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1.
《岩土力学》2017,(8):2395-2401
从理论和数值两个方面进行分析,发现受径向集中力和围压作用的中心裂纹圆盘(CCBD)试件裂纹面接触会对II型应力强度因子产生较大的影响。通过理论研究,分析CCBD受集中力和围压作用裂纹面接触时圆盘内部的应力场,采用断裂力学权函数理论,推导得出在集中力和围压共同作用下,考虑裂纹面闭合时应力强度因子的解析解。然后,使用ANSYS软件建立了相应的数值模型计算应力强度因子,并与理论解和相关文献进行对比验证,证明了理论公式的正确性。无论裂纹张合与否,所提出的解析公式都能计算出不同裂纹长度、加载角、围压和摩擦系数的应力强度因子。最后,利用公式分析摩擦系数对应力强度因子的影响,结果表明:随着摩擦系数的增大,I型裂纹的应力强度因子不变,II型裂纹的应力强度因子随之显著减小;当加载角较大时,裂纹面产生更为复杂的二次裂纹,故压剪断裂测试的推荐加载角范围为30°~50°。 相似文献
2.
为了研究中心裂纹巴西圆盘试件在压缩载荷作用下T应力的解析计算方法,通过权函数法推导出集中载荷作用下T应力的显式表达式,进而得到分布载荷作用下的T应力表达式。与边界配位法进行对比,所得公式优点在于任意相对裂纹长度和任意加载角下的T应力值都能较容易的精确得到。进一步分析表明,分布载荷与集中载荷作用下T应力的偏差随着载荷分布角的增加而增加。集中载荷作用下,相对裂纹长度固定时,T应力随着加载角的增大而增大。中心裂纹巴西圆盘纯I型与纯II型断裂试验时,大多数情况下的T应力都为负值。T应力值对中心裂纹巴西圆盘测定断裂韧度试验有影响,想要通过使T应力为0来消除这种影响是很难达到目的的。 相似文献
3.
平台巴西圆盘(CFBD)具有避免加载点处应力集中、保证破坏由预制裂纹尖端处起始的优点,成为研究脆性材料断裂性能的常用试件之一。最近的研究发现,T应力也会影响材料断裂性能,但平台巴西圆盘并没有计算T应力的解析公式。使用解析分析与有限元数值分析相结合的方法,对复合型加载条件下平台巴西圆盘试件的T应力进行了计算,并对误差进行了系统的分析。结果表明,在一定载荷分布角内相对裂纹长度 时,不管是纯I、纯II还是复合型加载条件下平台巴西圆盘计算的T应力都可以用中心裂纹巴西圆盘均布载荷下T应力计算公式来计算;T应力相对误差随着相对裂纹长度的增加而增加。 相似文献
4.
由应变能密度因子理论得出裂纹沿着形状改变比能密度因子最小的方向扩展,但理论中所使用的应力强度因子是在拉应力作用下计算得出的,而自然界中的岩体通常处于压应力场中。因此,在修正的应变能密度因子理论的基础上,结合压缩荷载作用下的裂纹尖端应力强度因子,并考虑裂纹面之间的摩擦作用得出了针对压缩荷载作用下的岩石裂纹扩展的应变能密度因子理论,并运用该理论分析了裂纹倾角、围压以及裂面摩擦力对破裂角的影响,将分析结果与已有的试验和数值分析结果进行比较,取得了良好的一致性。分析得出,在单轴压缩荷载作用下临界破裂荷载随着裂纹倾角的增大而先减小、后增大,并且一个裂纹倾角对应多个破裂角,即裂纹朝多个方向发展;在三轴压缩荷载作用下,破裂角与围压大小有关。此研究成果可为压应力场中岩石裂纹扩展的数值模拟提供参考。 相似文献
5.
考虑岩石闭合裂纹壁面间存在的摩擦力对裂纹尖端应力场的影响,应用最大周向应力理论得到压剪复合裂纹的断裂角。在此基础上,依据岩石裂纹尖端双向受力时的破坏特征,结合最大周向应力准则与修正的格里菲斯（Griffith）强度理论,建立了考虑摩擦效应的闭合裂纹失稳扩展的岩石压剪断裂判据。研究结果表明：断裂角受裂纹和荷载方向的夹角、裂纹壁面之间的摩擦系数、侧压力系数的影响;当压剪裂纹的断裂角是某个定值时,纯II型裂纹的断裂韧度与纯I型裂纹的断裂韧度的比值只与岩石裂纹表面的摩擦系数取值有关,而与其他岩石力学参数无关。此研究成果可为压剪应力作用下裂隙岩体的失稳破坏提供参考。 相似文献
6.
