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1.
济阳坳陷优质烃源岩特征与隐蔽油气藏的关系分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过对济阳坳陷优质烃源岩的研究,尝试建立勘探中、后期烃源岩研究的流程和工作方法。结合大量的分析资料,建立了本区优质烃源岩的评价标准,该标准可适用于中国的陆相断陷湖盆研究。对烃源岩的生排烃特征模拟结果表明,普通烃源岩、优质烃源岩以及有机质富集层三种不同类型的烃源岩生烃时间基本相同,但在排烃方面三者区别较大,普通烃源岩开始排烃最晚,优质烃源岩次之,而有机质富集层则最早进入排烃阶段。本区优质烃源岩的分布与隐蔽油气藏密切相关。沙四上亚段和沙三下亚段是本区广泛分布优质烃源岩的重点层位,它们与隐蔽油气藏的关系非常密切。优质烃源的分布直接或间接地决定了隐蔽油气藏勘探的成功率。对东营凹陷和沾化凹陷已经发现的隐蔽油气藏油气源的分析结果表明,在沾化凹陷,隐蔽油气藏主要以沙三段下部优质烃源岩为主。但罗家油田原油则是以沙四上亚段和沙三下亚段的碳酸盐岩源岩层所生成的混源油为主。沙四上亚段烃源岩主要形成地层性的隐蔽油气藏,而沙三下亚段烃源岩和沙四上亚段烃源岩均可以形成岩性型油气藏。在此基础上,建立了坳陷不同位置与其烃源岩和油气运移特点相关的隐蔽油气藏形成模式图。 相似文献
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J. E. Robinson 《Mathematical Geosciences》1975,7(4):323-334
Mathematical correlation of geologic sections from mechanical well logs depends on comparison of frequency components derived from the recorded amplitude variations of the well logs as they respond to changes in lithology. Techniques have been developed that compensate for changes in thickness of units within lithologic sequences and for moderate numbers of missing and truncated beds. However, accurate correlation depends on time stratigraphic units being composed of relatively consistent sequences of rock lithologic units. Correlation is uncertain in areas where time stratigraphic sequences exhibit considerable facies variation. Visual correlation experiences similar problems but the human eye can sort out facies changes more easily and may be better than mechanical correlation in problem areas. Both mechanical and visual correlation can be enhanced by the application of relatively simple transforms to the basic log data. They are applied by computer to digital logs and are designed to magnify specific diagnostics of the more continuous beds while subduing distracting events and noise. Both mechanical and visual correlation are improved by the use of transformed logs; moreover, the digital logs permit optically pleasing displays that maintain the overall advantage of trained geologists over mechanical intervention. 相似文献
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基于Vail经典层序地层学理论,运用岩芯、测井及地震资料,采用井震对比综合分析方法,建立了准噶尔盆地北三台凸起西斜坡白垩系层序地层格架,针对主要含油气体系域展开了高频层序划分,综合研究了含油气准层序的构造特征和成藏模式,并总结成藏特点,为白垩系隐蔽油气藏的勘探指明方向。结果表明：北三台凸起西斜坡白垩系可以划分为4个三级层序和6个体系域,油气显示主要分布在SQ2的低位体系域和水进体系域中,可将其划分为4个准层序组和14个准层序,并通过油气显示归位确定其中3个准层序为白垩系的含油气高频层序地层单元;白垩系底部3个含油气地层单元均为超覆尖灭,其构造形态可划分为沙南鼻突、西泉鼻突和北38鼻突;典型出油点主要形成了西泉鼻突成藏模式和北38鼻突成藏模式,前者为斜坡背景下岩性尖灭控藏,后者为构造与地层沉积尖灭复合控藏;白垩系成藏具有受鼻突构造、局部断裂、地层超覆尖灭线以及岩性突变带控制的特点。总之,准噶尔盆地北三台凸起西斜坡白垩系下一步勘探应以西泉鼻突与北38鼻突的地层超覆尖灭线附近发育的地层圈闭为主。 相似文献
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This work presents the stratigraphy and facies analysis of an interval of about 2500 m in the Langhian and Serravallian stratigraphic succession of the foredeep turbidites of the Marnoso‐arenacea Formation. A high‐resolution stratigraphic analysis was performed by measuring seven stratigraphic logs between the Sillaro and Marecchia lines (60 km apart) for a total thickness of about 6700 m. The data suggest that the stratigraphy and depositional setting of the studied