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1.
大别山榴辉岩—片麻岩杂岩的成因   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3  
刘晓春 《地球化学》1994,23(4):366-377
大别山榴辉岩由辉长岩、大陆拉斑玄武岩和少量泥灰质经高压变质作用形成,大别地块可划分出四个形成条件不同的榴辉岩区,它们代表一种构造-岩石组合体,片麻岩杂岩中各种高压变质岩类的发现证明它们与榴辉岩一起经历了原地高压变质过程。二者变质作用P-T参数的差异归因于反响或过程中退变质反应速度的不同。不同地区榴辉岩退变质组合及P-T条件下围岩的一致性表明,大别杂岩现今所展示的“递增”变质带是由榴辉岩相退变质作用  相似文献   

2.
戚学祥  唐哲民  闫玲 《地球科学》2006,31(4):539-550
预先导孔(CCSD-PP2) 位于苏鲁高压-超高压变质地体南部的北苏鲁超高压变质表壳剪切叠覆岩片中, 岩心主要由榴闪岩(包括角闪岩)、花岗片麻岩、副片麻岩和榴辉岩组成.镜下鉴定和激光拉曼测试结果表明预先导孔(CCSD-PP2) 第一段榴闪岩的主要矿物为角闪石、石榴石、黑云母和钠长石, 是榴辉岩退变质作用的产物.地球化学数据显示榴闪岩的化学成分与正常型榴辉岩相对应, 稀土元素组成及配分模式与主孔榴辉岩基本相似, 但微量元素特征及在地球化学判别图解上存在一定差异, 说明该段榴闪岩与主孔榴辉岩的原岩虽然都是形成于板内环境玄武岩类, 但它们并不完全相同, 其差异可能是由原岩性质的多样性及榴辉岩退变质过程中流体组分的加入引起的.榴闪岩及其下部花岗片麻岩内锆石中柯石英、绿辉石等矿物包裹体的发现及岩石学和地球化学特征等与主孔花岗片麻岩相似的性质, 以及在接触面附近榴闪岩中的SiO2含量具有逐渐增高的趋势等, 说明榴闪岩与花岗片麻岩曾一起俯冲到地下深处, 并在折返过程中经历了强烈的退变质作用, 它们之间可能存在一定程度的物质交换.   相似文献   

3.
苏北东海前震旦纪变质杂岩中榴辉岩的宏观变形特征   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
孙竞雄  薛林家 《岩石学报》1992,8(2):161-167,T001
由变质侵入岩和变质层状岩组成的东海地区前震旦变质杂岩中,榴辉岩十分发育,且构造变形复杂。从露头尺度所见七个变形世代,反映了榴辉岩退变质变形序列,初步揭示了该区变质杂岩在不同构造层次因压力、温度及时间的变化而形成的不同构造变形特征。这为深入研究秦岭-大别造山带的变形规律及大地构造背景,提供了一种新的思路。  相似文献   

4.
大别山榴辉岩一片麻岩杂岩的成因   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
大别山榴辉岩由辉长岩、大陆拉斑玄武岩和少量泥灰质经高压变质作用形成。大别地块可划分出四个形成条件不同的榴辉岩区,它们代表一种构造-岩石组合体。片麻岩杂岩中各种高压变质岩类的发现证明它们与榴辉岩一起经历了原地高压变质过程。二者变质作用P-T参数的差异归因于抬升过程中退变质反应速度的不同。不同地区榴辉岩退变质组合及P-T条件与围岩的一致性表明,大别杂岩现今所展示的“递增”变质带是由榴辉岩相退变质作用形成的。高压榴辉岩-片麻岩杂岩的产生是印支期扬子与华北两个大陆板块碰撞的结果。  相似文献   

