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1.
煤系共伴生非金属矿产开发及综合利用难度大。本文针对先锋褐煤共伴生硅藻土高有机质、高铁的特点,提出硅藻土原矿经提纯处理后,在N2作为保护气氛下,高温煅烧形成硅藻土-无定形碳-氧化铁三元复合材料,在类Fenton体系下,去除TNT污染物的开发利用技术路线。本文考察了硅藻土处理条件、反应时间、H2O2浓度、三元复合硅藻土投加量、pH值等因素对TNT降解效能的影响。研究表明三元复合硅藻土对TNT吸附降解的最佳工艺条件为:硅藻土用量为2 g/L,H2O2(30%)4 m L/L,pH值1,反应时间2.5 h。该工艺条件下,50 mg/L TNT去除率为98%。 相似文献
2.
Diatomaceous deposits of Fayium, Egypt; characterization and evaluation for industrial application 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The Holocene lacustrine diatomaceous earth of Fayium,South West of Cairo,has been studied to define its minerals,chemistry,petrography and physical properties.Minerals were processed by way of calcination at 550℃ ,followed by acid leaching to reduce levels of mineral impurities.The diatomite is of biogenic opal A.with calcite as the main ganue mineral,quartz and clay minerals(smectite followed by kaolinite in abundance and a trace amount of illite).Silica in the diatomaceous earth accounts for about 63% on average.Positive correlation between CaO and CO2 indicates that Ca is present mainly as calcite.Al2O3,Fe2O3,MgO and K2O are attributed mainly to clay minerals.However,the physical properties of the diatomaceous earth as filter-aids and filler for paints and plastics are poor because of general high levels of impurities.The technological performances of the diatomaceous earth have been significantly improved owing to upgrading of diatoms through mineral processing trical. 相似文献
3.
A Mineralogical Study of Diatomite in Leizhou Peninsula 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
In this paper diatomite samples taken from the Leizhou Peninsula have been studied by chemical analysis, DTA, TG, XRD, IR ,SEM and X-ray Energy Spectroscopy.The study shows that the diatomaceous genera and species and their organic contents are variable with buried depth ,from Melosira to Stephanodiscus and then to Cyclotella. Various impurities in the samples, such as quartz, kaolinite and montmorillonite indicate different sedimentary environments. When heated, the diatom would change in shape due to the phase transformation in which amorphous silica crystallized from disordered opal to ordered cristobalite. The temperatures of phase transformation are different for various diatoms due to the presence of different impurities and constituents of diatomaceous genera and species. 相似文献
4.
Diatomite associated with the Kolubara Coal Basin was studied to better understand early stage silica diagenesis of shallow water deposits. The Kolubara Basin consists of Neogene siliciclastic rocks, diatomite, marlstone and rare carbonates. Palaeozoic metamorphic and Mesozoic sedimentary and igneous basement rocks are transgressively overlain by Upper Miocene sandstone, siltstone, shale and mudstone. This Upper Miocene section is transgressively overlain by the Pontian section, which contains diatomite and coal beds. White and grey diatomite forms beds 0.7-2.2 m thick that are continuous over an area of about 2 km2. Siliceous rocks vary in composition from diatomite (81-89 per cent SiO2) to diatom-bearing shale (58-60 per cent SiO2). Siliceous deposits are laminated in places, with the laminae defined by variations in clay minerals, organic matter and diatoms. Diatomite shows only incipient diagenesis characterized by the fragmentation of diatom frustules, the minor to moderate corrosion of frustules and the formation of minor amounts of opal-A' (X-ray amorphous inorganic opal) cement. The low degree of diagenesis results from the young age of the deposits, low burial temperatures and possibly also from the presence of abundant organic matter and the dissolution of kaolinite. The presence of only weak diagenesis is also reflected by the characteristically poor consolidation of the rocks and low rank of the associated coal. 相似文献
5.
