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从生物学测定、孵化质量、染色体倍性、繁殖方式等方面对产于新疆阿其克库勒湖和青海尕海两品系孤雌生殖卤虫(Artemia spp．)进行了对比研究。结果表明，阿其克库勒湖卤虫的生物学测定值明显高于青海尕海卤虫；两地卤虫加工卵的孵化率和孵化速率没有明显差异；尕海卤虫孵化效率高于阿其克库勒湖卤虫；两地卤虫的染色体倍性均以二倍体为主，其中阿其克库勒湖卤虫有三倍体存在，尕海卤虫有四倍体。两地卤虫的胚后发育速度相近。研究过程中未观察到阿其克库勒湖卤虫进行卵胎生。 相似文献
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中国六个盐湖卤虫品系生物学特征的研究 总被引：15，自引：1，他引：15
本文对中国六个盐湖卤虫卵的孵化速率，卵、脱壳卵、无节幼体的生物学测定值，成体的形态及染色体倍性组成进行了研究。结果表明，运城盐湖、工农湖、杭锦旗盐湖卤虫为两性生殖类型，均为二倍体。艾比湖、巴里坤湖、尕海湖卤虫为阪雌生殖类型，除二倍体外还有四倍体，其中巴里坤湖卤虫还有五倍林。两性生殖卤虫间无生殖隔离现象。两性生殖卤虫与阪雌生殖卤虫在生物学特征的诸方面均存在较大差异。 相似文献
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为深入了解卤虫卵生物学测定值与其品系间的相关性,选择青海尕海、新疆阿其克库勒湖、山西解池、山东埕口盐场、西藏 ( 具体地点不详 )、新疆鲸鱼湖以及西藏拉果错湖共 7 个品系的卤虫卵,进行了干卵、水合卵、脱壳卵卵径及卵亚壳层厚度的测定.统计结果显示卵径及卵的颜色与海拔高度密切相关,高海拔地区卤虫卵径大、颜色深;卤虫卵径的大小与其成体的生殖方式似乎无直接关联;以卤虫卵亚壳层厚度及卤虫卵径为依据的 Q-聚类结果一致,其中西藏、新疆鲸鱼湖、新疆阿其克库勒湖、以及西藏拉果错湖卤虫卵为一组,山西解池、山东埕口盐场、及青海尕海卤虫卵为一组.卤虫卵亚壳层厚度及卤虫卵径与卤虫品系之间均存在相关性. 相似文献
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氨氮对不同发育阶段卤虫的急性毒性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
国内有关卤虫生物学方面的报道很多[1,3],但未见氨氮对不同发育期的卤虫的急性毒性试验的报道,本文选用适合于海水养殖的卤虫(海南莺歌海卤虫)为试验对象进行试验,为我国的卤虫养殖提供一定的参考。1 材料和方法1.1 材料1.1.1 卤虫卵 1995年采自海南岛莺歌海盐场。1.1.2 人工海水 用无氨蒸馏水配制MBL人工海水,配方见Cavanauge,C.M.(1956)。1.2 方法1.2.1 卤虫卵的孵化 孵化方法参考文献[3],孵化的水温25℃,盐度为32.0,光照强度为1100lx。1.2.2 卤虫的培养 孵化后的卤虫幼体培养于5L的玻璃水槽中,培养液的pH值为7.69,盐度为6… 相似文献
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为了确定斑点鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)发眼卵孵化的适宜温度、盐度条件,作者通过设置不同的孵化温度和盐度,研究了温度、盐度对斑点鳟发眼卵孵化的影响。结果表明,发眼卵孵化的适宜温度范围为8~16℃,孵化率都在(73.33±2.04)%以上,最适温度为10℃,孵化率达(87.77±1.23)%。温度高于24℃时发眼卵不能孵化。温度在6~22℃内,斑点鳟发眼卵孵化时间与温度成负相关关系。斑点鳟胚胎发育的平均积温值为343℃?d。发眼卵孵化的适宜盐度范围为0~15,孵化率都在(85.33±1.92)%以上,最适盐度为0,孵化率达(97±1.13)%。盐度高于15时的孵化率为0。盐度在0~15内,发眼卵孵化时间与盐度成正相关关系。 相似文献
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用石蜡切片法观察了青海尕海(GH)、新疆阿其克库勒湖(AQK)、西藏(XZ,具体产地不明)、新疆鲸鱼湖(JYH)4个卤虫种群休眠胚胎所处的发育期,发现4个种群卤虫休胚胎均处于原肠期;通过压片染色法对4个卤虫种群休眠胚胎的细胞核计数显示,其胚胎细胞数分别为3441±164(GH),3412±171(AQK),3736±212(XZ),3861±155(JYH)个。 相似文献
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本文报道了对两种不同结构的卤虫卵(Artemia Systs)孵化设备所作的孵化率比较试验。结果表明,孵化桶内的卤虫卵孵化率可达水泥大池的2.58倍。使用孵化桶,操作方便,周转灵活,节约能源,有明显的经济效益,值得推广。 相似文献
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不同卤虫卵孵化的比较研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
分别选取进口质量较好卤虫卵、进口质量较差卤虫卵、台湾产卤虫卵和天津产卤虫卵进行标准条件孵化、自然条件孵化及去壳卵孵化.结果发现,天津产卤虫卵,颜色、形状正常,每1 g卵数为19×104,孵化率最高,达94.0%.质量较差的进口卵,颜色、形状不太正常,每1 g卵数为35×104,孵化率最差.在标准和自然条件下,卤虫卵均在36h达最高孵化率,但标准条件下的孵化率高.去壳卵的孵化率最高,孵化24 h时,最高孵化率达96.8%比标准条件孵化时快近12 h.但去壳卵易结团或结块下沉,不易漂浮. 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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Derek V. Ellis 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):51-63
This article reviews information recently available from existing marine and coastal mining for responses to environmental issues affecting marine mining at different depths. It is particularly but not exclusively concerned with those issues affecting seabed biodiversity impact and recovery. Much information has been gathered in the past 10 years from shallow mining operations for construction aggregate, diamonds, and gold, from coastal mines discharging tailings to shallow and deep water, and from experimental deep mining tests. The responses to issues identified are summarized in a series of eight tables intended to facilitate site-specific consideration. Since impacts can spread widely in the surface mixing layer SML, and can affect the biologically productive euphotic zone, the main issues considered arise from the depth of mining relative to the SML of the sea. Where mining is below the SML, the issue is whether it is environmentally better to bring the extraction products to the surface vessel for processing (and waste discharge), or to process the extraction products as much as possible on the seabed. Responses to the issues need to be sitespecific, and dependent on adequate