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1.
以广东省珠海市外伶仃岛地区常见的4属5种石珊瑚为研究对象,对线粒体COI、16S rRNA和ITS三种基因片段数据进行分析,并计算了种间遗传距离。序列分析结果表明5种石珊瑚的COI、16S rRNA基因片段碱基AT含量大于GC含量,而ITS序列碱基AT含量小于GC含量;5种石珊瑚种间的三种基因平均遗传距离分别为0.043、0.134和0.763,所得遗传距离结果存在一定差异。将三种基因串联起来并利用邻位连接法(NJ)、最大似然法(ML)和最小进化法(ME)分别构建了分子系统树。在系统发育树中,科一级的系统进化关系与形态学分类一致,但蜂巢珊瑚科内的分子系统分类结果与形态学分类阐述的遗传进化关系略有差别,说明石珊瑚传统分类可能受骨骼可塑性的影响。研究结果为外伶仃岛石珊瑚的亲缘关系研究提供相关基础数据,并为该地区石珊瑚资源保护奠定理论基础。 相似文献
2.
比较分析了石鲽和星突江鲽线粒体基因组COI、Cytb基因以及D-loop片段总长度为1175 bp的核苷酸序列,探讨了石鲽与星突江鲽的亲缘关系。2种间共检测到95处核苷酸替代,蛋白质编码基因上的核苷酸替代主要是第三密码子位点上的同义替换。核苷酸组成分析结果表明:3个目的片段的鸟嘌呤(G)含量普遍较低,在2个蛋白质编码基因第三密码子位点上表现得尤为明显。线粒体COI、Cytb基因和D-loop片段序列分析显示石鲽与星突江鲽间平均遗传距离分别为0.043、0.062和0.153,属于属内种间差异水平。2种鲽鱼在线粒体基因组不同片段上存在明显的遗传分化,核苷酸替代速率由大到小依次为D-loopCytbCOI。贝叶斯法、邻近距离法和最大简约法构建的系统发育树一致,皆显示石鲽与星突江鲽遗传关系很近。基于Cytb基因片段序列的分析结果表明:石鲽与星突江鲽的分歧时间约为185万年,分化事件发生于更新世中期(Middle Pleistocene)。 相似文献
3.
基于线粒体CO1基因的DNA条形码在石首鱼科(Sciaenidae)鱼类系统分类中的应用 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
采用CO1基因特异扩增测序及与GenBank已有序列联配分析的方法,进行了石首鱼科19属30种鱼类75个CO1基因片段的序列比较和系统进化研究,结果表明,石首鱼科鱼类该片段的平均GC含量为48.3%,其中第2密码子位点含量最高(51%-58.4%,平均56.6%),第1密码子变化范围最大(27.6%-54.1%,平均44.9%),第3密码子差别较小(41.6%-43.6%,平均42.7%)。依据Kimura-2-parameter模型,30种石首鱼科鱼类种内遗传距离平均值为0.006,种间为0.210,种间遗传距离是种内的35倍;在分子系统树上,28个种(93.3%)可形成单系,18个属(94.7%)可聚为独立的分支;与形态学分类不同的是,由黑鳃梅童鱼(Collichthys lucidus)与棘头梅童鱼(C.niveatus)的遗传距离(0.004)推断二者遗传变异尚未达到种的分化水平,灰鳍彭纳石首鱼(Pennahia anea)与白姑鱼(Argyrosomus argentatus)的形态学特征相似性和条形码序列同源性都提示二者可能为同种异名,而红牙(Otolithes ruber)印度洋和南海两个地理群体间的遗传分化已经达到种的水平。本研究证明线粒体CO1基因可作为DNA条形码对石首鱼科鱼类进行有效的物种鉴定,亦可用于探讨石首鱼科的属、种分类单元系统发育问题。 相似文献
4.
《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2016,(11)
本研究选用DNA条形码的通用基因片段,采用特异性扩增测序及与GenBank已有序列结合分析的方法,进行了鲻科(Mugilidae)6属17种鱼类的COI基因片段的序列比较、分子树构建和系统进化研究。研究表明,在所得的17种鲻科鱼类共有的555bp COI基因片段中平均GC含量为46.9%。其中,第二密码子位点含量最高(49.8%~56.2%),平均54.9%;第一密码子变化范围最大(31.9%~48.6%),平均42.9%;第三密码子差别不显著(42.5%~43.4%),平均42.7%。依据Kimura-2-parameter模型(K2P),17种鲻科鱼类种内遗传距离的平均值为0.004 5,种间遗传距离为0.191,是种内遗传距离的42倍。在分子系统树上,所有物种均呈单系,5属为独立分支,只有隶属于梭属(Liza)的尖头梭(Liza tade)与莫鲻属(Moolgarda)聚类,表现出与传统形态学分类不一致的结果。本研究结果验证了线粒体COI基因作为DNA条形码对鲻科鱼类进行物种鉴定的有效性,可用于辅助探讨鲻科科下属、种分类阶元系统发育问题。 相似文献
5.