Aleksander Jokic Elena Ponomarenko Darwin W Anderson 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2003,67(14):2585-2597
X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy were used in combination to characterize organic carbon structures in a series of wetland soils in Saskatchewan, and XANES spectroscopy was also used to examine sulphur speciation in the soils. The organic C contents of most of the wetland soils are consistently higher by a factor of two to five times compared to adjacent well-drained soils. NMR analyses indicate that the organic matter in the wetland soils consists of predominantly aliphatic structures such as carbohydrates and long chain poly(methylene) units which are refractory structures found in plant waxes. The poly(methylene) structures have a significant capacity to sorb nonpolar organic molecules. The phenolic OH and carboxyl group content of the wetland soils studied is an additional significant factor in their sequestering ability for heavy metals or pesticides. Carbon XANES spectroscopy shows that the surface (∼10 nm) layer of particulate organic matter has a structure dominated by aromatic, carbohydrate and carboxylic acid-like material apparently derived from partially degraded lignin and cellulose polymers which are adsorbed onto clay minerals. The aliphatic structures remaining in this surface layer are probably recalcitrant (poly)methylene units. At a depth of ∼100 nm, the aliphatic content significantly increases suggesting the presence of more labile structures. The presence of these more labile aliphatic compounds may be due to slow decomposition rates in the wet, often cool environments present and to the protective action of the more refractory components in the surface ∼10 nm of the organic matter. Drying of the wetlands, either by draining or as a result of climate change, is likely to result in the rapid decomposition of these labile organic structures releasing carbon dioxide. Our data indicate that the preservation of the organic carbon compounds in these soils is a result of their presence as surface adsorbed layers on the soil mineral particles. The soils contain three different classes of sulphur compounds: reduced organic sulphur such as sulphides, low valent oxidized sulphur such as sulphoxides, and high valent oxidized sulphur such as sulphonate and sulphate. Of these, reduced sulphur species constitute between one-third and two-thirds of the total. Sulphonate structures comprise between a fifth and a third of the total. Sulphates exhibit a wide variation in content, and sulphoxides are either not detected or are present to a lesser extent (<5%). Drying of the wetlands would cause oxidation of sulphides to sulphates. 相似文献
6.
潘谢矿区是安徽省淮南煤田重要的深部煤炭生产矿区,其石炭-二叠系煤系地层具有丰富的天然气资源。应用有机碳、热解、显微组分定量、等温吸附等实验分析数据,对潘谢矿区石盒子组煤系页岩有机质特征与含气量进行研究,并利用梯度下降算法建立了含气量与有机碳含量(TOC)和有机质成熟度(Ro)的多元线性模型。结果表明:潘谢矿区石盒子组煤系页岩TOC较高(平均为1.20%),有机质类型为Ⅲ型,成熟度Ro为0.75%~1.12%,处于成熟阶段,页岩含气量较高(平均为1.93 m 3/t)。多元线性模型表明,煤系页岩TOC和Ro的增加会有利于页岩气生成,但Ro对含气量的影响更为明显。 相似文献
7.
《矿物学报》2013,(Z1)
Diatomite, a type of biogenic mineral, is sourced from deposition and accumulation of diatom shell. Diatom shells are mainly composed of amorphous hydrated silica, which is categorized as non-crystalline opal-A according to the mineralogical classification. Diatomite has a characteristic macro/mesoporous structure and unique physical and chemical capabilities, such as high thermal stability, strong acid resistance, and high adsorption capacity, and thus is widely used as the filter aid, catalytic support, and adsorbent. However, the low surface area of diatomite shows disadvantage in adsorption. Moreover, the hydrophilic surface which contains abundant silanols is usually covered by adsorbed water, resulting in that the adsorption sites of diatomite were occupied and the adsorption capacity of hydrophobic guests decreased. In previous reports, zeolitization was employed to increase the specific surface area (SBET) and porosity of diatomite. However, the hydrophilic property of diatomite was not changed after zeolitization. It is due to that the zeolite formed on the surface area of diatomite contained some aluminum in its structure, which was highly hydrophilic. Therefore, it is significantly interesting to prepare the zeolitized diatomite with both large SBET and high hydrophobicity. 相似文献
8.