5.
中国大陆科学钻探主孔0~2000 m榴辉岩的退变质过程   总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13       下载免费PDF全文
中国大陆科学钻探主孔位于大别-苏鲁这条典型的超高压变质带上,孔内0-2000m的岩心中,各种榴辉岩占到50%以上。榴辉岩大多经历了不同程度的退变质。依据榴辉岩中主要矿物绿辉石和石榴石的退变质程度,0-2000m榴辉岩的退变质过程可分为2个大阶段,4个亚阶段:第一大阶段(又分为轻微退变质、部分退变质)、第二大阶段(又分为退变质和强退变质)。总的退变质趋势是:石榴石逐渐被韭角闪石或黑云母 绿帘石替代;绿辉石逐渐被角闪石 钠长石后成合晶替代,硬玉(1d)含量逐渐减少,并部分转化为霓辉石。榴辉岩在退变质过程中所经历的温压条件为:峰期变质温度为697-831℃,压力3.0Gpa左右;部分退变质阶段温度为629-776℃,压力1.2-1.6Gpa;退变质阶段温度为550-650℃,压力O.5-0.7Gpa;强退变质阶段温度为300-400℃,压力0.30-0.35Gpa。综合岩石、矿物及形成温压条件等特征,推断榴辉岩的折返过程经历了两个大阶段:第一大阶段是近等温降压的快速折返(榴辉岩在此期间经历了第一大阶段的退变质),第二大阶段是降温降压的缓慢抬升(榴辉岩继而经历了第二大阶段的退变质)。绿辉石的完全退变质,既是划分榴辉岩两大退变质阶段的标志,同时也是区分两大折返阶段的标志。  相似文献   

6.
唐欢  张宏福 《岩石学报》2017,33(8):2575-2590
秦岭造山带是由多期俯冲-碰撞造山和随后多阶段隆升成山形成的复合型造山带。近年来一个突破性进展是在北秦岭东部即陕西-河南交界地区以及桐柏地区的秦岭群高级变质岩中发现存在大量退变榴辉岩和高压麻粒岩,其中部分退变榴辉岩锆石包裹体中出现柯石英。这些发现证明北秦岭东部和桐柏地区的确在480~500Ma发生过深俯冲作用,随后造山带抬升形成退变榴辉岩。那么,北秦岭西部是否存在类似的(深)俯冲作用?本文首次在北秦岭西部宝鸡眉县地区发现了榴闪岩。该榴闪岩主要由石榴石和角闪石组成,含少量石英、透辉石和绿帘石。石榴石变斑晶都具有明显由退变质扩散作用形成的环带结构,绿帘石变斑晶具有与榴辉岩中绿帘石大致相同的XFe、CaO和Al2O3含量。同时,石榴石变斑晶核部还含有Amp+Cpx+Qtz包裹体,该包裹体矿物组合暗示其退变前可能是榴辉岩,而榴闪岩是在流体活动过程中退变质作用形成的。榴闪岩中锆石的离子探针SIMS定年获得很好的U-Pb谐和年龄(443.9±1.1Ma)和206Pb/238U的加权平均年龄(443.2±2.5Ma)。锆石的低Th和U含量和非常高Th/U比值(0.47~1.66)说明其并非是在"干"体系下形成的进变质锆石,应该是在流体强烈活动下形成的或是进变质锆石被退变质过程完全重置。因此,443Ma应该是榴闪岩的形成年龄即记录退变质作用发生的时间。这些锆石具有亏损的Hf同位素和类似地幔的氧同位素组成。因遭受退变质作用的强烈影响,其εHf(t)值和δ18O值有较宽的分布范围(εHf(t)=2.4~14.7;δ18O=4.25‰~6.39‰),其亏损地幔模式年龄为0.48~0.95Ga。所以,锆石的Hf-O同位素特征指示榴闪岩的原岩主要来自新元古代时期的亏损地幔来源的玄武质岩石。结合北秦岭东部地区榴辉岩发生退变质作用时代间隔可以大致判断北秦岭西部的榴闪岩的峰期变质时代可能为470~480Ma。由此发现,北秦岭东西部早古生代俯冲-碰撞事件时限上存在差异,即北秦岭早古生代俯冲-碰撞作用沿商南-宝鸡一线可能是自东向西发生的。  相似文献   

