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1.
FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE ZHUJIANG DELTA   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
The fundamental conditions and basic process for the formation of the Zhujiang (Pearl River) Delta are similar to those of most of the deltas. Their localities are all in the submerged regions of the crustal structure, the shallow estuary results from transgression, the fluviatile runoff flowing into the sea and the silt discharge are large, the destructive energy of waves and the coastal current is small, silt accumulates rapidly, the depositional fabric is zonally distributed horizontally, and the corresponding sequence occurs vertically. Because the original Zhujiang Estuary stretched up to the continent about 160 km, the silt discharge of the Zhujiang River is now relatively small, as compared with the rivers famous for their deltas stretching into the sea. Therefore, the Zhujiang Delta is still developing inside the estuary, and thus is called the filling delta. Thanks to the long history and culture as well as the kaleidoscope-like ancient literature of the Chinese people, reliable pieces of evide  相似文献   

2.
珠江河口特征认知的发展   总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0  
赵焕庭 《海洋学报》2018,40(7):1-21
人们对珠江河口的认知发生过几次飞跃。第一次认知飞跃,柯维廉(W.Olivecrona)1915年首次提出了珠江三角洲的概念;第二次认知飞跃,吴尚时1937年证明海水曾深入广州形成珠江河口湾并发育三角洲,1941和1947年先后著文肯定了珠江三角洲的存在,并确定了其主体范围;第三次认知飞跃,曾昭璇1980年提出了冲缺三角洲的概念,1997年提出了串珠状冲缺三角洲发育模式,揭示了珠江三角洲发展的时间与空间位置;第四次认知飞跃,赵焕庭1982年揭示了珠江三角洲叠置晚更新世晚期老三角洲与全新世中期现代三角洲,新资料显示还存在晚更新世中期三角洲;第五次认知飞跃,赵焕庭等于1973-1982年间运用西蒙斯优势流概念和河口盐水楔理论研究了口门和河口湾滩槽地形的发育演变;第六次认知飞跃,吴超羽等于2006年创造性应用自己研发的长周期机理模型和沉积学、地貌动力学等多学科互证,量化再现了珠江三角洲6~2.5 ka BP"镶嵌式"演变过程。  相似文献   

3.
特大咸潮对珠江入海河段环境要素的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
2004年底至2005年初珠江三角洲流域发生了40a以来的特大咸潮,对珠江人海河段的环境要素产生较为明显的影响。在广州市区河段至伶仃洋的珠江主航道上共设置17个站进行取样分析。结果表明,咸潮上溯使人海河段的盐度大幅提升,而且入侵到广州市区河段。广州下游河段的硝化过程被很大程度地抑制,硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐和铵盐含量仅表现为随人海方向逐步稀释,与历史资料相比差异明显。从营养盐含量来看,与2004年的数据对比显示无机氮和硅酸盐有较大程度的下降,磷酸盐含量则有一定程度的上升。N/P值显著下降,虎门以下河口站点下降了近30倍,变化趋势也由沿人海方向递增转为递减;N/Si值则升高为原来24倍,市区河段更高。水体中营养盐结构变化显著。溶解氧含量增加,表观耗氧量降低,其平衡点上移了18km;受输入减少及咸潮稀释等作用的影响,广州下游入海河段的COD含量有一定程度的下降,但严重污染的广州市区河段水体中的COD含量仍保持在很高的水平。存在明显的贫氧现象。  相似文献   

4.
用采自珠江口咸淡水交汇区河段的水和沉积物进行自净试验。试验池内介质由某一段面的水和相应断面的沉积物组成。试验按加入和未加入污染物、流动状态和静止状态的条件组合进行。从试验获得的数据看,在加入污染物的试验池水中,CODMn、油类和砷含量变化有如下规律:以石油含量降解最为迅速,在1—3d内可降至未加入水平;其次是砷,自净速度与盐度有关,其含量降解50%时在低盐度水试验池中为6h,在盐度较高水中约需2d,水中CODMn、油类和砷的自净作用在试验开始后的第一天里进行最快;相同介质的试验池比较,动态条件比静态条件更有利于水中污染物的自净。此外,还应用试验结果对珠江口咸淡水交汇区水中污染物自净效应作了初步的估算。  相似文献   