Study of Carbon‐Bearing Particles in Ascending Geogas Flows in the Dongshengmiao Polymetallic Pyrite Deposit,Inner Mongolia,China 
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下载免费PDF全文 Samples of ascending geogas flow particles were collected on to SiN grids directly in the Quaternary sediments overlying the Dongshengmiao polymetallic pyrite deposit, China. Corresponding soil samples were collected in the surface of Dongshengmiao district at the same time. After pretreatment, these SiN grid samples were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy. The tests focused on the characteristics of particles including size, shape, chemical composition, structure and association. The results show that there are numerous carbon‐bearing particles in particulate samples of the ascending geogas flow. The particles contain organic matter, carbonate or carbonate mixed with other minerals. These carbon‐bearing particles generally contain metallic elements like Fe/Zn/Au/Cu/Pb. However, all of the soil particles do not contain elemental C and only consist of common elements (O, Na, Mg, Al, Si, Ca, Ti) just like the composition of earth crust. Through a comparison between the particles from different sources, the carbon‐bearing particles were found to come only from the deep earth and carried useful information about concealed deposits as they pass through the deep‐seated orebodies. Given the influences of organic matter on mineralization, the carbon‐bearing particle may provide information on the deposit genesis. Combining the use of geogas particle for prospecting with characteristics of large depth, and the carbon‐bearing materials' close spatial and genetic relationship with orebodies, we propose a new prospecting method based on the characteristics of carbon‐bearing particles, including morphology, size, chemical component and ultra‐microstructure. This approach could be applied to the exploration of deposits deep in the earth and abundant in carbon‐bearing matter. This approach can provide efficient and effective deposit exploration. 相似文献
9.
Preparation of filter aids based on diatomites 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
Sanja Martinovic Milica Vlahovic Tamara Boljanac Ljubica Pavlovic 《International Journal of Mineral Processing》2006,80(2-4):255-260
Two major deposits of diatomaceous earth (diatomite) in the region of the Balkan Peninsula, the Kolubara basin (Serbia and Montenegro) and the Vesje deposit (Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia), were selected for detailed investigation of their possible application in preparation of beer filter aids. Chemical, mineralogical and structural properties of diatomite samples were analyzed with the aim of predicting the filtration efficiency. Results of beer filtering compounds preparation are presented in this paper. The parameters of crushing, drying, calcination and classification are also defined. Beer filtration tests proved diatomites to be satisfactory and not causing any degradation of filtration process or beer quality. Technological flow scheme for obtaining the beer filter aids is proposed in the paper. 相似文献
10.
山东临朐山旺地区中新世山旺组硅藻土极为发育。通过对该地区硅藻土纹层的研究,确定其分类和成因,为进一步确立年纹层的存在、利用其进行高分辨率测年、探讨高频古气候旋回奠定基础。山旺组硅藻土的单层纹层厚度一般为100μm左右。依据纹层的物质成分,单层纹层可分为硅藻纹层、有机纹层和粘土纹层三种类型。各类单层纹层组合成为明暗相间的层偶,层偶厚度一般为100～400μm,常常表现为浅色的硅藻纹层逐渐向深色的粘土纹层或有机质纹层渐变过渡。纹层层偶可分为:薄层硅藻纹层-有机质层偶,厚层藻纹层-有机质层偶,薄层粘土纹层-有机质层偶,厚层粘土纹层-有机质层偶和硅藻纹层-粘土纹层层偶。山旺组硅藻土中不同类型的单层纹层以及层偶的形成主要受控于当时湖盆内粘土物质的沉积速率、硅藻的繁盛程度和有机物质的沉积和保存条件。 相似文献
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12.
A Late Quaternary Climate Record Based on Multi-Proxies Analysis from the Jiaochang Loess Section in the Eastern Tibetan Plateau, China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 We compared the stable carbon isotopic records from a loess transect of the Jiaochang in the eastern Tibetan Plateau, spanning the last ~21,000 years, with multiproxy data for pedogenesis, including magnetic susceptibility, clay fraction, Fed/Fet ratio, carbonate and total organic carbon content, in order to probe the mechanisms of δ13C values of organic matter and Late Quaternary climate variations in the eastern Tibetan Plateau. Our results indicate that there is no simple relationship between δ13C of organic matter and summer monsoon variations. The change in δ13C values of organic matter (in accordance with the ratios of C3 to C4 plants) results from the interaction among temperature, aridity and atmospheric pCO2 level. Drier climate and lower atmospheric pCO2 level contribute to positive carbon isotopic excursion, while negative carbon isotopic excursion is the result of lower temperature and increased atmospheric pCO2 level. Additionally, our results imply that the Tibetan monsoon may play an important role in climate system in the eastern Tibet Plateau, which specifically reflects frequently changing climate in that area. The results provide new insights into the forcing mechanisms on both the δ13C values of organic matter and the local climate system. 相似文献
13.
