为矢量有限元法控制方程,实现了基于非结构化四面体网格剖分的接地长导线源频率域电磁法三维正演.通过与均匀全空间中水平电偶源产生的电场解析解对比,验证了本文算法的正确性,并分析了四面体外接圆半径与其最短棱边的最大比值和四面体二面角最小值对数值解精度的影响规律.通过与块状高导体地电模型的积分方程法、有限体积法和基于磁矢量势Helmholtz方程的有限元法数值解对比,进一步验证了本文算法正确性,同时说明了非结构化四面体网格能够更加精细地剖分电性异常体,利于获得精确数值解. 相似文献
3.
Summary An initial value induction problem has been solved to examine the response of a massive sulphide ore body under conditions of common occurence. The generalized expression for the induced field due to a step-function dipolar field in the presence of a non-uniformly conducting permeable sphere surrounded by a finitely resistive overburden has been derived. Two cases, when the concentric shell is (i) insulated from and (ii) in galvanic contact with the inner core, have been considered. The analytical results are in computable form to yield the decay-characteristics for application in geoelectromagnetics. Particular cases of the problem treated by the other investigators are discussed.N.G.R.I. Contribution No. 71-234 相似文献
4.
The article discusses the excitation of transient induced polarization responses using current and voltage sources. The first method has found a wide application in induced polarization surveys and—directly or indirectly—in the theory of the induced polarization method. Typically, rectangular current pulses are injected into the earth via grounding electrodes, and decaying induced polarization voltage is measured during the pauses between pulses. In this case, only the secondary field is recorded in the absence of the primary field, which is an important advantage of this method. On the other hand, since the current injected into the ground is fully controlled by the source, this method does not allow studying induced polarization by measuring the current in the transmitter line or associated magnetic field. When energising the earth with voltage pulses, the measured quantity is the transient induced polarization current. In principle, this method allows induced polarization studies to be done by recording the transmitter line current, the associated magnetic field, or its rate of change. The decay of current in a grounded transmitter line depends not only on the induced polarization of the earth but also on the polarization of the grounding electrodes. This problem does not occur when induced polarization transients in the earth are excited inductively. A grounded transmitter line is a mixed‐type source; hence, for a purely inductive excitation of induced polarization transients, one should use an ungrounded loop, which is coupled to the earth solely by electromagnetic induction. 相似文献
5.
为了更好地推进广域电磁法的发展和应用,本文以接地长导线源为例,研究了可控源电磁场全场域的有效趋肤深度.利用频域电偶极源在均匀半空间产生电磁场的闭合表达式,计算了不同电磁场分量定义的有效趋肤深度,并讨论了在不同频率、不同偏移距、不同电导率情况下,有效趋肤深度的变化特性.根据有效趋肤深度随偏移距的变化特征以及与平面波趋肤深度之间的关系,利用多项式拟合的办法在五个不同频率范围内给出了适用于全场域的有效趋肤深度快速估算公式.研究结果表明：不同分量定义的有效趋肤深度是不同的,但是它们随偏移距、频率、电导率等参数的变化趋势是类似的,而且在一定范围内都趋近于平面波趋肤深度.理论模型的研究表明,有效趋肤深度可以作为测量参数选取和数据解释工作的参考依据. 相似文献
6.
地面导线环是变频测深发射天线的一种形式.Wait曾计算了离地面高度为h的小导线环的辐射电阻,但由于所用近似方法的限制,他得出的结果不能用在置于地面的导线环的情况（若令h=0,所给出的辐射电阻将等于∞）.在本文中,我们导出了具有有限半径的地面导线环的辐射电阻表达式（准确的以及近似的）,并给出了数值计算的结果. 相似文献
7.
