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根据2002—2003年珠江口12个航次的调查资料,分析探讨了不同调查时间和区域浮游幼虫的组成类型、丰度变化和环境因子的影响。以表层盐度(S)变化将调查海域划分成三个区域:I区(S<25)、II区(2530)。12个航次的调查结果显示:调查海域共出现浮游幼虫12个类型,隶属5个动物门,II区和III区的类型数一般高于I区,软体动物门和棘皮动物门的幼虫只出现在II区和III区。其中2002年7月(夏季)、2003年1月(冬季)和4月(春季)的3个大航次结果表明珠江口浮游幼虫的平均丰度为61ind/m3,三个区域的平均丰度比较为II区(124ind/m3)>I区(33ind/m3)>III区(27ind/m3),春夏季的丰度高于冬季。另外在I区进行了9个小航次调查的研究表明:I区浮游幼虫平均丰度较高,月份之间的丰度差别明显,不同站位之间也有差别。温度和食料是影响珠江口浮游幼虫丰度变化的主要因素。 相似文献
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本文分析遮浪湾浮游幼虫的季节分布及其与环境因子的关系,并讨论其它有关生态问题。湾内浮游幼虫总数量和主要类群数量的季节变化呈现典型的亚热带海区的双周期型,数量的平面分布随离岸距离增加而增多,水温过低或过高和低盐度均对幼虫的生长活动不利。湾中甲壳动物的无节幼虫最丰富,多毛类和棘皮动物的浮游幼虫次之。 相似文献
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盐度对波部东风螺幼虫存活、生长及变态的影响 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
采用突变和渐变两种实验方法检验了盐度对波部东风螺幼虫存活、生长和变态的影响。这两个实验，在盐度21．0－27．5的范围内，幼虫均有较高的存活率、变态率和较快的生长速度。其中，在盐度24．0处，幼虫的存活率和变态率都最高，生长速度也最大。不管盐度如何，幼虫较快的生长速度总是和自发变态前较短的浮游期联系的，尽管渐变盐度没能使幼虫的存活率、变态率、生长速度、变态个体的大小以及浮游期的长度得到显著的改变，却明显地加宽了幼虫存活和变态的盐度范围。渐变盐度的实验方法优于突变盐度的实验方法。 相似文献
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轮螺科(Architectonicidae)是一类成体螺壳右旋而面盘幼虫螺壳左旋的腹足类,其面盘幼虫在国内一直被误定为强卷螺属(Agadina)种类,归在螔螺科(Limacinidae)中。本文基于线粒体16SrRNA基因序列和胚壳的形态特征,对轮螺科面盘幼虫进行了物种鉴定。结果表明,根据胚壳壳顶和脐孔的形态特征,面盘幼虫可大致分为2种明显不同的形态类型:形态类型I的个体壳扁,壳顶凹陷,脐孔形状规则,圆而深;形态类型II的个体壳顶突出,脐孔形状不规则,浅或深,肛区龙骨有或无。GMYC(GeneralizedMixedYuleCoalescent)和ABGD(AutomaticBarcodingGapDiscovery)分析显示,轮螺科面盘幼虫16S rRNA基因的50种单倍型形成19个分子可操作分类单元(molecular operationaltaxonomic units,MOTUs),同一MOTU的幼虫具有相同的胚壳形态。其中,11个MOTUs中的幼虫属于形态类型I,8个MOTUs中的幼虫属于形态类型II。此外,不同MOTUs的面盘幼虫,其软体部黑色幼体器官(Black Larval Organ)的位置和大小也不同。根据研究结果推测,轮螺面盘幼虫的形态具有种或属特异性。轮螺科面盘幼虫单倍型形成的MOTU数量明显多于国内目前已记录的物种数,其种类多样性可能被低估。基于16SrRNA序列能直接鉴定到种的仅Psilaxisradiatus和配景轮螺(Architectonica perspectiva)2种。本文也从分子水平订正了国内长期以来的分类错误。 相似文献
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波纹巴非蛤胚胎与浮游幼虫的形态发育和生长特性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
摘要：在人工繁育条件下,在显微镜下对波纹巴非蛤胚胎与浮游幼虫的形态进行活体观察和拍摄,并用内置目微尺进行壳长和壳高的测量．首次报道了波纹巴非蛤胚胎与浮游幼虫的形态发育和生长特点,利用图版和文字描述了波纹巴非蛤早期生活史的形态并对其发育生长特点进行初步探讨．波纹巴非蛤的早期形态体现了浅海性种类的特点,“D”形幼虫期的壳长为90．37±1．53I,zm,壳高为71．86±1．09μm;壳顶后期壳长为130．17±1,83μm,壳高为110．24±1．39μm,与其他帘蛤科种类相比明显较小． 相似文献
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沿东太平洋浅海分布的双壳类软体动物数据显示,大量非浮游异养型双壳类具有广泛的地理分布.其中某些种的纬度跨度可达30°以上,这些种绝大部分是分布在38°N～5°S之间.东太平洋沿岸海流、热带海洋相对适宜的环境以及生物地理分区性是导致这一现象的主要原因.经历浮游异养型幼虫发育阶段的双壳类一般具有较高的地理散布潜力,但是,其中某些种由于其对环境的忍耐性较差,只能局限于狭窄的分布范围.东太平洋浅海双壳类的种多样性以及非浮游异养型与浮游异养型双壳类的比例随纬度发生变化.低纬度地区显示很高的多样性,向高纬度地区逐渐降低,浮游异养型双壳类的下降率大大高于非浮游异养型.热带地区以浮游异养型双壳类占主导地位,随着纬度增加其所占比例减少,而非浮游异养型双壳类的比例随纬度增加而逐渐提高.表明随纬度增加所发生的环境变化对浮游异养型双壳类的影响更为显著,而对以本身卵黄为幼虫营养来源的非浮游异养型双壳类影响相对较小一些. 相似文献
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紫海胆浮游幼虫人工诱导变态试验 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
海胆人工苗个体生长差异很大［１］。浮游幼虫变态参差不齐是造成附着后个体生长差异的重要原因。所以,人工诱导浮游幼虫变态在海胆苗种生产中具有重要的现实意义。作者于１９９９年在紫海胆 (Ａｎｔｈｏｃｉｄａｒｉｓｃｒａｓｓｉｓｐｉｎａ)人工育苗试验中,发现紫海胆浮游幼虫变态时间差异很大,早的１１ｄ(受精后 )即变态,而迟的２５ｄ仍未变态。１材料与方法１．１材料人工催产、授精,人工培育的紫海胆幼虫,采用受精后１８ｄ的八腕长腕幼虫进行实验。１．２方法１．２．１５００ｍｌ玻璃烧杯,每个放紫海胆浮游幼虫约１００只,用… 相似文献
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刺参幼虫的变态和习性 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
