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1.
Critical non‐structural equipments, including life‐saving equipment in hospitals, circuit breakers, computers, high technology instrumentations, etc., are vulnerable to strong earthquakes, and the failure of these equipments may result in a heavy economic loss. In this connection, innovative control systems and strategies are needed for their seismic protections. This paper presents the performance evaluation of passive and semi‐active control in the equipment isolation system for earthquake protection. Through shaking table tests of a 3‐story steel frame with equipment on the first floor, a magnetorheological (MR)‐damper together with a sliding friction pendulum isolation system is placed between the equipment and floor to reduce the vibration of the equipment. Various control algorithms are used for this semi‐active control studies, including the decentralized sliding mode control (DSMC) and LQR control. The passive‐on and passive‐off control of MR damper is used as a reference for the discussion on the control effectiveness. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
2.
The use of base isolation in developed countries including the U.S. and Japan has already been recognized as a very effective method for upgrading the seismic resistance of structures. In this study, an advanced base‐isolation system called the multiple friction pendulum system (MFPS) is investigated to understand its performance on seismic mitigation through full‐scale component and shaking table tests. The component tests of the advanced Teflon composite coated on the sliding surface show that the friction coefficient of the lubricant material is a function of the sliding velocity in the range of 0.03–0.12. The experimental results also indicate that there were no signs of degradation of the sliding interface observed after 2000 cycles of sliding displacements. A full‐scale MFPS isolator under a vertically compressive load of 8830 KN (900 tf) and horizontally cyclic displacements was tested in order to assess the feasibility of the MFPS isolator for its practical use. After 248 cycles of horizontal displacement reversals, the behaviour of the base isolator was almost identical to its behaviour during the first few cycles. The experimental results of the shaking table tests of a full‐scale steel structure isolated with MFPS isolators show that the MFPS device can isolate seismic transmitted energy effectively under soft‐soil‐deposit site earthquakes with long predominant periods as well as strong ground motions with short predominant periods. These test results demonstrate that the MFPS isolator possesses excellent durability and outstanding earthquake‐proof capability. Furthermore, the numerical results show that the mathematical model proposed in this study can well predict the seismic responses of a structure isolated with MFPS isolators. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
3.
Mohammed Ismail 《地震工程与结构动力学》2015,44(7):1115-1137
The ability of a recently proposed seismic isolation system, with inherent self‐stopping mechanism, to mitigate or even eliminate seismic pounding of adjacent structures is investigated under severe near‐fault earthquakes. The isolation system is referred to as roll‐in‐cage (RNC) isolator. It is a rolling‐based isolator that provides in one unit the necessary functions of vertical rigid support, horizontal flexibility with enhanced stability, hysteretic energy dissipation, and resistance to minor vibration loads. In addition, the RNC isolator is distinguished by a self‐stopping (buffer) mechanism to limit the bearing displacement under excitations stronger than a design earthquake or at limited seismic gaps, and a linear gravity‐based self‐recentering mechanism to prevent permanent bearing displacement without causing vertical fluctuation of the isolated structure. A previously developed multifeature SAP2000 model of the RNC isolator is improved in this paper to account for the inherent buffer mechanism's damping. Then, the effectiveness of the isolator's buffer mechanism in limiting peak bearing displacements is studied together with its possibly arising negative influence on the isolation efficiency. After that, the study investigates how to alleviate or even eliminate those possibly arising drawbacks, due to the developed RNC isolator's inner pounding as a result of its buffer activation, to achieve efficient seismic isolation with no direct structure‐to‐structure pounding, considering limited seismic gaps with adjacent structures and near‐fault earthquakes. The results show that the RNC isolator could be an efficient solution for aseismic design in near‐fault zones considering limited seismic gaps. Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
4.
A seismic isolated structure is usually a long-period structural system, which may encounter a low-frequency resonance problem when subjected to a near-fault earthquake that usually has a long-period pulse-like waveform. This long-period wave component may result in an enlargement of the base displacement and a decrease of the isolation efficiency. To overcome this problem, a rolling-based seismic isolator, referred to as roll-n-cage (RNC) isolator, has been recently proposed. The RNC isolator has a built-in buffer (braking) mechanism that limits the peak isolator displacements under severe earthquakes and prevents adjacent structural pounding. This paper addresses the problem of passive and hybrid mitigation of the potential inner pounding of the self-braking RNC isolator under near-fault earthquakes. Numerical results show that the RNC isolator can intrinsically limit the isolator displacements under near-fault earthquakes with less severe inner pounding using additional hysteretic damping and active control forces. 相似文献
5.