7.
荣成地区的M类榴辉岩特别富集18O,这样富18O的榴辉岩在大别山-苏鲁超高压变质带还尚未见报导。异常高的δ18O值表明M类榴辉岩与围岩-大理岩在变质过程中发生过强烈的氧同位素交换。稳定同位素、流体包裹体等证据揭示氧同位素交换可能发生在超高压岩石的折返过程中,由于叠加的麻粒岩相退变质作用使同俯冲的新元古代海相碳酸盐岩发生了去碳酸盐化作用,产生了富CO2的变质流体。这种退变质流体特别富18O,成为M类榴辉岩与围岩碳酸盐岩交换的媒介。所观测到的M类榴辉岩内矿物之间,以及榴辉岩与围岩大理岩之间都基本达到了高温下的氧同位素平衡。由于荣成地区各类榴辉岩记录的变质温度普遍高于大别山和苏鲁南段的榴辉岩,因此这一地区的榴辉岩在折返过程中一般都叠加有麻粒岩相和/或角闪岩相的退变质作用。退变质流体,特别是麻粒岩相退变质期间产生的富CO2流体,是造成这一地区M类榴辉岩有别于其它地区M类榴辉岩-特别富18O的根源。  相似文献   

8.
滇西勐库地区退变质榴辉岩锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义   总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3  
滇西双江县勐库地区退变质榴辉岩呈构造透镜体产于湾河蛇绿混杂岩带内,该发现弥补了东特提斯造山带高压-超高压变质岩在云南境内的空缺。在岩石学观察的基础上,借助激光剥蚀等离子体质谱(LA-ICP-MS)技术,对退变质榴辉岩中的锆石开展了精确的U-Pb年龄测定。所测试的3件样品分别采自3个不同的露头:样品PM011-9-1采自勐库控角剖面,样品PM038-15-4采自勐库地界剖面,样品GH1612-1-1采自勐库根恨大寨。测年结果显示,样品PM011-9-1的23个测点中存在2组较集中的~(206)Pb/~(238)U年龄,分别为801.0±9.8Ma和227.0±12Ma;样品PM038-15-4的26个测点中存在2组较集中的~(206)Pb/~(238)U年龄,分别为447.5±3.6Ma和291.7±6.3Ma;样品GH1612-1-1的30个测点中存在一组较集中的~(206)Pb/~(238)U年龄,为229.0±1.3Ma。结合区域资料及锆石阴极发光图像分析,801.0±9.8Ma应属退变质榴辉岩的原岩年龄,可能代表了Rodinia超大陆裂解早期出现的初始洋壳;而447.5±3.6Ma、291.7±6.3Ma和229.0±1.3~227.0±12Ma这3组年龄可能代表了退变质榴辉岩经历的3期变质作用年龄:分别为峰期硬柱石榴辉岩相的变质作用;中期角闪石榴辉岩相-高压麻粒岩相的退变质作用,为一个降压-增温的"热折返"过程;主期角闪岩相的退变质作用,是一个大幅度的降温-减压过程,奠定了勐库地区退变质榴辉岩的主体面貌。  相似文献   