廖承义 《山东海洋学院学报》1987,17(1):85-95
刺参幼虫的发育可分为浮游和底栖两个阶段．浮游生活阶段包括三个幼虫期。它的特征是体表具有分布不同的纤毛。在囊胚期为周身纤毛，耳状幼虫期为纵行纤毛带，樽形幼虫为五条围绕幼虫身体的环形纤毛带．自五触手幼虫开始，原来的纤毛环逐渐退化．即进入第二阶段底栖生活阶段．从耳状幼虫期至樽形幼虫期．幼虫的体长发生急剧的缩短，形成了幼虫发育的一种特殊生长曲线(见图表)。从樽形幼虫变态成五触手幼虫的时间很短(在水温为20-24℃下为卜2天)，这是幼虫发育的最关键时期。水体腔的变化是幼虫发育正常与否的重要标志。本文对水体腔的变化作了详细的描述．并指出了它在幼虫发育中的意义．特别是在人工育苗中可作为鉴别幼虫发育正常与否的重要依据。 相似文献
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测定了南海原油、0号柴油和20号柴油对斑节对虾Penaeusmonodon、日本对虾Penaeusjoponicus、刀额新对虾Metapenaeusensis3种仔虾和黄鳍鲷和Sparuslatus、黑鲷Sparusmacrocephalus、前鳞鲻MugilOphuyseni和七星鲈Lateolabraxjaponicus4种仔鱼的急性毒性。油类对仔虾和仔鱼的毒性大小顺序均为：0号柴油＞20号柴油＞南海原油。油类分散液的毒性大于其水溶性组分。在曝油的3种仔虾中,刀额新对虾对0号柴油和20号柴油的耐受力最弱,而日本对虾对南海原油最为敏感。曝油仔鱼对3种油类的耐受力顺序为：黄鳍绸＞黑鲷＞前鳞鲻,而七星鲈对0号柴油最为敏感。3种仔虾对油类的耐受力明显低于4种仔鱼。 相似文献
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An examination of the feasibility of passive transport from coastal spawning grounds to estuarine nursery areas for English sole 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Christopher N. Rooper Donald R. Gunderson Barbara M. Hickey 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2006,68(3-4):609
English sole recruitment has been linked to environmental conditions occurring during their 6–10 week pelagic egg and larval stages, prior to their appearance in nursery estuaries during their first summer. The purpose of this study was to predict the spawning locations of juvenile English sole observed in estuaries to assess the feasibility of passive transport of egg and larval stages. Current meter data were used to back-calculate the transport trajectories of 19 cohorts of English sole observed as juveniles during estuarine trawl surveys. Only six of these cohorts were predicted to be spawned outside the Oregon–Washington shelf system, assuming passive transport of eggs and larvae. Predicted egg and larval trajectories indicate that most of the English sole found in Oregon and Washington estuaries were spawned off the coast of Washington, with some spawning off northern California and central Oregon. Although these results are not consistent with the presumed spawning locations for the Oregon and Washington shelf, they indicate that passive transport assumptions may be adequate to preserve the larvae in the coastal system until settlement. 相似文献
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Daniel Doherty-Weason Fernanda Oyarzun Luciano Vera Miguel Bascur Fabián Guzmán Francisco Silva Ángel Urzúa Antonio Brante 《Marine Ecology》2020,41(1):e12574
The level of parental investment for larval nutrition may determine the life cycle in marine invertebrate species laying egg masses or capsules, where the food available for enclosed individuals would determine time and developmental stage of hatching. Most species show a unique type of larval development. However, few species are poecilogonous and combine more than one development type. Poecilogony, although scarcely studied, allows comparing different patterns of parental reproductive investment, without the phylogenetic effect of the species ancestral modes of development (phylogenetic inertia), to help to