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大气对外强迫低频遥响应的数值模拟 Ⅰ:对赤道东太平洋SSTA的响应 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文通过在IAP-GCM上实现的数值模拟,研究了大气对赤道东太平洋地区暖SSTA的响应,着重讨论了大气遥响应的性质和演变过程. 数值模拟清楚地表明,大气对异常外源的响应主要是一种具有30—60天周期的低频遥响应.分析不同地区和不同季节这种强迫响应的30—60天低频振荡的结构及活动,可以清楚看到它与大气中实际存在着的30—60天振荡极为相似.因此也可以认为,大气对海温异常的强迫遥响应是激发产生全球大气30—60天振荡的重要机制. 相似文献
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大气对外强迫低频遥响应的数值模拟 II:对欧亚中高纬“寒潮”异常的响应 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
本文通过用IAP GCM所作的数值模拟研究了欧亚大陆中高纬度地区的外强迫在全球大气中激发的响应.结果清楚表明,同赤道地区的热源强迫一样,中高纬度地区的外强迫也可以在全球大气中产生低频遥响应;通过低频波列EAP,欧亚大陆中高纬度地区的寒潮异常可以对赤道中西太平洋地区的大气运动及全球大气环流有重要影响.对30—60天振荡的强迫激发来讲,地球大气的气候基本态是极为重要的,热带大气对于全球大气的低频振荡活动具有尤为突出的作用. 相似文献
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运用ＬＡＰＧＣＭ模式证实了大气对南极冰异常的强迫遥响应是激发全球大气季节内振荡的重要机制,进而着重考察候平均偏差结果的时间序列,并且通过带通以处理,特别分析了响应场中３０－６０天低频振荡的重要特征,发现：大报对南极冰减退的响应是一种具有３０－６０天周期的低频遥响应。强迫场中的重要成分是３０－６０天季节内振荡,并且具有同实际大气中的低频振荡相类的垂直结构以及传播和分布特征。 相似文献
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运用ＩＡＰＡＧＣＭ模式证实了大气对南极冰异常的强迫遥响应是激发产生全球大气季节内振荡的重要机制,进而着重考察了候平均偏差结果的时间序列,并且通过带通滤波处理,特别分析了响应场中３０～６０ｄ低频振荡的特征及其活动。通过分析发现：大气对南极冰减退的响应是一种具有３０～６０ｄ周期的低频遥响应,并呈现出清楚的二维Ｒｏｓｓｂｙ波列特征;强迫场中的３０～６０ｄ季节内振荡具有着同实际大气中的低频振荡相类似的垂直结构和传播特征。大气响应场中３０～６０ｄ振荡能量在垂直方向上随高度的增加而增加,在纬向上表现出明显的区域性特征,即季节内振荡的最大动能区（由于ＣＩＳＫ机制）分布在大洋内;ＥＵＰ,ＰＮＡ,ＡＳＡ和ＲＳＡ波列可能是全球大气低频扰动传播的主要路径,３０～６０ｄ低频扰动在波列路径上的传播具有很大的一致性和系统性,从而使中高纬和热带地区、以及南北半球的３０～６０ｄ大气振荡相互联系起来,而且可以认为,赤道中太平洋和赤道中大西洋地区是南北半球３０～６０ｄ低频振荡间相互作用和相互联系的重要通道。 相似文献
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通过２种大气环流模式（ＧＣＭ）的数值模拟,研究了大气对于赤道东太平洋海温（ＳＳＴ）异常外强迫的“记忆”问题。结果表明,大气对外强迫的“记忆”比传统意义的“记忆”要长得多,这是因为外强迫通过影响大气内部动力过程而激发产生了低频振荡（即大气低频遥响应）,使得外强迫的影响可持续相当长的时间,大气对外强迫的“记忆”也就变得相当长。 相似文献
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东亚夏季大气环流和气候对冬季海温异常的邻响应和遥响应 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
本文通过ＩＡＰ－ＧＣＭ的数值模拟,研究了全球大气环流对黑潮海域和赤道东太平洋冬季ＳＳＴ异常的响应,并着重比较东亚大气环流和气候对黑潮区ＳＳＴＡ的响应（邻响应）和对赤道东太平洋ＳＳＴＡ的响应（遥响应）。首先,无论是黑潮区ＳＳＴＡ引起的邻响应还是赤道东太平洋ＳＳＴＡ所引起的遥响应对东亚大气环流和气候变化的影响都是明显而重要的。由于在大气中低频振荡被激发出来,其响应将持续较长时间。进一步分析表明,东亚大气环流对黑潮区或赤道东太平洋冬季正ＳＳＴＡ的响应都将造成华北地区夏季的多雨,其数值模拟结果与观测相一致。另外,赤道西太平洋地区大气的异常（尤其是对流活动）对于东亚地区大气环流和气候变化有重要作用 相似文献
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热带低层大气30～60天低频动能的年际变化与ENSO循环 总被引：17，自引：7，他引：10
利用NCEP再分析资料,通过统计相关及合成分析研究了热带大气季节内振荡(ISO)的年际变化与ENSO循环之间的关系.结果表明,热带大气季节内振荡(也称30～60天低频振荡)的年际变化在热带中西太平洋地区最强.在ElNino成熟之前的春夏季,热带西太平洋的30～60天振荡异常活跃,其动能明显增加且逐渐东移;在E1Nino成熟以后,热带西太平洋大气30～60天低频振荡迅速减弱.与这种加强的30～60天振荡相伴随,在赤道北侧为异常的气旋式环流,赤道地区出现偏西风异常.相反,在LaNina成熟之前的春夏季,热带西太平洋大气30～60天振荡偏弱.进一步的分析还发现,东亚冬季风的年际变化是引起热带大气30～60天振荡的年际变化的主要机制:强东亚冬季风导致热带西太平洋积云对流加强,从而引起热带西太平洋大气30～60天振荡加强;相反,对应于弱的东亚冬季风,热带西太平洋地区积云对流偏弱,大气30～60天振荡偏弱.作者的资料分析还证实,热带大气30～60天低频振荡的年际变化,作为一种外强迫,对ElNino的形成起着十分重要的作用. 相似文献
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利用ECMWF格点资料,分析研究了大气季节内(30—60天)振荡的全球特征。30—60天振荡动能的分布表明高纬度地区要比赤道地区大得多。说明那里有较突出的30—60天振荡。中高纬度地区的30—60天振荡与热带有明显不同,垂直结构为正压模态,以纬向2—4波为主,多为向酉传播。30—60天振荡存在明显的低频遥相关,北半球主要为欧亚—太平洋(EAP)型和PNA型,南半球主要有澳洲—南非(ASA)型和环南美(RSA)型,并且在全球范围构成南北半球相互衔接的低频波列,即EAP-ASA波列和PNA-RSA波列。南北半球30—60天大气振荡有明显的相互影响,本文研究了南北半球30—60天振荡相互影响的3种主要过程。 相似文献
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热带积云对流加热在全球大气遥响应中的重要作用──数值试验结果 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