《矿物学报》2013,(Z1)
Porous carbons are extensively applied in gas separation, water purification, catalytic reaction, and electrochemical processing, attributing to their high specific surface area, large pore volume, chemical inertness, and good mechanical and thermal stability. The templating method is widely used to synthesize porous carbons with the controlled pore structure. Among them, preparation of diatomite-templated carbons attracts increasing attention because the obtained carbon has unique developed macropores and exhibits the promising application in adsorption and support of large-sized molecules. Macroporous diatomite-templated carbons are prepared by using additive or inherent solid acid sites of diatomite as the catalyst. The obtained carbons showed tubular and pillared macroporous structures, and had a few mesopores and micropores. However, the carbons possessed the small specific surface area and micropore volume, and thus showed the low adsorption capacity of small-sized molecules, such as methylene blue (MB). In this case, enhancement of porosity, especially microporosity, is necessary. 相似文献
14.
Paul R. Haberstroh Jay A. Brandes Angela F. Dickens George Cody 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2006,70(6):1483-1494
The chemical composition of the graphitic black carbon (GBC) fraction of marine organic matter was explored in several marine and freshwater sedimentary environments along the west coast of North America and the Pacific Ocean. Analysis by carbon X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy and scanning transmission X-ray microscopy shows the GBC fraction of Stillaguamish River surface sediments to be dominated by more highly ordered and impure forms of graphite, together forming about 80% of the GBC, with a smaller percent of an aliphatic carbon component. Eel River Margin surface sediments had very little highly ordered graphite, and were instead dominated by amorphous carbon and to a lesser extent, impure graphite. However, the GBC of surface sediments from the Washington State Slope and the Mexico Margin was composed almost solely of amorphous carbon. Pre-anthropogenic, highly oxidized deep-sea sediments from the open Equatorial Pacific Ocean contained over half their GBC in different forms of graphite as well as highly aliphatic carbon, low aromatic/highly acidic aliphatic carbon, low aromatic/highly aliphatic carbon, and amorphous forms of carbon. Our results clearly show the impact of graphite and amorphous C phases in the BC fraction in modern riverine sediments and nearby marine shelf deposits. The pre-anthropogenic Equatorial Pacific GBC fraction is remarkable in the existence of highly ordered graphite. 相似文献
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This paper deals with the hydrocarbon source rock evaluation of the Subathu Formation exposed at Marhighat on Sarahan–Narag
road in Sirmaur district of Himachal Pradesh. Hydrocarbon potential of these sediments is estimated on the basis of palynofacies
analysis and thermal alteration index (TAI) values based on the fossil spores/pollen colouration. The analyses are based on
the classification and hydrocarbon generation potential of plant derived dispersed organic matter present in the sediments.
The palynofacies analysis of Subathu Formation in the area reveal moderate to rich organic matter, with amorphous organic
matter constituting the bulk of the total organic matter, followed by charcoal, biodegraded organic matter, fungal remains,
spores/pollen and structured terrestrial organic matter. The TAI value for the organic matter in these sediments has been
ascertained as 3.00. A dominance of the sapropelic facies (amorphous organic matter) and the measured TAI values for the Subathu
sediments in the Marhighat area suggests a good source-rock potential for the hydrocarbon generation. 相似文献
17.