电性源短偏移距瞬变电磁法(SOTEM)是目前研究和应用较为广泛的一种人工源时间域电磁法工作装置,对深部资源地球物理精细探测具有一定的实际意义.为了深入理解方法内涵并更好地进行推广应用,本文基于电性源瞬变电磁一维正演理论,研究了SOTEM地下感应电流扩散、多分量电磁响应平面分布、多偏移距衰减等特性,然后根据上述特性研究了SOTEM的最佳观测区域.研究结果表明:电性源在地下可以产生水平和垂直两个方向的感应电流.其中,水平感应电流又分为上部水平感应电流和下部水平感应电流(又称作返回电流),水平感应电流的极大值主要集中于发射源附近并垂直向下扩散;垂直感应电流极大值沿与地面呈45°角的方向向下、向外扩散,并且具有较低的振幅和较快的扩散速度.电性源激发的六个方向的电磁场分量都具有一定的探测能力,但是考虑到地面观测的方便性和各分量的传播、分布特点,大多数情况仅利用垂直磁场分量Hz(B/t)和水平电场分量Ex.其中,Hz仅对低阻目标体敏感,且敏感区域位于赤道向区域,并集中在发射源附近;Ex既对低阻体敏感也对高阻体敏感,对低阻体的敏感区域位于赤道向区域,而对高阻体的敏感区域位于轴向区域,并且敏感区域距发射源的距离与目标体埋深和围岩电性有关. 相似文献
8.
Many strong motion records show that under the strong seismic vibration of, the torsional disfigurement of building structures is a common and serious damage. At present, there are no special sensors for measuring seismic rotation in the world. Most of the experts obtain rotational components through observing deformation, theoretical analysis and calculation. The theory of elastic wave and source dynamics also prove the conclusion that the surface of the earth will rotate when an earthquake occurs. Based on a large number of investigations and experiments, a rotational acceleration sensor was developed for the observation of the rotational component of strong ground motions. This acceleration sensor is a double-pendulum passive servo large-damped seismic rotational acceleration sensor with the moving coil transducer. When an earthquake occurs, the seismic rotational acceleration acts on the bottom plate at the same time. The magnetic circuit system and the middle shaft fixedly connected to the bottom plate follow the bottom plate synchronous vibration, and the moving part composed of the mass ring, the swing frame and the moving ring produces relative corners to the central axis. The two working coils mounted on the two pendulums produce the same relative motion with respect to the magnetic gaps of the two magnetic circuits. Both working coils at this time generate an induced electromotive force by cutting magnetic lines of force in the respective magnetic gaps. The generated electromotive forces are respectively input to respective passive servo large damper dynamic ring transducer circuits and angular acceleration adjusting circuits, and the signals are simultaneously input to the synthesizing circuit after conditioning. Finally, the composite circuit outputs a voltage signal proportional to the seismic rotational acceleration to form a seismic rotational acceleration sensor. The paper presents the basic principles of the rotational acceleration sensor, including its mechanical structure diagram, circuit schematic diagram and mathematical models. The differential equation of motion and its circuit equation are derived to obtain the expressions of the main technical specifications, such as the damping ratio and sensitivity. The calculation shows that when the damping ratio is much larger than 1, the output voltage of the passive servo large damping dynamic coil transducer circuit is proportional to the ground rotation acceleration, and the frequency characteristic of bandpass is wider when the damping ratio is larger. Based on the calibration test, the dynamic range is greater than or equal to 100dB and the linearity error is less than 0.05%. The amplitude-frequency characteristics, the phase-frequency characteristics and their corresponding curves of the passive servo rotational acceleration sensor are acquired through the calculations. Based on the accurate measurement of the micro-vibration of the precision rotating vibration equipment, the desired result is obtained. The measured data are presented in the paper, which verify the correctness of the calculation result. The passive servo large damping rotational acceleration sensor has simple circuit design, convenient operation and high resolution, and can be widely applied to seismic acceleration measurement of earthquake or structure. 相似文献
9.