岩石内部细观裂纹的存在,对压缩作用下岩石剪切断裂的宏观现象有着重要的影响。然而,能够通过解析解阐释细观裂纹几何特性、围压等影响因素对压缩作用下剪切断裂面角度变化趋势的研究很少。基于Ashby模型中提出的裂纹尖端应力强度因子,提出了一种改进的考虑裂纹角度影响的应力强度因子表达式。利用该改进的应力强度因子表达式,推出了一个可以预测岩石峰值强度的裂纹扩展、应变与应力之间的本构关系。结合本构关系的峰值强度与摩尔-库仑失效准则,得到了岩石损伤与内摩擦角、黏聚力、剪切强度及失效断裂面角度之间的理论关系;讨论了围压、裂纹尺寸、角度及摩擦系数对岩石宏观剪切断裂面角度的影响,通过试验结果验证了模型合理性。结果表明：随着损伤增大,内摩擦角、黏聚力及剪切强度不断减小;随着围压增大、摩擦系数增大和初始裂纹尺寸减小,剪切断裂面角度不断增大;随着裂纹角度增大,剪切断裂纹面角度先减小后增大。 相似文献
7.
为了了解砂岩的I/III复合型断裂力学性能,采用含有裂纹面垂直于底面但倾斜于正背面的三点弯曲（TPB）试件实现面外断裂。使用Abaqus通过有限元法研究了不同裂纹面倾斜角下沿着试件厚度的I型、II型与III型无量纲应力强度因子。通过讨论可知,在靠近试件厚度中点处I型与III型无量纲应力强度因子取得较大值,而II型无量纲应力强度因子取得接近于0的可以忽略的极小值,且靠近自由面处的应力强度因子不作考虑。故该种试件可用于测量材料的I/III复合型断裂性能。数值计算结果与常规TPB试件的解析公式及倾斜裂纹面TPB试件的近似计算公式的结果进行对比,证明了数值模拟结果的准确性并讨论了近似公式存在的问题。使用7组共28个该种三点弯曲试件,研究砂岩的I/III复合型断裂特性,结果表明：砂岩的I型与III型临界应力强度因子随着裂纹面倾斜角的增大先增大后减小,但其变化趋势不同;砂岩的I/III复合型等效断裂韧度随着裂纹面倾斜角的增大先增大后减小,在倾斜角接近20°时取得最大值。裂纹扩展时裂纹面将发生扭转,倾斜角θ越大则扭转角度越大。 相似文献
8.
岩石断裂韧度表征其抵抗裂纹起裂和扩展的能力,作为其力学性能的一个重要指标,在岩石力学理论研究与岩体工程应用中有着不可替代的作用。由于岩石结构的复杂性,其破坏形式大多呈现为复合型断裂破坏,研究复合型加载条件下岩石断裂韧度具有重要的意义。为了研究锈岩的断裂力学性能,以便其在建筑工业中得到更为广泛的应用,通过18个中心裂纹圆盘（CSTBD）试件径向受压试验,进行了复合型加载条件下锈岩断裂韧度的试验研究。测得了锈岩在纯I型,纯II型以及复合型加载时的断裂韧度,并将试验结果与基于广义最大周向应力（GMTS）准则的理论值进行了对比分析,结果表明：锈岩的纯I型断裂韧度为1.01 MPa?m0.5,而纯II型断裂韧度为1.51 MPa?m0.5,是纯I型断裂韧度的1.49倍,这与基于GMTS准则的理论值1.34非常接近,而比基于最大周向应力（MTS）准则的理论值0.87大很多。裂纹尖端附近的T应力及断裂过程区裂纹尖端的临界距离rc对岩石类材料的开裂路径以及复合型断裂韧度都有较大的影响。考虑了T应力的广义最大周向应力（GMTS）准则能很好的预测试验结果。 相似文献
9.