9.
对中国大陆科学钻探主孔100—2000m区间岩心样品磁化率与钻孔原位测井磁化率进行系统时比研究。结果表明,控制岩石磁化率的主要因素是岩性和退变质作用,其中蛇纹石化石榴石橄榄岩的磁化率最大,样品平均磁化率为86.277×10-3SI,正片麻岩,退变质榴辉岩,榴辉岩,副片麻岩次之,角闪岩的磁化率最小,样品平均磁化率为1.698×10-3SI。不同退变质程度榴辉岩的磁化率特征具有明显的差异:中-强程度退变质榴辉岩由于退变质过程所产生的磁铁矿和钛铁矿-钛磁铁矿,其磁化率最大;随着退变质作用的进一步加剧,这些磁铁矿和钛铁矿-钛磁铁矿被完全分解,导致完全退变质榴辉岩的磁化率最小;新鲜榴辉岩的磁化率介于两者之间。在该深度区间,约70%岩心样品磁化率与测井磁化率的比值小于4.0,其中以<2.0为主,相同岩性岩石(如榴辉岩,退变质榴辉岩和副片麻岩)磁化率的比值随深度变化较小。岩心样品磁化率和测井磁化率之间的欧氏距离位于3.0-6.4范围,且随深度变化不明显,如在100~600m和1500~2000m两个深度范围的欧氏距离分别为3.0-5.2和3.2~5.3,表现出相似的变化特征,显示了在此区间深度范围内,地层压力对磁化率的基本没有影响。  相似文献   

10.
胶东威海地区榴辉岩退变质的地球动力学信息   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
威海地区榴辉岩退变质过程表现为三个阶段:第一阶段,原生绿辉石分解形成钠质单斜辉石+斜长石合晶体;第二阶段,原生石榴石及钢质单斜辉石+斜长石合晶体,周边出现角闪石+斜长石 状反应边;第三阶段,石榴石及钢质单斜辉石消失。其后榴辉岩相退变质的p-t演化轨迹是压力相对温度快速降低的顺时针形式,反映本区榴辉岩折返的地球动力学过程可能是在经历了快速上升的构造侵位同时,晚元古宙巨量花岗岩浆可将相辉岩块体携带到上部地壳。  相似文献   

11.
Police, politics, and the right to the city   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Mustafa Dikeç 《GeoJournal》2002,58(2-3):91-98
Space and spatiality have recently been at the core of debates concerning the political possibilities of the city. The arguments advanced in this paper might be seen as an attempt to contribute to these debates through a reflection on the spatiality of (in) justice, politics, and the right to the city. The case of French urban policy, with its focus on distressed urban areas, and the `suburban problem' in France are used as examples to make arguments more concrete.  相似文献   

12.
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others.  相似文献   

13.
14.
The Trinity River (Texas, USA) contains in its watershed 23 different reservoir lakes, the largest one being Lake Livingston situated in the lower Trinity River watershed and two potentially polluting metroplexes, Dallas and Houston. In order to determine fluxes of nutrients and trace metals to Galveston Bay, a survey that included 24 discreet samples collected over a year and at various stages of discharge was carried out during 2000–2001. Geochemical (i.e., sorption by Fe oxyhydroxides), biological (i.e., seasonal uptake by sinking algae in Lake Livingston), and hydrological (i.e., dilution effects by increasing flow rates) controls were found to be mainly responsible for variations in dissolved trace metal concentrations rather than pollution sources. The Trinity River loads of suspended sediments and pollutant trace metals entering Galveston Bay at Anahuac were <20% of those reaching Lake Livingston, and only a few percent of the total upstream trace metal load is entering the Gulf of Mexico. Thus, during the transit through the 23 man-made lakes and an estuary, >96% of the pollutant trace metal load is lost to sediments.  相似文献   

15.
The mineral composition of the Talatui gold deposit has been studied with modern methods. Previously unknown minerals (ilmenite, siegenite, glaucodot, wittichenite, matildite, hessite, pilsenite, zircon, tremolite, cummingtonite, hercynite, and goethite) have been identified in the ore. A high Re content has been detected in molybdenite. The spatiotemporal separation of Au and Ag is caused by different mineral species of these elements and their diachronous precipitation during the ore-forming process. Gold crystallized along with early mineral assemblages, beginning from virtually pure gold (the fineness is 996). Silver precipitated largely at the end of the process as hessite (Ag2Te) and matildite (AgBiS2). The temperature of ore deposition varied from 610 to 145°C, the pressure was 3370–110 bar, and the salt concentration ranged from 56.3 to 0.4 wt % NaCl equiv. The heterogeneous state (boiling) of fluid at the early stages has been documented. The chemical and isotopic compositions of the fluid testify to its magmatic nature and the participation of meteoric water at late stages in the ore-forming process. Thermodynamic modeling reproduces the main specific features of ore formation, including separation of Au and Ag. A physicochemical model of the gold mineralization in the Darasun ore district has been proposed. On the basis of several attributes, the Talatui deposit has been referred to the prophyry gold-copper economic type.  相似文献   