interval was influenced by syndepositional structural deformations. The studied stratigraphic succession has been subdivided into five informal stratigraphic units on the basis of how structurally controlled topographic highs and depocentres, a consequence of thrust propagation, change over time. These physiographic changes of the foredeep basin have also been reconstructed through the progressive appearance and disappearance of thrust‐related mass‐transport complexes and of five bed types interpreted as being related to structurally controlled basin morphology. Apart from Bouma‐like Type‐4 beds, Type‐1 tripartite beds, characterized by an internal slurry unit, tend to increase especially in structurally controlled stratigraphic units where intrabasinal topographic highs and depocentres with slope changes favour both mud erosion and decelerations. Type‐2 beds, with an internal slump‐type chaotic unit, characterize the basal boundary of structurally controlled stratigraphic units and are interpreted as indicating tectonic uplift. Type‐3 beds are contained‐reflected beds that indicate different degrees of basin confinement, while Type‐5 are thin and fine‐grained beds deposited by dilute reflected turbulent flows able to rise up the topographic highs. The vertical and lateral distribution of these beds has been used to understand the synsedimentary structural control of the studied stratigraphic succession, represented in the Marnoso‐arenacea Formation by subtle topographic highs and depocentres created by thrust‐propagation folds and emplacements of large mass‐transport complexes. 相似文献
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运用磁性地层学研究岩石单元磁性特征,是一种有效的地层对比方法。上马剖面按地层序列磁性特征的分异把磁极性一致或极性反向频率大致相当的区段组合在一起,由此划分了３３个磁性地层极性带,３个极性亚超带,２个极性超带,可与国际标准磁极性年表对比。 相似文献
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塔里木盆地巴楚地区下丘里塔格组主要为一套局限台地相沉积,广泛发育厚层状白云岩储层,是目前寒武系最为重要的油气勘探目的层.运用测井、地震资料,结合岩性组合特征综合分析,对巴楚地区下丘里塔格组进行了层序地层划分,确定出该组包含4个三级层序,层序内部主要表现为海侵体系域和高位体系域的组合.其中,高位体系域不完全发育.在层序分析的基础上,通过岩心薄片和钻井油、气、水显示资料综合分析,认为三级层序影响了巴楚地区下丘里塔格组白云岩储层发育,是储层发育的主要控制因素.下丘里塔格组(岩溶型)白云岩储层主要发育于层序界面下部的高位期,特别是有短期暴露界面下的高位晚期. 相似文献
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根据札达盆地香孜组河湖相地层剖面的接触关系、沉积旋回、沉积体系和岩相岩性特征,可将札达盆地下更新统香孜组河湖相地层划分为2个沉积相、3个岩段。香孜组一、二岩段为一套砾岩夹砂岩的粗碎屑岩,属典型的冲（洪）积扇沉积物;第三岩段为砾岩与砂岩互层,属冰水冰缘相沉积。ESR法和古地磁法测年结果表明,札达盆地香孜组河湖相地层的形成时代为早更新世早期（2．68—1．36Ma）。札达盆地为一同生断陷盆地,在后期重新复活的过程中,盆地只经历了冲积体系域和水进体系域。冲积体系域形成于札达盆地早更新世早期重新复活层序发育的早、中期,水进体系域形成于札达盆地早更新世早期重新复活层序发育的晚期。 相似文献
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马维俊 《沉积与特提斯地质》1988,8(6):15-20
盆地的地层格架(stratigraphic framework)是盆地分析最基本、最重要的参数之一(李思田等,1983),它是指沉积盆地的外部和内部几何形态以及组成盆地的层的堆积性质。概括地说,地层格架不仅指盆地的固体几何形态和盆地所包含的地层单元或单元序列的固体几何形态,而且涉及到单个地层单元的性质,最终体现了沉积环境(Conybeare,1979)。衡量地层格架这一参数应从以下几方面来考虑: 1.盆地的外部几何形态盆地的外部几何形态应该为其真实的固体空间形态所反映,应该包括盆地的平面几何 相似文献
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火山地层具有如下显著特征:建造短暂和剥蚀长久的时间属性,受喷发方式和古地形控制的空间属性,地层产状变化规律与喷出口相关。尝试以地层界面反映时间属性、岩石组合和几何外形反映空间属性,结合产状变化规律对火山地层单位进行了厘定,从常用的地层单位中选用术语,从小到大依次是层、堆积单元、火山机构、段、组和群。本文详细介绍前三类单位的分类和识别标志:层是根据颜色、化学成分和岩石组构的差异划分;堆积单元依据喷发方式和就位环境划分为熔岩流/火山碎屑流/再搬运火山碎屑流3类,单元内地层产状变化连续,单元之间常以喷发不整合/整合界面分隔;火山机构是堆积单元有序叠置的产物,火山地层沿喷发口向四周倾斜、向边缘过渡时地层倾角逐渐变缓,火山机构间常以喷发间断不整合界面分隔。指出盆地火山地层格架的建立需要突出地层的空间属性、火山地层埋藏史应该基于火山机构的中心和远源两个区域来分析,基于重新厘定的火山地层单位建立的地层格架更有利于对储层分布规律的认识。 相似文献