为了完善平台巴西劈裂试验测定岩石抗拉强度的理论基础,基于二维弹性理论,建立对弦载荷下的平台巴西劈裂力学模型,采用应力场叠加法求得圆盘内的应力近似解析解。该应力理论解与有限元数值解一致,证明理论求解的合理性。在此基础上,对比研究了平台加载角对圆盘内应力大小及应力集中程度的影响,其结果表明：平台加载角越大,圆盘加载处的应力集中程度和压拉应力比都急剧降低,而圆盘内的拉应力值和拉伸区却只有一定程度减小;过大或过小的平台加载角都不利于平台巴西试样发生中心拉伸劈裂破坏,其最优平台加载角在20°~30°之间。最后,依据Griffith强度破坏准则,推得岩石抗拉强度的理论计算公式,其结果与已有抗拉强度经验公式及试验所得抗拉强度相符较好。 相似文献
10.
考虑沥青材料的黏弹性,结合动力学和断裂力学理论,通过有限元数值模拟研究了含多裂纹沥青路面在移动交通荷载作用下的动力特性,考察了裂纹间距变化对动态应力强度因子以及裂纹尖端应力的影响。研究结果表明,在移动交通荷载作用下基层底面裂纹处于Ⅰ、Ⅱ型动态应力强度因子交替控制下;裂纹间距增大,对基底裂纹应力强度因子的影响逐渐减小;表面裂纹尖端在移动荷载距其较近时受压应力,且随裂纹间距增大,最大压应力先微弱减小后逐渐增大;在移动荷载经过表面裂缝时,裂缝尖端经历了方向相反的剪切作用,随着裂纹间距的增大,最大剪应力呈现先减小后增大的趋势。同时对加铺土工布这一阻裂措施利用数值模拟进行了验证。 相似文献
11.
Naser A. Al-Shayea 《Engineering Geology》2005,81(1):84-97
Propagation of a crack in engineering materials including rocks can cause failure. Knowledge of the stress state under which a crack can propagate, and the trajectory it may follow during its growth are thus very important for the stability of rock masses/materials and for the safe design of structures in/on rocks. In this paper, the crack initiation angle and subsequent crack propagation path are experimentally investigated for limestone rock specimens. This investigation was conducted under various mixed mode I-II loading conditions, including pure mode-I and pure mode-II.This study includes conducting diametrical compression tests on notched Brazilian disk specimens. Moreover, the effect of confining pressure and temperature on crack initiation and propagation were also studied. The experimental results were compared with theoretical predictions of crack initiation angle. The results showed that limestone behaves in brittle fashion, and the effects of confining pressure and temperature on failure trajectories were not significant. Generally, the crack initiation angle can be predicted by the maximum tangential stress criterion. However, for notched Brazilian disk with high value of crack orientation with respect to loading direction, crack does not propagate from the tip of the crack. This important observation indicated that the tensile-strength failure can become more critical than the fracture-toughness failure. 相似文献
12.
Mixed mode crack propagation in low brittle rock-like materials 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Abdolhadi Ghazvinian Hamid Reza Nejati Vahab Sarfarazi Mir Raouf Hadei 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2013,6(11):4435-4444
Mixed mode fracture is quite common in rock structures. Numerous investigators have used the Brazilian disk specimens with a central crack for investigating modes I, II, and mixed fracture toughness in brittle materials. In this study, analytical, experimental, and numerical investigations were planned and performed on Central Straight Through Crack Brazilian Disk (CSCBD) specimens. Ranking of geometrical parameters effective on the value of stress intensity factors (SIFs) of CSCBD specimens were obtained using stochastic analysis. Furthermore, experimental tests were undertaken in order to evaluate the crack propagation in rock-like material of low brittleness. Finally, numerical modeling was performed to assess the effect of crack length on the failure mode of CSCBD specimens. Analytical analyses revealed that the inclination angle of the crack with respect to the diametrical load has the most important impact on the SIFs among the geometrical parameters of CSCBD specimen. Performed experimental and numerical analyses also confirmed the effect of inclination angle and crack length and their impact on the mode of failure of the tested specimen. 相似文献
13.