为认识水利工程建设对岩溶库区温室气体排放的影响,本文对岩溶区水利工程破坏岩溶水体DIC的稳定性、增加温室气体排放以及水利工程建设所带来的水体富营养化问题进行了初步总结。结果表明,水利工程不仅打破了岩溶水体DIC的自身稳定性,加速水体无机CO2逸出过程,导致CaCO3发生沉淀,而且还通过改变岩溶水动力条件、加速温室气体排放等途径来提高岩溶水体的碳储存、转移、形成与分解过程。与此同时作者还建议:(1)尽快开展岩溶水体温室气体排放的定性分析与定量计算工作,并与不同排放源的温室气体释放效应进行对比;(2)温室气体排放的估算须建立在岩溶碳循环研究基础上,从时间和空间尺度上分析影响岩溶水体温室气体排放过程的关键因素,并把岩溶水体温室气体排放纳入整个岩溶生态系统的生命周期中进行考虑。 相似文献
18.
结合在建的云南保山—腾冲高速公路沿线及周边地区典型地质剖面观测和多种室内试验手段测试,揭示了腾冲芒棒盆地的硅藻土是以硅藻为主、富含黏土矿物的黏土质硅藻土,属于一种轻质强膨胀性极软岩。其具有典型硅藻土与膨胀性黏土岩双重物理和水理性质,前者表现为极高的孔隙性、高吸水性、极强的结构性; 后者则表现为高塑性、显著的膨胀崩解性,而且膨胀崩解特性的显现与有机质含量密切相关。腾冲芒棒盆地膨胀性硅藻土的发现及其工程地质特性的研究,有助于加深对保山-腾冲高速公路沿线地质灾害形成机理的认识,对揭示中国西南地区某些湖相地层工程特性及地质灾害多发原因也具有重要的启示意义。 相似文献
19.
纳米TiO2/天然矿物复合材料的环境效应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文系统论述了国内外有关纳米TiO2/矿物复合材料的研究和应用现状,重点介绍了负载纳米TiO2的矿物种类及其复合材料在环境科学研究中的应用。分别介绍了氧化物、层状硅酸盐、架状硅酸盐和硅藻土,重点论述了层状硅酸盐类。纳米TiO2/矿物复合材料主要应用于降解有机污染物(如有机染料、苯酚、甲基橙、亚甲基蓝、邻氯苯酚、DDVP、HCH、DDT、DDE、DDD、反式氯丹和顺式氯丹等),将其变为H2O、CO2等无害小分子化合物,不产生二次污染。纳米TiO2/天然矿物复合材料对污染物的降解效果优于单相TiO2,在环境方面的应用很有潜力。 相似文献
20.
广东三个离子吸附型稀土矿的地球化学特征及开采现状 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
广东稀土资源丰富,资源种类较全,但真正具有工业意义只有离子吸附型稀土矿。已有调查表明广东富有重稀土资源,重稀土资源量约占离子吸附型稀土资源总量的1/3。广东现仅有采矿权企业三家(简称A、B、C矿区),2013年度开采指标REO(稀土氧化物含量)仅为2200吨,但离子型稀土年分离能力超万吨,供需矛盾突出。为了解广东稀土矿开采现状,本文在具备采矿证的A、B和C三个矿区采集风化壳剖面和尾砂样品,利用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)分析稀土元素、微量元素和相关有用元素的含量,获得了一批新数据,研究矿区的地球化学特征和资源潜力。数据分析表明:1广东稀土资源非常丰富,实际资源量与现有报告评估的资源量有着极大的差别,相差两个数量级。2三个稀土矿的风化壳原矿的轻稀土/重稀土的比值为1.8~6.6,说明三个稀土矿均为轻稀土矿;只开采轻稀土矿,与市场需求和广东富有重稀土资源的情况都不相符,年稀土开采指标与年冶炼分离能力也存在极大缺口,无论资源类型和数量都无法满足经济对稀土资源的巨大需求,建议考虑适当增加稀土矿证和开采指标。3A矿区和C矿区的腐植层和半风化层稀土含量都不高,成矿部位在全风化层,成矿模式为浅伏式;B矿区的腐植层和全风化层稀土含量高(最高超过0.3%),为成矿部位,成矿模式为表露式。4风化壳采矿位置尚需根据市场情况调整,减少矿体的漏采,尾砂稀土资源有待回收利用。5风化壳和尾砂样品微量元素含量相对陆壳丰度,多数元素富集倍数低于10,部分元素甚至出现亏损,没有回收利用价值。 相似文献