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1.
介绍了最强的非参数检验之一Ｍａｎｎ－ＷｈｉｔｎｅｙｕＵ非参数检验方法及其在冰心气候学研究中的应用。由于冰心气候环境记录具有分辨率高、保真性好和所记录的气候环境信息量大等优点，因此将该非参数检验方法用于冰心气候学，可以帮助我们进行一些极端事件的研究，并对厄尔尼诺年古里雅冰心中所记录的降水量及δ＾１８Ｏ的变化进行检验。 相似文献
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气候不稳定性记录研究的新进展 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
将北大西洋地区所发现的气候不稳定性记录的研究状况与中国黄土的高分辨率气候记录相对比表明：东亚气候的不稳定性变化有其独特的一面,尤其是黄土记录中发生于末次冰期的极端气候变化与北大西洋深海沉积物、格陵兰冰心有一定的差别,此时西伯利亚高压的变动使得东亚的大气环流格局的变化更为突出。北半球高纬度地区与中纬度地区所发现的气候不稳定性记录为我们提供了未来气候环境变化的参照系。气候不稳定性变化的证据对认识气候系 相似文献
3.
历史记录提取的近5～2.7ka黄河中下游平原重要气候事件及其环境意义 总被引：26，自引：3，他引：23
在对先秦历史文献可信度高的记录进行考辨的基础上,提取出包含多层面气候变化信息的4个具有典型意义的气候事件,参证于甲骨文等考古学资料,并与竺可桢曲线、郭德冰心δ^18O记录进行对比接受验证,确认了所提取气候事件的客观存在,结论是：5－2．7kaB.P.黄河中下游平原气候环境变化呈多样性,间有高温强降雨、海侵、降尘等现象发生,干旱作为头等灾害一直存在,提取的历史气候事件概括性、真实性强,在过去全球变化研究中可能具有大范围的对比性。 相似文献
4.
理县黄土地层与环境记录 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
理县黄土堆积厚度为7.30 m,可分为S0、S1古土壤层和L1黄土层。光释光结果显示,理县黄土沉积始于末次间冰期,约130 kaBP。磁化率、粒度、碳酸盐含量等经典气候替代指标分析表明,它们可以反映青藏高原东部气候环境变迁。环境记录显示,末次冰期间冰阶(即氧同位素3阶段)期间该区呈现出极端冷湿的气候环境。理县地区气候演化更接近于印度季风强度记录的变化,而与格陵兰冰心和深海氧同位素记录相似性稍差。 相似文献
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地球化学记录在古温度定量恢复研究中的应用 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
气候和环境变化的现今和未来状况是其过去历史的继承和延伸，了解和分析全球与各地区过去气候和环境变化过程是预测未来的前提。近年来古气候学研究的迅速发展，尤其是地球化学记录在古温度定量恢复研究方面的应用，大大增进了人们对全球气候系统的了解。古温度定量恢复的研究，建立代用指标与气候之间的函数关系，极大地丰富了全球变化的研究内容，对重建百万年、万年以及千年、百年的气候历史发挥了重要作用。 相似文献
6.
第四纪地质学家们正在继续探寻表示出２．４Ｍａ以来古气候和其它环境变动的沉积记录。在过去１０年,利用加速器质谱仪能够对极小样品作精确的测年,这有助于对一些含碎屑有机质的第四纪沉积记录进行再分析。１ 冰心和海洋记录近年来,取自格陵兰的冰心记录和北大西洋的沉积岩心提供了揭示气候变化的地球化学代用资料,反映了急剧的气候波动（通常所说的Ｄａｎｓｇａａｒｄ－Ｏｅｓｃｈｇｅｒ和Ｈｅｉｎｒｉｃｈ事件）,尤其是在冰期及其过渡期。在过去一年,南极冰心测年所取得的进展使得这样的问题再次提出：北半球和南半球气候变化是否… 相似文献
7.