Feasibility of signal enhancement with multiple grounded‐wire sources for a frequency‐domain electromagnetic survey 
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下载免费PDF全文 Haigen Zhou Yao Yao Changsheng Liu Jun Lin Lili Kang Gang Li Xinsen Zeng 《Geophysical Prospecting》2018,66(4):818-832
Frequency‐domain electromagnetic methods with a grounded‐wire source are powerful tools in geophysical exploration. However, the signal may be too weak to guarantee the quality of survey data in complex electromagnetic environments, especially when the receiver is located in the air for the newly developed grounded‐source airborne frequency‐domain electromagnetic method. In this paper, a signal enhancement method with multiple sources is proposed to solve this problem. To evaluate the signal enhancement effect, we compared the signals generated by a single source and multiple sources with equal electric moment. The signal differences caused by synchronisation error and separation distance between source elements were analysed, and the methods to achieve maximum signal were introduced. Besides, we discussed the interaction between adjacent source elements to ensure the system safety, including the changes in output current and the safe distance between two sources using a dual‐source model. Lastly, a comprehensive field experiment was designed and conducted to test the multiple‐source method. The data processing results are comparable for single and dual sources, and the signal‐to‐noise ratio of dual source is higher in the field test. The subsurface resistivity structure at the test site is consistent with the previous controlled‐source audio‐frequency magnetotellurics method. These results show that signal enhancement with multiple sources is feasible. This study provides guidance to the application of multiple sources in field surveys when the survey environment is complex and rigorous. 相似文献
10.
The first section of the paper describes the developed self-powered, chassis mounted mobile Energy-4 generator, which has a power of 29 kW and a maximum output voltage of up to 1200 V. The generator operates in the audio frequency range (2–2000 Hz) and is designed for electromagnetic sounding of the Earth’s upper crust in the search for minerals and monitoring of earthquake source zones in seismically active regions. The main power units of the generator are a PWM inverter and a step-up transformer. The inverter is powered by two DC generators mounted on the driveshaft of a truck, in the body of truck of which the generator is mounted. The circuit diagram and operation of the generator are considered, as well as individual design solutions that made it possible to increase the amplitude of the output voltage and, consequently, the current in grounded power lines. The second section is devoted to full-scale tests of the Energy-4 generator in the Kovdor-2015 experiment, during which multipath frequency soundings with 25 and 50 km spacings were carried out on the territory of the Enskii–Kovdor granite-gneiss complex composed of rocks of the Archaean basement of the Baltic Shield. As a result of the experiment, a ubiquitous intermediate conducting dilatancy-diffusion layer (DD layer) was found at depths from 2–3 to 5–9 km in an area of 100 × 200 km. The parameters of this layer have been investigated. The layer is considered a seismically active element of the brittle Earth’s upper crust with a thickness of 10–15 km. 相似文献
11.
12.
Paul J. Sanders 《Ground Water Monitoring & Remediation》1984,4(1):39-42
A composite tape has been developed which can be the link to various sensing devices for measuring ground water parameters. The tape consists of a standard steel engineering tape with two conductors at the edges of the tape, similar to a TV antenna wire. The tape coating is clear Tefzel®, which has outstanding chemical and physical resistance. At the bottom end of the tape is a probe which can sense either water level by conductivity, a layer of organic liquid by an optical device, temperature by advanced semiconductor temperature transducers, pH, dissolved oxygen, absolute conductivity, or any other measurement that can be made with a small in situ probe.
The steel tape itself provides one of three conductors and, because of its thin, flat shape, provides an excellent ground plane for electronic noise reduction. A multiplexing circuit commonly used in the electronics industry is placed inside the probe tip housing and routinely allows up to 16 signals to be transmitted to the hub at ground level. Most probes can be powered with a common 9V rechargeable battery. Signals are given either by low power-consuming light-emitting diodes (LEDs) ∼ 5 milliamperes (mA), piezo-audible alarms ∼ 3mA, or liquid crystal displays ∼ l-2mA
This configuration allows for extremely accurate depth profiles of the desired parameters. 相似文献
The steel tape itself provides one of three conductors and, because of its thin, flat shape, provides an excellent ground plane for electronic noise reduction. A multiplexing circuit commonly used in the electronics industry is placed inside the probe tip housing and routinely allows up to 16 signals to be transmitted to the hub at ground level. Most probes can be powered with a common 9V rechargeable battery. Signals are given either by low power-consuming light-emitting diodes (LEDs) ∼ 5 milliamperes (mA), piezo-audible alarms ∼ 3mA, or liquid crystal displays ∼ l-2mA
This configuration allows for extremely accurate depth profiles of the desired parameters. 相似文献
13.