preoperational environmental impact and recovery prediction. For deep tailings disposal from a surface vessel, there are four important environmental unknowns: (1) the possible growth of "marine snow" (bacterial flocs) utilizing the enormous quantities of fine tailings particles (hundreds or thousands of metric tons per day) as nuclei for growth, (2) the possibility that local keystone plankton and nekton species may migrate diurnally down to and beyond the depth of deep discharge and hence be subjected to tailings impact at depth, (3) the burrow-up capability of deep benthos and their ability to survive high rates of tailings deposition, and (4) the pattern and rate of dispersion of a tailings density current through the deep water column from discharge point to seabed. Actions to obtain relevant information in general and site-specifically are suggested. 相似文献
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G. Parthiban 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):223-235
Particle fluxes were measured 7 m above the sea bottom during the predisturbance, disturbance, and postdisturbance periods by using time series sediment traps attached to seven deep-sea moorings deployed in the INDEX experiment site in the Central Indian Basin. The predisturbance particle fluxes varied between 22.3 to 55.1 mg m -2 day -1 . Increased and variable particle fluxes were recorded by the sediment traps during the disturbance period. The increase observed was 0.5 to 4 times more than the background predisturbance fluxes. The increases in particle fluxes (~4 times) recorded by the sediment trap located in the southwestern direction (DMS-1) were the greatest, which could be the result of preferential movement of resuspended particles generated during the deep-sea benthic disturbance along the general current direction prevailing in this area during the experimental period. Also, the traps located closer to the disturbance area recorded greater fluxes than did the traps far away, across the Deep Sea Sediment Resuspension System path. This variability in recorded particle fluxes by the traps around the disturbance area clearly indicates that physical characteristics such as grain size and density of the resuspended particles produced during the disturbance had an important effect on particle movement. The postdisturbance measurements during ~5 days showed a reduction in particle fluxes of ~50%, indicating rapid particle settlement. 相似文献
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海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
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The advanced piston corer (APC) has been used by the Ocean Drilling Program since 1985 for recovering soft sediments from the ocean floor. The pullout force measured on extracting the core barrel from the sediment is shown to correlate with the average shear strength of the sediment core measured in the ship's laboratory. A simple rule of thumb is derived relating the shear strength of the sediment to the pullout force. Multiple APC holes at individual sites allow the consistency of the pullout measurements to be assessed. The effects of different operational procedures during APC coring are also explored. Although generally applicable, the correlation between pullout force and laboratory measurements of shear strength breaks down for some APC holes, possibly because of the disturbance of some sediment types during the APC coring process. A better understanding of the physical process of APC coring, and its effect on the properties of the sediment both inside and immediately outside the core barrel, would indicate what confidence can be put on the measurement of pullout force as a way of evaluating the in situ shear strength of deep sea sediments. 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(11):161-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献