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本文通过地质、地震、测井等资料,对东营凹陷胜北断层下降盘坨76块沙四上亚段扇三角洲沉积体层序地层单元进行了精确划分对比,将其划分为4个准层序、18个层组和29个单层。在扇三角洲沉积体系中,准层序及层组边界在地层记录中的表现形式随地理位置而变化;在完全由一种相构成的准层序、层组基准面旋回中,孔隙度和渗透率是A/S值变化的函数,在准层序及层组内部随A/S的变化,储层物性及其含油饱和度呈现一定的变化规律。 相似文献
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新疆塔里木盆地胴甲鱼类化石发现的意义 总被引：8，自引：3，他引：8
在塔里木盆地北缘草湖２＃井下近６０００ｍ处的巴楚组下段发现了胴甲鱼类化石，根据这些材料，认为该段的时代为晚泥盆世，与其相当的东河砂岩时代也应属晚泥盆世。 相似文献
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探讨了东河砂岩三级层序界面处发育的不整合结构在空间上有序分布所造成油气的差异运聚。将东河砂岩划分为底部不整合上覆层、原状输导层、风化残余层、风化黏土层、顶部不整合上覆层和区域盖层6类成藏结构单元。成藏结构单元在塔中西北地区和塔中东南地区组成不同,构成两类7种不整合成藏结构样式。两类成藏结构样式分别对应两类的油气藏组合:(1)在塔中地区西北部成藏结构单元被分隔,油气沿东河砂岩段顶部风化黏土层及盖层底部发生运移,形成不整合遮挡型油气藏组合,包括不整合上覆层背斜油气藏、不整合上覆层岩性油气藏和风化残余层低幅背斜油气藏3种油气藏;(2)在东南地区成藏结构单元之间发生连通,油气底部不整合上覆层和盖层底部向隆起部位侧向输导,形成不整合连通型油气藏组合,包括连通型背斜油气藏和连通型地层超覆油气藏2种油气藏。这为东河砂岩的进一步勘探开发提供了指导。 相似文献
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The Antola Formation of Upper Cretaceous age crops out extensively in the Northern Apennines and consists of graded units of calcareous sandstones, sandstones, marlstones, and shales. It can be subdivided into the Cerreto, Antola Marlstone, Bruggi, and S. Donato Members on the basis of bed thicknesses and percentage of shales. Although the whole formation is interpreted as a deep-sea basin plain deposit, the members constitute lateral facies subdivisions which range from proximal, thick-bedded turbidities that show a prevalence of thinning upward cycles in bed thicknesses to distal turbidites that show predominantly thickening upward cycles and have a high percentage of shale. Repetitive patterns in the lithological sequence of the turbidite association are generally distinctive and are satisfactorily described as first order Markov chains. Only the Antola Marlstone Member has an additional second order Markov property. Imaginary eigenvalues of the transition probability matrices of all but the Bruggi Member demonstrate a strong cyclic character in the lithologic ordering within the formation. The behaviour of the Antola Marlstone and of the Bruggi may reflect the influence of a secondary ophiolitic intra-basinal source of clastics that contributed sandy turbidites and olistostromes. Systematic long-term variations in the sequence of bed thickness development in some sections of the Antola Formation are often subtle and equivocal, and pose special problems in interpretation. Fourier analysis was applied to the task of partitioning fundamental wavelengths from “background noise” introduced by essentially random depositional processes. In all members there is (1) strong short-term wavelength of two to three beds indicative of alternating thin and thick beds and judged to be typical of turbidite sequences; (2) an intermediate wavelength ranging from about five beds (proximal facies), eight beds (distal) to nine beds (very distal), which have both thinning and thickening upward