K. MALLICK 《Geophysical Prospecting》1973,21(1):102-108
With the help of the principle of superposition the Input response of a conducting infinite horizontal homogeneous cylinder is synthesised from its step-function response. The variation of transient peaks and the time lag between the secondary and primary fields with the cylinder constitution parameter are illustrated. 相似文献
14.
Turning off low and high currents in a transmitter loop used in the transient electromagnetic method
Nikolai O. Kozhevnikov Maxim V. Sharlov Sergei M. Stefanenko 《Geophysical Prospecting》2020,68(5):1676-1688
In near-surface transient electromagnetic studies, it is desirable to measure the transient response starting from the earliest possible time. This requires the current in the transmitter loop to be switched off quickly, which necessitates working with a low transmitter current. As for deep-target transient electromagnetic studies, the transmitter current is as high as possible. The transmitter current's turn-off waveform and total duration affect the transient voltage response, especially at early times, which is to be accounted for when interpreting transient electromagnetic data. This article discusses the difference in switching off low and high current in a horizontal loop used as the source of the primary magnetic field in the transient electromagnetic method. Low and high currents are turned off in fundamentally different ways. When the current to be switched off is low, the loop can be represented as a symmetric combination of two transmission lines grounded at the middle of the loop perimeter. Such a representation of a loop allows calculating the current turn-off waveform at any point of the loop. The waveform and total duration of switching off a low current does not depend on its magnitude, but is determined by the period of natural oscillations of the current in the loop and the resistance of a shunting resistor. Switching off a low current in a loop can be represented as the sum of stepped current waves travelling along the loop wire. As a consequence, the current at different points of the loop perimeter is turned off at different times. In contrast to a low current, a high current is switched off linearly in time and synchronously at all points of the loop perimeter. The wave phenomena appear only at the very beginning of the current shutdown for a time interval that is much less than the total current turn-off duration. Presentation of the loop using a simple lumped-circuit model predicts the waveform and duration of the high current turn-off that coincide with the measured ones. There are two reasons why the article may be of interest to those engaged in the theory and/or practice of electromagnetic geophysical methods. First, it contributes to a general understanding of how the current in the transmitter loop is turned off. Second, the article shows how the parameters of a transmitter loop determine the current turn-off duration and thus the minimum depth of the transient electromagnetic sounding method. 相似文献
15.
C.-C. P. Tsai 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1997,149(2):265-297
—A new, yet simple, method using the asperity model to estimate ground motion in the near-source regime for probabilistic seismic hazard analyses is proposed in this study. This near-source model differs from conventional empirical attenuation equations. It correlates peak ground motions with the local contributing source in terms of the static stress drop released non-uniformly on the causative fault plane rather than with the whole seismic source in terms of magnitude. Here the model is simplified such that ground motions at a rock or firm soil site near extended vertical strike-slip faults are dominated by direct shear waves. The proposed model is tested by comparing its predictions with strong ground motion observations from the 1979 Imperial Valley and the 1984 Morgan Hill earthquakes. The results have revealed that ground motions in the near-source region can be adequately predicted using the asperity model with appropriate calibration factors. The directivity effect of ground motion in the near-source region is negligible for high-frequency accelerations. The cut-off frequency (?max?) at a site is an important parameter in the near-source region. Higher values of ?max yield higher estimates of peak ground accelerations. For high-frequency structures, ?max should be carefully estimated. In the near- source region both non-uniform and uniform source models can produce non-stationary high-frequency ground motions. Peak motions may not be caused by the nearest sections of the fault (even if the uniform source model is considered). 相似文献
16.