5.
于2014年10月和2015年6月对珠江口、南海北部陆坡区域溶解态铝的分布进行观测,探讨影响其分布及季节差异的主要因素,并以其作为示踪因子探讨潜在的陆源物质跨陆架输送途径。研究结果显示,夏、秋季珠江口盐度为0时溶解态铝的浓度分别为690.0 nmol/L和360.0 nmol/L,在淡咸水混合初期溶解态铝迅速自水体清除,夏季的清除率(55.8%)大于秋季(29.7%)。在南海北部陆坡区域,夏季表层溶解态铝浓度表现为沿纬线方向西高东低的分布特点,秋季则相反;夏、秋季底层溶解态铝浓度均呈现出随着离岸距离增加逐渐降低的分布趋势。秋季溶解态铝浓度的分布与盐度呈现显著的负相关关系,表明其行为近乎保守,陆架混合水及黑潮次表层水等水团混合是影响南海北部陆坡区域溶解态铝分布的主要因素。并且以溶解态铝作为示踪因子发现,在21.6~22.2 kg/m^3密度面区间存在自陆架向陆坡方向的跨陆架输送。而夏季陆坡中部受到珠江冲淡水的影响出现低盐水舌,但溶解态铝的浓度相对较低,表现出明显的不保守行为。浮游植物的清除作用是导致夏季陆坡区域溶解态铝分布异常的重要因素。  相似文献   

6.
珠江口盆地中部珠海组—珠江组层序结构及沉积特征   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
南海北部珠江口盆地珠海组分为SQ32、SQ25.5两个三级层序,珠江组划分为SQ23.8、SQ21、SQ17.5和SQ16.5四个三级层序,其中前3个层序分为水进域、高位域,后3个层序分为低位域、水进域和高位域。珠江组初期的白云运动使珠海组的浅水陆架环境变更为珠江组的陆架-陆坡沉积环境,造就了古地貌的更迭、层序界面的形成和沉积相的突变。层序界面在陆架主要为粗粒沉积物形成的侵蚀界面、浅水暴露界面,而陆坡为下切水道、丘状扇体底部侵蚀界面和滑塌层。层序的更迭使古珠江三角洲物源供给强度呈现强-弱-强-弱的特点,即珠海组时期的三角洲为陆架三角洲,沉积规模大;之后珠江组物源变弱,珠江组各层序低位域形成陆架边缘三角洲,水进域、高位域演化为陆架三角洲。低位期的三角洲前缘带越过坡折带沉积,并与陆架外的峡谷水道相连,三角洲进积、加积的碎屑沉积物向上陆坡内的白云凹陷内沉积,形成深水扇。因此,相对海平面变化、构造升降和沉积物供给强度控制着层序结构和沉积体展布。  相似文献   

7.
河口是化学环境和化学物质急剧变化的地区,是迁移到海洋中去的河流物质的控制中心。珠江是我国第三大河流,由东江、西江和北江三大支流汇合而成,流域面积广大,沿途排入大量的化学物质。这些化学物质是怎样经由珠江口而迁移到海洋中去的?在珠江口的分布如何?对珠江口的影响如何?等等,既是一个理论研究问题,也是一个实际问题。Cu、Pb、Zn是目前世界上研究较多的海洋微量化学成分。这些元素含量大时,是海洋污染物质。且这些元素的化合物不易分解,还能通过海洋生物的富集,变成更有害的物质。在珠江口海区,这三种元素的含量也较大。  相似文献   