understand the factors determining life strategy evolution in marine invertebrates. The poecilogonous polychaete worm Boccardia wellingtonensis encapsulates and incubates its offspring, which then hatches as either planktotrophic larvae or benthic juveniles; while Boccardia chilensis shows a non-poecilogonous reproductive type, producing only planktotrophic larvae. In this work, we estimated the bioenergetic and biochemical composition of brooding and non-brooding females of B. wellingtonensis and B. chilensis to compare the costs of reproduction in these two species. Results showed that glucose, protein, lipid, and energy content were significantly higher in non-brooding than in brooding females of B. wellingtonensis; but also contained significantly more glucose, protein, and lipid than females of B. chilensis (in absolute and relative dry weight values). The poecilogonous species showed higher energy content previous to laying offspring. Our results support the idea that the evolution of a certain reproductive and life history traits in marine invertebrates is related to adaptations in the female's reproductive investment. 相似文献
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Paradigm shifts in community ecology: Open versus closed units,challenges and limits of connectivity studies 
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下载免费PDF全文 Due to the presence of the complex life cycles involving a benthic adult and a pelagic larval phase, the study of benthic community dynamics cannot ignore investigations of the processes occurring in the water column. Current investigations focus mainly on larval dispersal from an evolutionary and a biogeographic perspective, taking into account also population connectivity, conservation planning and coastal management. In the present paper we underline the need to improve knowledge of the main traits of marine invertebrate life cycles, highlighting the limits and challenges of current approaches. Firstly, we summarized the changing approaches within community studies, following the paradigm shifts found in recent marine ecological research, from supply‐side ecology to connectivity, and involving the concepts of open and closed populations. Secondly, we analysed the main larval traits influencing dispersal, paying particular attention to pelagic larval duration in light of the few available data for connectivity studies. The difficulty in estimating many of the main traits of larval ecology make numerical simulation fundamental for a better understanding of the relationship between propagule dispersal and seawater dynamics, both being highly variable. We conclude that some essential biological information is still lacking for the proper integration of the modeling approaches. Thus it is necessary to further investigate the life‐cycle traits and physiological and ecological characteristics of each species, an approach known as autecology or natural history. All too frequently modern ecologists ignore such reductionist approaches, although they are essential for a full understanding of processes, such as connectivity and metapopulation dynamics. 相似文献