Summary This paper presents a systematic procedure for determining fracture toughness of an anisotropic marble using the diametral
compression test (Brazilian test) with a central crack on the discs. Additionally, a novel formulation to increase the accuracy
in Stress Intensity Factor (SIF) calculations using Boundary Element Method (BEM) is applied to determine the stress intensity
factors and the fracture toughness of anisotropic rocks under mixed-mode loading. The numerical results show that the SIFs
for both isotropic and anisotropic problems are in good agreement with those reported by previous authors. The marble with
clear white-black foliation from Hualien (in eastern Taiwan), was selected for the Brazilian tests. Diametral loading was
conducted on the Cracked Straight Through Brazilian Disc (CSTBD) specimens to evaluate their fracture toughness. In addition,
a new fracture criterion was developed to predict pure mode I, pure mode II or mixed mode (I–II) fracture toughness of the
anisotropic marble. The new fracture criterion is based on the examination of mode I, mode II and mixed mode (I–II) fracture
toughness for different crack angles and anisotropic orientation.
Authors’ address: Associate Professor Chao-Shi Chen, Department of Resources Engineering, National Cheng Kung University,
No. 1 Dasyue Rd., East District, Tainan 701, Taiwan 相似文献
14.
Summary The effect of testing method and specimen geometry such as diameter, thickness, and crack length and type on measured fracture
toughness was investigated using specimens collected from a limestone rock formation outcropping in the Central Province of
Saudi Arabia. Straight Edge Cracked Round Bar Bend (SECRBB), semicircular disk specimens under three point bending, and Brazilian
disk specimens under diametrical compression were used in this investigation. SECRBB specimens were used for the Mode-I study,
and notched Brazilian disk and semicircular specimens were used for the mixed Mode I–II study. The results show that specimen
diameter and crack type have a substantial influence on the measured fracture toughness; however, loading rate, crack size,
and specimen thickness seem to have a negligible effect on the fracture toughness. Mode-I fracture toughness is significantly
influenced by specimen diameter and crack type, while their effects on Mode-II fracture toughness are generally negligible.
The different specimens (SECRBB, Brazilian disk, and semicircular) can give comparable results only when the proper span to
diameter ratio is used. The Brazilian disk with a straight notch was found to be the most convenient geometry to use for fracture
toughness determination. A simple method of making a precise notch inside the disk is presented, using the combination of
a drilling machine and a wire saw. 相似文献
15.
In a cracked material, the stress intensity factors (SIFs) at the crack tips, which govern the crack propagation and are associated with the strength of the material, are strongly affected by the crack inclination angle and the orientation with respect to the principal direction of anisotropy. In this paper, a formulation of the boundary element method (BEM), based on the relative displacements of the crack tip, is used to determine the mixed‐mode SIFs of isotropic and anisotropic rocks. Numerical examples of the application of the formulation for different crack inclination angles, crack lengths, and degree of material anisotropy are presented. Furthermore, the BEM formulation combined with the maximum circumferential stress criterion is adopted to predict the crack initiation angles and simulate the crack propagation paths. The propagation path in cracked straight through Brazilian disc specimen is numerically predicted and the results of numerical and experimental data compared with the actual laboratory observations. Good agreement is found between the two approaches. The proposed BEM formulation is therefore suitable to simulate the process of crack propagation. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
16.
基于P-CCNBD试样的岩石动态断裂韧度测试方法 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
预裂的人字形切槽巴西圆盘(Pre-cracked chevron notched Brazilian disc,简称P-CCNBD)是将人字形切槽巴西圆盘(cracked chevron notched Brazilian disc,简称CCNBD)的切槽尖端再稍加切削制成直裂纹前沿的试样。利用霍普金森压杆对P-CCNBD砂岩试样进行径向冲击,完成I型动态断裂试验后再做数值分析得到岩石的动态断裂韧度。为了验证数值模拟的可靠性,先进行了无限平面中一条有限尺寸裂纹表面受冲击拉伸作用的动态有限元分析,结果表明,数值模拟的结果与Shi得到的结果非常吻合。将试验-数值法和他人的准静态法分别确定的砂岩的动态起裂韧度进行对比,两种方法得到的结果有一定的差异。采用试验-数值法,将比较成熟的直裂纹巴西圆盘(cracked straight-through Brazilian disc,简称CSTBD)和P-CCNBD两种试样测得的结果进行对比,两者吻合较好。得到的动态起裂韧度都有随着加载率的增加而增大的加载率效应。分析了准静态法的缺陷,认为试验-数值法得到的结果更为合理。 相似文献