Experimental evaluation of piecewise exact solution for predicting seismic responses of spherical sliding type isolated structures 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The use of base isolation for enhancing seismic resistibility has been proven as an efficient method in experimental and theoretical studies. It is usual to insert a flexible device in the horizontal direction to permit the most of relative deformation of a structure at this level. Because the rigidity of the superstructure is much higher than that of the base isolator underneath the structure, the behavior of the superstructure can be idealized as a rigid body during earthquakes. In general, hundreds of degrees of freedom and a step‐by‐step time history analysis are the basic requirements for calculating the seismic response of a base‐isolated structure under earthquakes. In order to develop a simple tool which can be easily adopted for calculating the seismic responses of the spherical sliding type isolated structures, a piecewise exact solution for predicting the seismic responses of base‐isolated structures has been derived in this study. The comparison between the experimental results conducted at the National Center for Research on Earthquake Engineering (NCREE) in Taiwan and the analytical results obtained from the piecewise exact solution show that the formulation derived in this study can predict the seismic responses of the base‐isolated structure with a very high accuracy. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
6.
大震下被动与智能隔震结构动力可靠度的对比 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
对被动及智能隔震结构在“大震”条件下的动力可靠度进行探讨。将被动及智能隔震体系均取作弹塑性模型,并用退化Bouc-W en滞变模型描述上部结构的恢复力,用非退化Bouc-W en模型描述隔震层的恢复力。采用虚拟激励法计算结构的随机响应,根据我国抗震规范中“大震不倒”的设防目标,采用各层最大层间位移峰值响应和累积滞变耗能构造双参数的随机疲劳累积损伤指数,作为功能状态指标。假定各层失效相关,用串联系统计算体系动力可靠度。通过数值算例,对比了被动隔震、智能隔震与非隔震体系的条件失效概率,从动力可靠度角度显示了智能隔震体系的减震优势。 相似文献
7.
To ensure the high quality of ultra‐precision products such as semiconductors and optical microscopes, high‐tech equipment used to make these products requires a normal working environment with extremely limited vibration. Some of high‐tech industry centres are also located in seismic zones: the safety of high‐tech equipment during an earthquake event becomes a critical issue. It is thus imperative to find an effective way to ensure the functionality of high‐tech equipment against microvibration and to protect high‐tech equipment from damage when earthquake events occur. This paper explores the possibility of using a hybrid platform to mitigate two types of vibration. The hybrid platform, on which high‐tech equipment is installed, is designed to work as a passive isolation platform to abate mainly acceleration response of high‐tech equipment during an earthquake and to function as an actively controlled platform to reduce mainly velocity response of high‐tech equipment under normal working condition. To examine the performance of the hybrid platform, the analytical model of a coupled hybrid platform and building system incorporating with magnetostrictive actuators is established. The simulation results obtained by applying the analytical model to a high‐tech facility indicate that the proposed hybrid platform is feasible and effective. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
8.
Rolling isolation systems (RISs) protect mission‐critical equipment and valuable property from earthquake hazards by decoupling the dynamic responses of vibration‐sensitive objects from horizontal floor motions. These responses involve the constrained rolling of steel balls between bowl‐shaped surfaces. The light damping of steel balls rolling between steel plates can be augmented by adhering thin rubber sheets to the plates, thereby increasing the rolling resistance and decreasing the displacement demand on the RIS. An assessment of the ability of lightly‐ and heavily‐damped RISs to mitigate the hazard of seismically induced failures requires high‐fidelity models that can adequately capture the systems' intrinsic nonlinear behavior. The simplified model presented in this paper is applicable to RISs with any potential energy function, is amenable to both lightly‐ and heavily‐damped RISs, and is validated through the successful prediction of peak responses for a wide range of disturbance frequencies and intensities. The validated model can therefore be used to compute the spectra of peak floor motions for which displacement demands equal capacity. These spectra are compared with representative floor motion spectra provided by the American Society of Civil Engineers 7–10. The damping provided by rolling between thin viscoelastic sheets increases the allowable floor motion intensity by a factor of 2–3, depending on the period of motion. Acceleration responses of isolation systems with damping supplied in this fashion do not grow with increased damping, even for short‐period excitations. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
9.
We present a vertical vibration isolator having a piecewise‐constant restoring force, which belongs to a class of passive and nonlinear vibration isolators. In vertical vibration isolation, direct use of low‐stiffness elements leads to unacceptably large deformations due to self‐weight. To overcome the difficulty, we apply a combination of constant‐force springs, each of which sustains a constant load regardless of its stretch. By arranging the constant‐force springs, so that the isolator has a piecewise‐constant restoring force, we alleviate the problem of the excessive deformation caused by self‐weight, provide stability at the static equilibrium state along with the self‐centering capability, and realize a large stroke while keeping the mechanism simple and compact. Further, we attempt to limit the response acceleration within a tolerance regardless of the frequency spectrum and the magnitude of earthquake ground motions. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the present isolator through shaking table tests and numerical simulations. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
10.