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以细角滨对虾Litopenaeus stylirostris为实验对象,按时间顺序观察了胚胎各期的形态特征。通过解剖从无节幼体到仔虾第1天各期幼体的附肢,对其发育形态及其刚毛着生方式进行了描述和统计。比较研究了细角滨对虾和凡纳滨对虾L.vannamei无节幼体期形态差异以及色素的变化、溞状幼体期眼上棘形态的差异以及大颚齿数目。结果表明,无节幼体期细角滨对虾的色素明显多于凡纳滨对虾;两者溞状幼体期眼上棘的形态存在明显差异;两者在无节幼体至仔虾第1天各期大颚活动齿的数目变化一致。 相似文献
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中国对虾人工育苗中直接投喂去壳卤虫卵的饵料效果 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了有效地利用我国大量的低孵化率卤虫卵,我们自1989年—1992年,进行了去壳卤虫卵工厂化生产和在中国对虾育苗中直接投喂去壳卤虫卵的饵料效果的研究,应用结果表明:直接投喂去壳卤虫卵,对虾各期幼体均能正常变态进入仔虾期,其发育速度和密度与投喂卤虫无节幼虫的饵料效果基本相同。 相似文献
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Stephen R. Wing Louis W. Botsford Lance E. Morgan Jennifer M. Diehl Carolyn J. Lundquist 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2003,57(5-6):859-872
We investigated sources of inter-annual variability in larval supply to crab and sea urchin populations at Bodega Head and Point Reyes in northern California. During the spring and summer upwelling seasons of the years 1992 through 1997 we monitored the weekly settlement rates of nine species of crabs and two species of sea urchins. As observed in previous studies, daily values of alongshore windstress, temperature and salinity provided evidence for the poleward flow of relatively warm, low salinity water from south of Point Reyes, an apparent retention zone, during upwelling relaxation events. In years dominated by these events (1992, 1993, 1995 and 1996) we observed that alongshore windstress, temperature and salinity were coherent and temperature was significantly correlated with cancrid crab settlement. During these years the magnitude of cancrid crab settlement and the fraction of cancrid crabs relative to other crab species settling were high. Over four years of concurrent sampling there was consistently greater cancrid crab settlement at the Point Reyes site, within the retention zone, than at Bodega Head. Settlement of non-cancrid crabs (porcellanids, grapsids, pagurids and majids) was not as closely linked to intra-annual patterns of upwelling and relaxation, possibly due to the shorter seasonal availability of larvae allowing for the influence of fewer relaxation events. Settlement of this group among years was positively correlated with environmental indicators of strong seasonal upwelling; high salinity, Bakun upwelling index and low temperature. Sea urchin settlement events were observed in June and July of 1992, 1994 and 1997 during warming periods when salinity and temperature were increasing and alongshore windstress was low. Across the six years of the study, we found that cancrid crab larvae had a more even seasonal availability than larvae of non-cancrid species, which settled in greatest numbers during the early portion of the upwelling season. Sea urchins settled in greatest numbers during the later part of the upwelling season. Together these patterns demonstrate the taxon-specific way that inter-annual variability in larval supply is forced by the coincidence of larval availability with favorable physical transport mechanisms. 相似文献