利用ＩＡＰ两层大气环流模式模拟研究了热带地区积云对流加热在大气对赤道东太平洋海温正异常响应中的作用。通过对积分结果进行分析发现：热带地区积云对流在大气对赤道东太平洋海温正异常的响应过程中起着非常重要的作用。若热带地区的积云对流加热减弱则大气中的遥响应（相关）型也减弱。同时我们还发现，热带地区的积云对流加热加强则响应场的３０—６０ｄ低频振荡也得到加强。 相似文献
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我局从1999～2003年,测报工作连续4年未出现错情,在此期间共有1个250个班,9个百班无错通过上级业务部门验收.在仪器保管、使用、维护上符合要求,对外报送的各种表、簿都能做好出门合格. 相似文献
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The impact of high resolution modern vegetation cover on the West African climate is examined using the International Centre for Theoretical Physics Regional Climate Model implementing the NCAR Community Land Model. Two high resolution 25 km long-term simulations driven by the output from a coarser 50-km resolution simulation are performed for the period 1998–2010. One high resolution simulation uses an earlier and coarser-resolution version of plant functional type distribution and leaf area index, while the other uses a more recent, higher-quality, and finer-resolution version of the data. The results indicate that the new land cover distribution substantially alters the distribution of temperature with warming in Central Nigeria, northern Gulf of Guinea and part of the Sahel due to the replacement of C4 grass with corn; and cooling along the coastlines of the Gulf of Guinea and in Central Africa due to the replacement of C4 grass with tropical broadleaf evergreen trees. Changes in latent heat flux appear to be largely responsible for these temperature changes with a net decrease (increase) in regions of warming (cooling). The improved land cover distribution also results in a wetter monsoon season. The presence of corn tends to favor larger precipitation amounts via more intense events, while the presence of tropical broadleaf evergreen trees tends to favor the occurrence of both more intense and more frequent events. The wetter conditions appear to be sustained via (1) an enhanced soil moisture feedback; and (2) elevated moisture transport due to increased low-level convergence in regions south of 10N where the most substantial land cover differences are present. Overall the changes induced by the improved vegetation cover improve, to some extent, the performance of the high resolution regional climate model in simulating the main West African summer monsoon features. 相似文献
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由中国历史气候记录对季风导致唐朝灭亡说的质疑 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
张德二 《气候变化研究进展》2008,4(2):126-130
2007年1月4日杂志发表了Yancheva等10人的题为"Influence of the intertropical convergence zone on the East-Asian monsoon"(热带辐合带对东亚季风的影响)的论文[1],这是德国波兹坦地学研究中心气候动力与沉积学科的主管豪格(G.H.Haug)率领的科研小组的一项成果,认为是季风的变化引起的长期干旱导致了唐朝的灭亡. 相似文献
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Summary ?Some features of the climate system that can be considered predictors of the onset and end of the convective season over
the Amazon were identified using one-month lag correlations and field composites. The fields analyzed were sea surface temperature
(SST), outgoing long-wave radiation (OLR), vertical velocity and upper tropospheric winds.