8.
珠江是我国三条最大的河流之一,由三大支流——东江、北江和西江组成。珠江口是三角洲网河区型的河口,无数水道彼此交织,方向各异。大小不一,地形十分复杂。每当台风侵袭本区时,强制波夹带盛潮进入河口向内推移,与洪水相遇时,则相互拥高,水位暴涨,严重威胁着珠江三角洲地区人民的生命财产。 统计表明(见图1),1949-1970年间,侵袭广东沿岸地区的台风共有149次;平均每年7次,八、九月份出现最多,约占58%,五月和十一月份最少,占8%。可以认为,珠江河口区是我国风暴潮的多发区。 近几年来,关于珠江河口区台风暴潮的研究和预报已有论述,获得了一些有益的成果。本文仅对珠江口(伶仃洋)台风暴潮的一些特性从理论和实相结合的角度予以讨论。  相似文献   

9.
-On the basis of the data of geophysics and seismic activities, the analyses of the active faults, seismic activities and the sea floor unstable factors of the Zhujiang River Mouth Basin have been made so as to study the characteristics of the compressional subactive continental margin of Cathaysian system, arc littoral strongly active fracture zone, the division of seismic subzone and seismic zone of the continental margin of northern South China Sea, the potential focal area, and to analyze the regional stability. We consider that the Zhujiang River Mouth Basin belongs to a stable or a moderately stable region.  相似文献   

10.
Distributions of the parameters of sedimentary grain sizes and their correlations were studied to trace the sources of silts and their movement trends in the Zhujiang River Estuary based on the analyses of grain sizes from more than 1080 sedimentary samples. The distributions of the median diameter, public value, quartile deviation, and skewness of sediments were complex in the Zhuiiang River Estuary mainly because of the impact of the matter source regions, distances from the source regions, and hydrodynamic conditions, such as waves, tidal currents, and coastal currents. Analyses of the parameters of the grain sizes for the various types of sediments showed that the distributions of the surface sediments in the Zhujiang River Estuary were controlled by many factors. Their matter sources were mainly the sediments discharged from the runoffs and ebb tidal currents, and from the open sea. The sediments mainly moved by suspension movement. The silts formed a large area of sediments with suspended fine silts in the Zhujiang River Estuary by internal adjustment transportation in the area, and moved toward the western coast of the Zhujiang River Estuary under the effect of Coriolis forces and coastal currents.  相似文献   

11.
The East Asian marginal seas are important sinks of terrigenous materials transported by large rivers. In this study two cores from the Changjiang (Yangtze River) and Zhujiang (Pearl River) estuaries and one core from the inner shelf off of Hong Kong were investigated to examine the burial of organic matter during the postglacial period and its possible links with paleoenvironmental changes. Based on a simple two end-member mixing model, the terrestrial organic matter supplied primarily from the Zhujiang and Changjiang dominates the estuarine areas while marine organic matter contributes more to the inner-mid shelf. The competing contributions of terrestrial and marine organic matter are responsible for the downcore variations of organic elemental compositions. The overall decreasing shifts of total organic carbon concentrations and total organic carbon to total nitrogen ratios in the Zhujiang estuarine sediments since 6.5 kaBP seems to support the notion that depth profiles of organic matter compositions deposited in the Zhujiang Estuary can aid in the reconstruction of monsoon history in the Holocene. Nevertheless, organic matter compositions in the Changjiang Estuary and inner shelf off of southeastern Hong Kong respond in a different and more complex way to freshwater discharges or precipitation changes (monsoon variability) in the catchments, owing to complex controls of deposition and preservation of organic matter in these estuarine and shelf environments. Caution is therefore needed in using organic elemental and isotopic compositions to decipher paleoenvironmental changes in East Asian continental shelves where intense river–sea interactions occur and sedimentary environments change drastically.  相似文献   