Sliding isolators with curved surface are effective base isolation systems incorporating isolation, energy dissipation and restoring mechanism in one unit. However, practical utility of these systems, such as friction pendulum system (FPS) has limitations due to constant isolator period and restoring force characteristics. A new isolator called the variable frequency pendulum isolator (VFPI) that overcomes these limitations while retaining all the advantages has been described in this paper. VFPI has oscillation frequency decreasing with sliding displacement, and the restoring force has an upper bound so that the force transmitted to the structure is limited. The mathematical formulations for the response of a SDOF structure and energy balance are also described. Parametric studies have been carried out to critically examine the behaviour of structures isolated with VFPI, FPS and PF system. From these investigations, it is concluded that the VFPI combines the advantages of both FPS and PF system, without their undesirable properties. The VFPI performance is also found to be stable during low‐intensity excitations, and fail‐safe during high‐intensity excitations. VFPI is found to exhibit robust performance for a wide range of structure, isolator and ground motion characteristics clearly demonstrating its advantages. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
11.
Vibration isolation is well recognized as an effective mitigation strategy for acceleration‐sensitive equipment subjected to earthquake. In the present paper, an equipment isolation system with nonlinear hysteretic behaviour is proposed and a methodology for the optimal design is developed. An integrable constitutive model, derived from the mathematical Duhem hysteresis operator, is adopted for the isolation system. The optimization procedure is defined through a dual‐criteria approach that involves a transmissibility criterion combined with an energy performance criterion: the former consists in limiting the absolute acceleration of the isolated equipment below an allowable threshold value; the latter, in maximizing the ratio between the energy dissipation due to hysteresis and the input energy to reduce the isolator displacements. The seismic effectiveness of the nonlinear hysteretic isolation system is numerically investigated under natural accelerograms with different frequency content and increasing levels of excitation. Both ground‐mounted and floor‐mounted equipment items are considered in the analyses; in the second case, the dynamic interaction between the equipment and its supporting structure is taken into account in the design of the isolation system, and its effects on the isolation performance and the structural response are discussed. Comparisons in terms of effectiveness and robustness with a linear isolation system with viscoelastic behaviour are eventually provided. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
12.
Optimal PD/PID control of smart base isolated buildings equipped with piezoelectric friction dampers
Long-period pulses in near-field earthquakes lead to large displacements in the base of isolated structures.To dissipate energy in isolated structures using semi-active control,piezoelectric friction dampers(PFD) can be employed.The performance of a PFD is highly dependent on the strategy applied to adjust its contact force.In this paper,the seismic control of a benchmark isolated building equipped with PFD using PD/PID controllers is developed.Using genetic algorithms,these controllers are optimized to create a balance between the performance and robustness of the closed-loop structural system.One advantage of this technique is that the controller forces can easily be estimated.In addition,the structure is equipped with only a single sensor at the base floor to measure the base displacement.Considering seven pairs of earthquakes and nine performance indices,the performance of the closed-loop system is evaluated.Then,the results are compared with those given by two well-known methods:the maximum possive operation of piezoelectric friction dampers and LQG controllers.The simulation results show that the proposed controllers perform better than the others in terms of simultaneous reduction of floor acceleration and maximum displacement of the isolator.Moreover,they are able to reduce the displacement of the isolator systems for different earthquakes without losing the advantages of isolation. 相似文献
13.
隔震结构中非经典阻尼影响及最佳阻尼比分析 总被引：15，自引：1，他引：14
本文采用双自由度非比例阻尼振动模型描述基础隔震体系,用拉普拉斯变换方法获得其地震时域响应的近似解析解,借助于应谱理论分析了非比例阻尼对隔震体系中的上部结构层间最大剪力及隔震层最大位移等响应值的影响,探寻了隔震系统最佳阻尼比的取值范围。 相似文献
14.
This paper attempts to study the response of equipment items attached to torsional buildings supported by elastic bearings under earthquake excitations. To account for the effect of torsion and translation, each storey of the building is modelled with two degrees of freedom, one for translation and the other for torsion. The equipment is assumed to be so light that it affects slightly the vibration modes of the primary structure to which it is attached. Modal synthesis results obtained by the perturbation technique together with the CQC procedure are compared with those from a complete eigenvalue analysis. Using the present semi-analytical approach, the key parameters that govern the equipment and structure responses can be easily identified. In the numerical studies, it is confirmed that the response of the equipment and the building to which it is mounted, can be effectively reduced through installation of the base isolators. The optimal point for mounting the equipment is the one where the equipment remains undisplaced during vibration of the tuned mode. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
15.