Topography can have significant effects on seismic ground response during an earthquake because topographic irregularities cause considerable differences between the seismic waves emitted by the source and the waves reaching the ground surface. When a seismic motion happens in a topographically irregular area, seismic waves are trapped and reflected between the topographic features. Therefore, the interaction between topographies can amplify seismic ground response. In order to reveal how interaction between topographies influences seismic response, several numerical finite element studies have been performed by using the ABAQUS program. The results show that topographic features a greater distance between the seismic source and the site would cause greater seismic motion amplification and is perceptible for the hills far away from the source and the ridges. Also, site acceleration response is impacted by surrounding topography further than site velocity and displacement response. 相似文献
17.
S. K. VERMA 《Geophysical Prospecting》1972,20(4):752-770
A technique utilizing the convolution theorem is developed to obtain the time-domain electromagnetic response for a number of input pulses from the given step-function response. For illustration an idealized model of a homogeneously conducting non-permeable sphere placed in a uniform field is considered. The nature of the responses due to different types of pulses and their usefulness in estimating the constitution parameter of the sphere are discussed. To show the applicability of the suggested technique to generalized systems, calculations for a conducting permeable sphere are presented in the appendix. 相似文献
18.
In order to determine the effect of geometry on the ground response of 2-dimensional (2-D) basins filled with soils that can develop nonlinear response, we use three basin models with width/depth ratios 3, 6 and 10. The three basins are subjected to a suite of rock site records with various magnitudes and source distances. We compute response spectral amplification ratios at four locations on the surface of the 2-D basins, and determine the average variation of the amplification ratios with respect to excitation spectra, for peak ground acceleration (PGA) and 3 spectral periods of 0.2, 0.5, 1 s. Similarly, we compute the average response spectral amplification ratios for two 1-dimensional (1-D) nonlinear models, one having the soil profile at the basin centre and the other having a soil profile at half the depth of the basin. From the relationship between the average amplification ratios and excitation spectra, we determine the cross-over point in terms of excitation spectral values that separate the amplification range from the deamplification range. Our results show that the cross-over point varies significantly from one location to another on the ground surface and from one basin to another, in a range of 0.3–1.1g for PGA. The effects of basin geometry are very strong at weak and moderate excitation, but decrease with increasing excitation spectra in a significant portion around the basin centre. Our results provide some justification for using 1-D models for 2-D basins with a width/depth ratio ?6 if the soil site is subjected to strong ground shaking. 相似文献
19.
本文将确定性数值模拟方法与地震动预测方程相结合,提出了一种重大水电工程场址设定地震的地震动时程生成方法。该方法基于场址设定地震,首先采用地震动预测方程确定场址的场地相关反应谱;其次建立包含震源和场址的场地模型,通过确定性数值模拟方法生成场址地震动时程;最后对生成的场址地震动时程进行调整,使其反应谱与设计谱相一致,用于工程抗震分析。这一方法生成的地震动时程既考虑了震源机制、传播路径以及局部场地效应等物理背景,又与场地相关的设计地震反应谱保持一致,为重大工程抗震分析与评价提供了一种新的思路。 相似文献
20.
近断层地震动对近场区域会造成严重的地震灾害,尤其区域内存在沉积地形时会进一步加重灾害。目前,针对释放能量更大、破坏力更强的逆冲断层地震作用下沉积盆地的地震动响应研究还未见报道。本文即采用谱元法,研究了动力学逆断层地震作用下的三维沉积盆地的动力响应。文中以椭球形沉积盆地为例,对其逆断层地震动响应特性进行了分析,并探讨了改变内外介质波速比和沉积厚度时沉积盆地内部观测点地震动时程和峰值变化规律。研究表明:①沉积内外介质波速比对沉积盆地的地震动影响显著,当沉积内部介质波速比降低时,盆地内部地表的峰值响应增大,地震动持续时间明显延长,尤其是位于盆地中心加速度峰值放大2.08倍,持时延长1.97倍;②沉积盆地厚度同样对其地震动响应产生影响,当沉积厚度增加时盆地中心位置地震动响应减小,加速度峰值缩小约0.64倍,而盆地边缘区域的地震动响应明显增大,峰值放大约1.35倍。 相似文献