12.
以相应引物 PCR扩增了黄河口中华绒螯蟹线粒体细胞色素氧化酶 I亚基基因 (COI)片段 ,PCR产物经 T载体连接之后进行克隆、测序 ,得到 70 9bp的碱基序列 ,其 A,T,G,C含量分别为 34.4 1% ,2 7.93% ,2 0 .0 3%和 17.6 3%。并比较它与珠江流域中华绒螯蟹 COI序列和日本绒螯蟹 COI序列的差异 ,发现黄河口中华绒螯蟹与珠江流域中华绒螯蟹 COI序列完全相同 ,而与日本绒螯蟹差异非常明显 ,70 9或 6 5 8(不计引物 )位点中核苷酸差异数为 32 ,核苷酸差异率为 4 .5 1%或 4 .86 % (不计引物 ) ,其中 2 5个位点为转换 ,7个位点为颠换。作者倾向于支持存在中华绒螯蟹和日本绒螯蟹 ,或它们为同一种的两个地理亚种的观点  相似文献   

13.
南海北部陆坡50 ka 以来黏土矿物来源与输运机制分析   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0  
在 AMS14C 定年的基础上,对南海北部 KNG5站和 KNG7站柱状沉积物中的粒度和黏土矿物进行了研究.KNG5孔黏土矿物组合的基本特点是以伊利石、绿泥石和高岭石为主,蒙脱石含量次之.而 KNG7孔黏土矿物组合的基本特点是以伊利石、绿泥石和蒙脱石为主,高岭石含量次之.物源分析进一步表明, KNG5和 KNG7孔高岭石主要来自于珠江,蒙脱石主要由吕宋岛提供,伊利石和绿泥石分别由珠江和台湾提供.相对于 KNG5孔而言, KNG7孔沉积物受珠江影响较小,而受台西南影响较大.由物源分析推测,珠江对南海北部的物源供应存在一个明显的界线,而这一界线可能位于 KNG5孔和KNG7孔之间,越过这一界线随着离岸距离的增加,南海北部陆坡陆源沉积物受珠江影响明显减弱,而主要由台湾贡献.  相似文献   

14.
The Zhujiang River Estuary is becoming eutrophic due to the impact of anthropogenic activities in the past decades. To understand nutrient dynamics and fluxes to the Lingdingyang water via four outlets(Humen,Jiaomen, Hongqimen and Hengmen), we investigated the spatial distribution and seasonal variation of dissolved nutrients in the Zhujiang River Estuary, based on fourteen cruises conducted from March 2015 to October 2017,covering both wet(April to September) and dry(October to March next year)...  相似文献   

15.
夏季珠江冲淡水扩散路径分析   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9  
利用1978~1988年国家海洋局南海分局南海北部断面调查获得的盐度资料,分析了珠江口附近海域盐度的时空分布特征,描述了夏季珠江冲淡水的扩散路径。通过统计分析相应时间段的风场、平均海平面高度、珠江径流以及陆地降水等资料,讨论了影响珠江冲淡水扩散的主要因子。我们发现:夏季珠江冲淡水扩散方向与南风强度(频率和平均风速)、近岸海面月平均高度以及径流强度的关系极为密切,如果西南季风强盛,珠江冲淡水向东扩散就多;如果近岸海面高度显著增高,珠江冲淡水向西流动就特别强。  相似文献   

16.
珠江三角洲沉积体与河网干流河道的形成发育   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2  
韦惺  吴超羽 《海洋学报》2018,40(7):66-78
应用PRD-LTMM长周期"动力-沉积-形态"模型和非线性动力学拉格朗日拟序结构理论对全新世海侵盛期以来珠江三角洲以及河网干道的形成演变进行了地貌动力学分析,结果显示:受曲折岸线和复杂地形的影响,海侵盛期古珠江河口湾的水动力随时空高度变化,形成了7个具有不同运动特性的条带区域,并产生了许多不同尺度且相对独立的沉积动力结构,形成了众多的沉积体。这些沉积体成为了三角洲发育演变的基本建构单元。三角洲的主体沉积可概括为受原始地形分隔的若干相对独立的充填过程,干流河道的形成和发育往往是若干相邻沉积体发育和延伸的结果,而三角洲河网干道的总体分布格局则受这些动力区域所控制。  相似文献   