采用线粒体DNA16SrRNA基因序列测定方法,对中国沿海3目8科的14种腹足类的系统演化关系进行了比较分析。结果显示,共测定了102个个体,获得线粒体DNA16SrRNA基因片段507bp的同源碱基序列;用最大简约法检测到保守位点87个,可变位点409个,简约信息位点254个;计算了碱基替换/颠换率的距离(R)和基于碱基替换+颠换率的距离(D),红螺属内的脉红螺和红螺R值为0.9367,大于0.5,属于种间标志值;采用Kimura2-parametermodel构建了邻接法(NJ)、最小进化法(ME)和最大似然法(MP)等3种系统树,脉红螺和红螺各自均为单系群(支持率=92—100),同时表明它们在检测的14种腹足类中属于相当进化种类。分析结果从线粒体基因序列的层次支持脉红螺与红螺属于不同种类的现代分类方法。 相似文献
6.
《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2010,(Z1)
采集中国近海分布的多鳞鱚(Sillago sihamaForskǎl)、少鳞鱚(S.japonicaTemminck and Schlegel)、斑鱚(S.aeolusJordan and Evrmann)及澳大利亚南部海域的银鱚(S.bassensisCuvier)等4种鱚科(Sillaginidae)鱼类样品,对其线粒体COI及Cytb基因片段进行了扩增和序列测定,分析比较了不同鱚属鱼类种间的序列差异。研究结果表明,4种鱚属鱼类COI基因片段序列长度均为610 bp,A+T平均含量略大于G+C含量,分别为52.9%和47.1%;Cytb基因片段序列长度均为402 bp,A+T平均含量大于G+C含量,分别为53.7%和46.3%。4种鱚科鱼类种内没有序列差异或变异极小,而种间差异远远大于种内差异;Cytb基因系统树支持了形态学研究的结果;其种间遗传距离在0.225~0.286之间。根据Cytb基因每百万年2%的分歧速率计算,多鳞鱚与少鳞鱚的分歧时间约为1 140万年,少鳞鱚与斑鱚的分歧时间约在1 115万年,其分化事件均发生在中新世(Miocene)。根据遗传距离构建的系统树表明,多鳞鱚与少鳞鱚亲缘关系较近,而与银鱚较远。 相似文献
7.
藤壶科DNA 分类研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
围胸总目藤壶科的分类系统经历了二亚科系统(小藤壶亚科 Chthamalinae,藤壶亚科 Balaninae)、三亚科系统[藤壶亚科(Balaninae),巨藤壶亚科(Megabalaninae),凹藤壶亚科(Concavinae)],现在采用的是四亚科系统[藤壶亚科(Balaniae)、纹藤壶亚科(Amphibalanus)、巨藤壶亚科(Megabalaninae)和凹藤壶亚科(Concavinae)],但各亚科之间的系统演化关系尚未进行过分子系统学方面的研究.许多藤壶科物种存在趋同进化的趋势,致使传统的形态分类存在困难,不能正确地进行鉴别.本文测定了藤壶科3个亚科里个代表种的线粒体 COI,16S 和12S 基因的部分序列,结合 GenBank 中藤壶科其他物种的12S,28S和18S等基因序列,比较了不同基因片段作为鉴别藤壶科物种的条形码的可行性和有效性,并联合16S和12S序列初步分析了藤壶科各亚科之间的一些亲缘关系.研究结果表明:COI基因的种间和种内遗传距离有明显的间隔区, COI最小种间距离为0.122,远大于最大种内距离0.023,而16S基因的种间与种内距离存在覆盖,最小种间距离为0.018,小于最大种内距离0.023,因此表明,线粒体基因 COI能更准确地鉴定藤壶科种间以及种内关系,并得出阈值为种内差异小于0.023,种间差异大于0.1.ML和BI系统发育分析结果基本一致,支持4亚科的分类系统;巨藤壶亚科形成明显单系群,支持率很高,而两种纹藤壶和管藤壶聚成一支,形成一个单系,本结果支持Newman & Ross的假说,即纹藤壶属和管藤壶属应合并. 相似文献
8.