trends, interpreted respectively as valley fill due to shifting talwegs of low density turbidity currents, and to progradational, flat turbidite lobes; (3) a poorly defined long-term wave-length of from thirty to greater than sixty beds that may be related to an unspecified trend in the evolution of the sedimentary basin. Phase angles associated with the coniputed power spectra give indications as to the asymmetry (thickening or thinning upward) or symmetry of the representative units. 相似文献
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河南省濮阳地区古近系沙河街组沙三段盐岩特征及其与岩性油气藏的关系 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：4
东濮凹陷北部中央隆起带及其周边地区在古近系沙河街组沙三段由下向上依次发育三套盐岩，每一套盐岩又由若干个盐岩韵律组成，盐岩韵律由盐岩（或膏岩）和泥岩构成。不同的盐岩韵律、同一盐岩韵律在不同地区厚度差异很大。盐岩的构造类型主要有原生板状盐岩构造、次生盐岩墙构造和后生变形盐岩构造。由于盐岩层极其致密，其阻隔作用使其下部地层的地层温度和地层压力均较高，有利于下覆生油岩中的有机质向油气转化；同时，在高温、高压下盐岩呈塑性状态，因此，又是良好的盖层。盐岩与砂泥岩相变，加之与构造配合形成一定规模的与盐岩有关的岩性油气藏，扩大了油气勘探的领域。与盐岩分布有关的油气藏有四种类型：砂体尖灭油气藏、岩性-断层油气藏、断层-岩性油气藏、断背斜油气藏。本文以河南省濮阳地区古近系沙河街组沙三段为例，详细阐述了三套盐岩在研究区的分布特征及其与油气运聚的关系，对于寻找隐蔽油气藏及下步滚动勘探开发具有十分重要的意义。 相似文献
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Chen Yuanren 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》1999,10(2):119-127
ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＴａｐｈｏｎｏｍｙｉｓｔｈｅｓｃｉｅｎｃｅｏｆｔｈｅｌａｗｓｏｆｂｕｒｉａｌ;ｔｈｅ“ｓｔｕｄｙｏｆｔｈｅｔｒａｎｓｉｔｉｏｎｏｆｏｒｇａｎｉｃｒｅｍａｉｎｓｆｒｏｍｔｈｅｂｉｏｓｐｈｅｒｅｉｎｔｏｔｈｅｌｉｔｈｏｓｐｈｅｒｅ... 相似文献
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Traditionally, seismic modeling has concentrated on one-dimensional borehole modeling and two-dimensional forward modeling of basic structural-stratigraphic schemes, which are directly compared with real seismic data. Two-dimensional seismic models based on outcrop observations may aid in bridging the gap between the detail of the outcrop and the low resolution of seismic lines. Examples include the Dolomites (North Italy), the Vercors (SE France), and the High Atlas (Morocco). The seismic models are generally constructed using the following procedure: (a) construction of a detailed lithologic model based on direct outcrop observations; (b) division of the lithologic model into lithostratigraphic units; (c) assignment of petrophysical properties to these lithostratigraphic units; (d) ray tracing to compute time- or depth sections of reflectivity; (e) convolution of the reflectivity sections with source wavelets of different frequencies. The lithologic detail modeled in the case studies led to some striking results, particularly the discovery of pseudo-unconformities. Pseudo-unconformities are unconformities in seismics, but correspond to rapid changes of dip and facies in outcrop. None of the outcrop geometries studied were correctly portrayed seismically at 25-Hz peak frequency. However, in some instances the true relationship would gradually emerge at peak frequencies of 50–100 Hz. The examples given in this study demonstrate that detailed, outcrop-derived, seismic models can reveal what stratigraphic relationships and features are likely to be resolved under ideal or less-ideal conditions, and what pitfalls may befall the interpreter of real seismic data. 相似文献