17.
采用中国海监南海航空支队在珠江口石油平台执法中获取的机载高光谱溢油数据,对AISA+机载高光谱数据特点进行了分析,并对石油开发平台周围的油膜和海水进行了分析研究,尝试进行基于AISA+机载高光谱遥感影像的珠江口石油平台油膜分布自动提取,对获取的机载高光谱数据进行辐射定标和地理几何校正,得到了地物表现反射率数据;分析了太阳耀光产生的原因,根据获取的高光谱数据特点及水体光谱特性进行太阳耀光的消除,获得了较好效果;采用阈值法进行溢油分布的提取,便于应用于实际工作中.并采用等密度分割法,对溢油的污染程度做了半定量研究.  相似文献   

18.
Habitat use of the tapertail anchovy(Coilia mystus Linnaeus, 1758) from the Oujiang River Estuary and the Zhujiang(Pearl) River Estuary was studied by examining the environmental signatures of Sr and Ca in otoliths using electron probe microanalysis. Individuals from the Oujiang River had higher and varied Sr:Ca ratios(expressed as(Sr:Ca)×1 000, 3.83–13.0 average) in the otolith core regions, suggesting that they were born in brackish or sea waters, and that a freshwater habitat might not be necessary for egg hatching and larval growth.While, individuals from the Zhujiang River had lower Sr:Ca ratios(0.39–2.51 average) in the core regions,suggesting a freshwater origin. After hatching, anchovies from the Zhujiang River migrate downstream to the river estuary close to brackish water. Our results demonstrated varied habitat use for spawning during stages of early life history between the two populations, and suggested that such variations are promoting diversity of life history strategies of this species.  相似文献   

19.
近几十年来珠江三角洲网河水位时空变化及原因初探   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
根据珠江三角洲网河区25站的验潮序列,应用功率谱分析和正、反傅氏变换方法对网河区月均水位序列的周期变化和趋势变化进行研究,探讨大规模人类采砂活动对珠江三角洲网河区近几十年来水位变化的影响。结果表明:水位序列中包含0.2~11.7 a多尺度的显著周期波动;应用正、反傅氏变换方法消除月均序列中的短周期波动(消除6 a以短的周期),由低通序列进行一元线性回归分析确定水位变化率,变化率从-3.8到3.7 mm/a不等,珠江三角洲网河区水位总体呈上升趋势。从网河区上段到下段再到口门,水位变化趋势由下降转为上升;变化率由负转正,并逐渐增大。网河区上段部分验潮站水位下降主要与西北江网河上段大规模无序采砂引起的河床大幅人为下切有关;大规模采砂导致局部水位下降,使不同时段的水位变化率发生波动,甚至造成部分验潮站的水位变化由缓慢上升转为大幅下降的"逆变"。  相似文献   

20.
The Zhujiang (Pearl River) Estuary is a complex water system whose catchments basincovers a very large part of southern China. The large quantity of fresh water carried by the river system flows into the northern coast of the South China Sea through its eight inlets. The Zhujiang River Delta has experienced the fastest economic growth in China during the past two decades. Rapid population expansion and increased industrial development coupled with insufficient waste management turned the Zhujiang Estuary into waste disposal channels just before entering the coastal waters. The water quality of the estuaries and the coastal oceans has become polluted. During the past two years, an intensive study and monitoring efforts of the pollutions of these waters have been made. A systematic and integrated monitoring task including shore-based measurements, shipboard in-situ measurements, and satellite and radar remote sensing surveys has been completed. Comprehensive collection of physical, chemical and biological  相似文献   

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