东亚季风边缘区气候代用指标的分形比较及其意义 总被引：15，自引：1，他引：14
利用R/S分析东亚季风边缘区祁连山教德冰心、树木车轮、黄土磁化率、CaCO3含量曲线,得到其分维值分别为1．29、1．30、1．19和1．15,证实近百万年来东亚率风演变的特征是长期持续的,即季风边缘区具有干净化趋势,且旱化趋势的成分更为明显。其中,冰心δ18O比率、年轮指数的分维数与乌鞘岭年平均温度记录的分维值1．25接近,黄土磁化率和CaCO3含量的分维数与年降水量记录的分维值1．19一致。虽然这些气候指标是用不同物理单位测量并在不同时间尺度记录的,但分形分析可对它们进行数学比较,从而揭示出不同信息源所包含的气候意义。 相似文献
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过去有关几百万年气候演变的信息,多半来卜＆过深海岩芯同位素记录的时间序列。气候学的一个主要任务是,从这些有限的信息中识别气候动刀学源的基本特征、我们利用非线性动力系统理论．仅用这些时间序列资料就可确定某些气候的关键特征。 相似文献
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根据近年来的主要研究成果,简要综述了深海氧同位素第3阶段(MIS 3)气候—海平面变化特征及其沉积记录的研究进展.MIS3期间的气候变化是古气候研究中的重要组成部分,该时段的某些气候特征与现今十分类似.取自极地冰心、海洋沉积物和陆地的古气候记录表明,在MIS3阶段全球经历了一系列数百年至千年时间尺度的快速气候突变事件,其成因、机制和影响范围还存在明显的不确定性.利用深海沉积物的氧同位素、珊瑚礁阶地、陆源碎屑沉积记录分析得出的MIS3古海平面高度偏差较大,主要认为在-50～-90 m之间波动,但也有研究表明MIS3海平面可达-15～-20 m.对MIS3古气候和海平面变化的深入研究,有赖于全球范围内更多不同类型和高分辨率的地质记录所提供的证据. 相似文献
10.
在格陵兰冰盖的南部,1989年打钻获取205米冰心样,冰心清楚地记录了过去450年大气环境的变化。根据氧同位素比率的季节变化、主要的火山爆发事件、60年代的氢弹试验表示的氚的剖面决定冰心的年代。通过冰心融解取样的化学成分、固体微粒子浓度、氧同位素比率、PH 值、电导等和气泡中甲烷浓度的详细分析,明白了过去的气候和环境的变化。由同位素比率得出从18世纪末到19世纪初的温暖期、19世纪中期的寒冷期和以后的温暖化的气温变化。PH 值是降水酸性的指标,1783年冰岛的拉基火山和1815年印度尼西亚的坦波拉火山等 相似文献
11.
Chandralata Raghukumar G. Sheelu P. A. Loka Bharathi Shanta Nair C. Mohandass 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):1-16
In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance. 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
14.
Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification
An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm. 相似文献
15.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
16.
The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
20.
Oedometer tests have been carried out on 70 undisturbed surficial clays (at approximately 250 mm below the mudline), mostly collected by free-fall corers from sites widely scattered throughout the deep-sea North Atlantic. Acoustic measurements were also made, initially on contiguous samples and ultimately on the same sample using a geophysically instrumented oedometer which also collected electrical resistivity data. Apart from those quiescent areas below the carbonate compensation depth, such as north of the West Indies where very fine clays exist, most of the samples are silty clays whose geotechnical-geophysical properties are dependent on the type of clay minerals present (and their ability to take in moisture), the sand-size fraction, and the quantity of carbonate present. Thus the pure clays have high compressibilities which decrease on the addition of coarse particles, while the converse is true for the acoustic parameters, these increasing with the sand fraction. Using the notion of the intrinsic compression line for all samples, and comparison to it of the measured compression curves, it is clear that, contrary to some previously held ideas, most deep-sea clays are normally consolidated; the addition of carbonate has the effect of creating an open, stronger sediment skeleton. Interestingly, where information is available, the variation with depth of a sample's acoustic velocity follows the void ratio pressure relationship of the compression curve. This allows the construction of an in-situ sediment compression curve using the in-situ geophysical observations. 相似文献