利用ITS区和12SrRNA基因对广东徐闻地区7种滨珊瑚科珊瑚的遗传多样性和系统发生关系进行了研究。结果表明:(1)基于ITS1检测到在58个样本中有48个单倍型,多样性在0.800—1.000之间,多态位点数在5—62之间,核苷酸多样性指数在0.012—0.094之间;基于ITS2检测到43个单倍型,多样性在0.742—1.000之间,多态位点数在22—75之间,核苷酸多样性指数在0.017—0.175之间。基于ITS区所得遗传分化系数在0.00409—0.12170之间(P<0.001),遗传分化不明显,7种珊瑚中,二异角孔珊瑚的遗传多样性最丰富。(2)以12SrRNA基因建立的系统发育树与传统的形态学分类系统基本吻合,7种珊瑚被分成了3个支系,滨珊瑚属3种为一个支系,二异角孔珊瑚为一个支系,其余3种角孔珊瑚为一个支系。 相似文献
9.
为探讨DNA条形码基因COⅠ序列在石鲈亚科鱼类物种鉴定的有效性,本研究分析了印度-太平洋区域的石鲈亚科7个属29种鱼类9个个体长度为651 bp的COⅠ基因序列,利用MEGA 5.0计算石鲈亚科种内与种间的遗传距离,并基于最大简约法与最大似然法构建了其分子系统进化关系。结果显示:石鲈亚科鱼类种间遗传距离在0.021—0.240之间,平均遗传距离0.184;种内遗传距离在0.000—0.009之间,平均0.004。其中种间平均遗传距离(0.184)显著大于种内平均遗传距离(0.004),种间遗传距离是种内的46倍。同时,各物种间遗传距离均大于Hebert推荐区分物种的最小种间遗传距离0.02(2%)。基于COⅠ序列构建的系统进化树,同一物种不同个体间均能聚成独立的单系,表明COⅠ基因可作为石鲈亚科物种准确鉴定的有效条形码基因。同时,系统进化树上,石鲈属是非单系类群,主要形成5个分支,而不同分支的种类与其地理分布存在一定的相关性,与近年部分分子系统地理学的研究观点一致。 相似文献
10.
以台湾海峡11目38科66属85种355个鱼类样品为研究对象,选取线粒体COⅠ基因中长为313 bp的序列为微型条形码,探讨微型DNA条形码技术在鱼类分类鉴定中的适用性。共获取355条基因序列,序列中T、C、A、G碱基的平均含量占比分别为29.50%、30.10%、24.90%和15.50%;AT含量占比均高于50%。样品种内、种间、属间、科间和目间的K2P （Kimrua 2 Parameter）遗传距离分别为0.37%、18.10%、22.10%、25.40%和27.80%,遗传距离随着分类阶元的提高而增大,种间遗传距离是种内遗传距离的49倍,表明该微型DNA条形码可用于鱼类的分类鉴定,可有助于渔业资源调查和生物多样性保护。 相似文献
11.
Chandralata Raghukumar G. Sheelu P. A. Loka Bharathi Shanta Nair C. Mohandass 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):1-16
In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance. 相似文献
12.
Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
13.
Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification
An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm. 相似文献
14.
海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
15.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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Oedometer tests have been carried out on 70 undisturbed surficial clays (at approximately 250 mm below the mudline), mostly collected by free-fall corers from sites widely scattered throughout the deep-sea North Atlantic. Acoustic measurements were also made, initially on contiguous samples and ultimately on the same sample using a geophysically instrumented oedometer which also collected electrical resistivity data. Apart from those quiescent areas below the carbonate compensation depth, such as north of the West Indies where very fine clays exist, most of the samples are silty clays whose geotechnical-geophysical properties are dependent on the type of clay minerals present (and their ability to take in moisture), the sand-size fraction, and the quantity of carbonate present. Thus the pure clays have high compressibilities which decrease on the addition of coarse particles, while the converse is true for the acoustic parameters, these increasing with the sand fraction. Using the notion of the intrinsic compression line for all samples, and comparison to it of the measured compression curves, it is clear that, contrary to some previously held ideas, most deep-sea clays are normally consolidated; the addition of carbonate has the effect of creating an open, stronger sediment skeleton. Interestingly, where information is available, the variation with depth of a sample's acoustic velocity follows the void ratio pressure relationship of the compression curve. This allows the construction of an in-situ sediment compression curve using the in-situ geophysical observations. 相似文献
18.
The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level. 相似文献