This paper presents an experimental study to explore the possibility of using a hybrid platform to ensure the functionality of high‐tech equipment against microvibration and to protect high‐tech equipment from damage when an earthquake occurs. A three‐storey building model and a hybrid platform model were designed and manufactured. The two‐layer hybrid platform, on which the high‐tech equipment is placed, was installed on the first floor of the building to work as a passive platform aiming at abating acceleration response of the equipment during an earthquake and functioning as an actively controlled platform that intends to reduce velocity response of the equipment under a normal working condition. For the hybrid platform working as a passive platform, it was designed in such a way that its stiffness and damping ratio could be changed, whereas for the hybrid platform functioning as an active platform, a piezoelectric actuator with a sub‐optimal velocity feedback control algorithm was used. A series of shaking table tests, traffic‐induced vibration tests and impact tests were performed on the building with and without the platform to examine the performance of the hybrid platform. The experimental results demonstrate that the hybrid platform is feasible and effective for high‐tech equipment protection against earthquake and microvibration. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
16.
Development of a tunable friction pendulum system for semi‐active control of building structures under earthquake ground motions 
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下载免费PDF全文 The Friction Pendulum System (FPS) isolator is commonly used as a base isolation system in buildings. In this paper, a new tunable FPS (TFPS) isolator is proposed and developed to act as a semi‐active control system by combining the traditional FPS and semi‐active control concept. Theoretical analysis and physical tests were carried out to investigate the behavior of the proposed TFPS isolator. The experimental and theoretical results were in good agreement, both suggesting that the friction force of the TFPS isolator can be tuned to achieve seismic isolation of the structure. A series of numerical simulations of a base‐isolated structure equipped with the proposed TFPS isolator and subjected to earthquake ground motions were also conducted. In the analyses, the linear quadratic regulator (LQR) method was adopted to control the friction force of the proposed TFPS, and the applicability and effectiveness of the TFPS in controlling the structure's seismic responses were investigated. The simulation results showed that the TFPS can reduce the displacement of the isolation layer without significantly increasing the floor acceleration and inter‐story displacement of the superstructure, confirming that the TFPS can effectively control a base‐isolated structure under earthquake ground motions. 相似文献
17.
This paper presents a passive vertical quasi‐zero‐stiffness vibration isolator intended for relatively small objects. The present isolator has features of compactness, long stroke, and adjustability to various load capabilities. To realize these features, we use constant‐force springs, which sustain constant load regardless of their elongation, and propose a variable ellipse curve mechanism that is inspired by the principle of ellipsographs. The variable ellipse curve mechanism can convert the restoring force of the horizontally placed constant‐force springs to the vertical restoring force of the vibration isolator. At the same time as converting the direction, the vertical restoring force can be adjusted by changing the ratio of the semi‐minor axis to the semi‐major one of the ellipse. In this study, a prototype of a class of quasi‐zero‐stiffness vibration isolator with the proposed variable ellipse curve mechanism is created. Shaking table tests are performed to demonstrate the efficacy of the present mechanism, where the prototype is subjected to various sinusoidal and earthquake ground motions. It is demonstrated through the shaking table tests that the prototype can reduce the response acceleration within the same specified tolerance even when the mass of the vibration isolated object is changed. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
18.
Experimental Investigations on Laminated Rubber Bearings 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Increasing application of base isolation as a seismic protection method has subsequently increased its analytical and experimental studies. Being the most critical part of the base isolated buildings, accurate evaluation of structural properties and precise modeling of isolation devices is of utmost importance in predicting the response of the buildings during the earthquakes. This technical note is concerned with experimental study on laminated rubber bearings. Free vibration and harmonic base excitation tests are performed on a three-storey building model to evaluate the properties of the structure, efficiency of the system, and effect of base excitations. It is found that these experimental methods can effectively be used for this purpose. 相似文献
19.
设计出一种新型主动变刚度阻尼装置,该装置可向受控结构提供两种等效刚度,使受控结构能主动地避开地震动卓越频率而永远处于非共振的状态。基于变结构控制理论的滑动模态控制算法,推导了该新型阻尼器的两种开关控制律。仿真分析结果表明,这种新型主动变刚度阻尼器的减震效果是非常明显的,可取得明显优于被动控制的减震效果。两种控制律中,连续型滑动模态控制律可以更充分地发挥该新型阻尼器的性能,取得更好的控制效果。 相似文献
20.
传统的静力弹塑性分析方法对强震作用下的高层建筑的横向晃动反应过程模拟时,存在计算结果不准确、计算用时较长的问题。提出新的强震下高层建筑横向晃动反应过程模拟分析方法,其基于直接积分法的三种方法实施模拟分析。分别是隐式方法、显式方法以及KK模型方法。其中隐式方法和显式方法均能够对不同自由度下的高层建筑的横向晃动位移作出准确的计算,KK模型通过高层建筑Von Mises屈服面,分析高层建筑钢材Bauschinger反应基础上,精确模拟出高层建筑在横向晃动反应中的变形过程。实验结果说明,所提方法对强震作用下的高层建筑的横向晃动反应的运算准确率和效率较高。 相似文献