Warm (cold) anomalies in the SST in the tropical North Atlantic and the Caribbean Sea tend to be associated with delayed (early)
onsets. Likewise, there is a tendency towards a delayed (early) end of the convective season with cold (warm) anomalies in
these ocean regions. In addition, the SST in the cold tongue region of the equatorial Pacific is negatively, though weakly
correlated with the onset date. The signal of this SST is more evident in the case of the end date, which is earlier with
respect to its mean date in most of El Ni?o cases.
The convective activity intensity itself conditions the onset and the end of the convective season, as it is evidenced by
the behavior of the OLR and the vertical velocity fields. The more (less) intense the convective activity over South America
during the preceding month, the earlier the onset and the later the end of the convective season on the Amazon region.
The prediction of the onset and end dates of the convective season in the Amazon region was explored using a simple multiple
regression technique based on the variables that have shown precursor signals with respect to these dates. The correlation
coefficient between the predicted and the observed onset date is 0.81, and in the case of the end date, it is 0.76. The skill
to predict early, delayed and normal categories was high, since in more than two thirds of the cases the category was successfully
predicted, and there were no predictions of categories opposed to those observed.
Received July 23, 2001; revised February 22, 2002; accepted April 26, 2002 相似文献
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Comparing the theoretical versions of the Beaufort scale, the T-Scale and the Fujita scale 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
G. Terence Meaden S. Kochev L. Kolendowicz A. Kosa-Kiss Izolda Marcinoniene Michalis Sioutas Heino Tooming John Tyrrell 《Atmospheric Research》2007,83(2-4):446-449
2005 is the bicentenary of the Beaufort Scale and its wind-speed codes: the marine version in 1805 and the land version later. In the 1920s when anemometers had come into general use, the Beaufort Scale was quantified by a formula based on experiment. In the early 1970s two tornado wind-speed scales were proposed: (1) an International T-Scale based on the Beaufort Scale; and (2) Fujita's damage scale developed for North America. The International Beaufort Scale and the T-Scale share a common root in having an integral theoretical relationship with an established scientific basis, whereas Fujita's Scale introduces criteria that make its intensities non-integral with Beaufort. Forces on the T-Scale, where T stands for Tornado force, span the range 0 to 10 which is highly useful world wide. The shorter range of Fujita's Scale (0 to 5) is acceptable for American use but less convenient elsewhere. To illustrate the simplicity of the decimal T-Scale, mean hurricane wind speed of Beaufort 12 is T2 on the T-Scale but F1.121 on the F-Scale; while a tornado wind speed of T9 (= B26) becomes F4.761. However, the three wind scales can be uni-fied by either making F-Scale numbers exactly half the magnitude of T-Scale numbers [i.e. F′half = T / 2 = (B / 4) − 4] or by doubling the numbers of this revised version to give integral equivalence with the T-Scale. The result is a decimal formula F′double = T = (B / 2) − 4 named the TF-Scale where TF stands for Tornado Force. This harmonious 10-digit scale has all the criteria needed for world-wide practical effectiveness. 相似文献
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准两年振荡对大气中微量气体分布的影响 总被引：11，自引：5，他引：6
NCAR的包含化学、辐射、动力相互作用的两维模式（SOCRATES）移植回国后进行了初步的模拟试验,用以研究某些对环境问题重要的微量气体的化学、辐射、动力传输过程。在不考虑极地平流层云和气溶胶表面非均相化学等情况下,模式积分多年,计算结果稳定,模拟的风场、温度场显示出正常的季节变化,模拟的微量气体分布与卫星实测资料对照,结果也比较一致。为了探讨热带平流层风场的准两年周期振荡（QBO）对平流层微量气体分布的影响,我们做了QBO强迫的数值试验,即在模式中加入QBO强迫,并与不考虑QBO强迫的模拟结果对比。结果表明,QBO与其相关的次级环流所引起动力输送的变化,使平流层微量气体分布发生变化。 相似文献
19.
Chunguang CUI Wen ZHOU Hao YANG Xiaokang WANG Yi DENG Xiaofang WANG Guirong XU Jingyu WANG 《大气科学进展》2023,40(4):711-724
Here, we analyze the characteristics and the formation mechanisms of low-level jets(LLJs) in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River during the 2010 mei-yu season using Wuhan station radiosonde data and the fifth generation of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ERA5) reanalysis dataset. Our results show that the vertical structure of LLJs is characterized by a predominance of boundary layer jets(BLJs) concentrated at heights of 900–1200 m.The BLJs occur most frequently at 230... 相似文献
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流场配置及地形对西南低涡形成的动力作用 总被引：10，自引：8，他引：10
本文采用定常二层模式讨论较小地形及高、低层流场配置对西南低涡形成的动力作用。指出了西南低涡的形成是与盆地、河谷以及其上气流分层有关的一种定常态.在上、下为西风分层时期,低层的浅薄暖湿西风有利于西南低涡的形成.在上、下为东、西风分层时期,上层浅薄东风亦有利于西南低涡的形成.小型的凸起山脉对西南低涡的形成没有作用. 相似文献