16.
Transport and transformation of nitrate was evaluated along a 1-km groundwater transect from an almond orchard to the Merced River, California, USA, within an irrigated agricultural setting. As indicated by measurements of pore-water nitrate and modeling using the root zone water quality model, about 63% of the applied nitrogen was transported through a 6.5-m unsaturated zone. Transport times from recharge locations to the edge of a riparian zone ranged from approximately 6 months to greater than 100 years. This allowed for partial denitrification in horizons having mildly reducing conditions, and essentially no denitrification in horizons with oxidizing conditions. Transport times across a 50–100-m-wide riparian zone of less than a year to over 6 years and more strongly reducing conditions resulted in greater rates of denitrification. Isotopic measurements and concentrations of excess N2 in water were indicative of denitrification with the highest rates below the Merced River. Discharge of water and nitrate into the river was dependent on gradients driven by irrigation or river stage. The results suggest that the assimilative capacity for nitrate of the groundwater system, and particularly the riverbed, is limiting the nitrate load to the Merced River in the study area.  相似文献   

17.
马元铅锌矿床是近年扬子陆块北缘铅锌找矿的新突破。矿体呈层状、似层状产于碑坝隆起翼部震旦系灯影组角砾状白云岩层间构造带中,围岩蚀变很弱。矿石中硫化物以闪锌矿、方铅矿为主,中粗粒晶质结构,充填于白云岩角砾间。闪锌矿富集Cd、Ge、Ag,贫In、Tl、Se,Ga/In为6~132,Ge/In多1000,成矿温度以中-低温为主。金属硫化物ε~(34)S值相对集中,为12.9‰~19.4‰,平均为17.4‰,来自于海相硫酸盐的还原。铅同位素组成稳定,~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb为17.858~17.918:~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb为15.603~15.694;~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb为37.756~38.046,具有造山带和上地壳铅的特征,震旦系可能提供了金属成矿物质。闪锌矿中流体包裹体的~3He/~4He为0.03Ra~1.05Ra,~(40)Ar/~(36)Ar为326.1~765.1,~(38)Ar/~(36)Ar为0.183~0.204,表明成矿流体主要为地壳流体和饱和大气水(大气降水或海水)的混合。闪锌矿内流体包裹体挥发分δ~(13)C_(CH_4)值为-36.01‰~-28.80‰,δ~(13)C_(C_2H_6)值为-27.72‰~-22.44‰,δ~(13)C_(CO_2)值为-23.24‰~-9.68‰,表明有机流体参与了成矿作用。石英、方解石的H-O同位素结果表明具有海水和有机水混合的特征。可见,成矿流体具有两种流体混合的特征,一为蒸发海水与围岩反应所形成的盆地卤水,二为有机流体。推测矿区可能存在一个古油气藏,由于TSR生成一高硫气藏,为区内还原性有机流体的主要来源。当富含Pb、Zn等成矿物质的成矿流体运移至富含CH_4和H_2S的还原性流体的矿区角砾岩带时,两种流体混合,Pb、Zn等遇到H_2S发生反应而沉淀成矿,并伴生热液白云石等,形成了马元铅锌矿床。综上所述,我们认为马元矿床属MVT型铅锌矿床。  相似文献   

18.
Clay subfractions (SFs) of <0.1, 0.1–0.2, 0.2–0.3, 0.3–0.6, 0.6–2 and 2–5 μm separated from Middle Riphean shales of the Debengda Formation are studied using the TEM, XRD, K-Ar and Rb-Sr isotopic methods. The oxygen and hydrogen isotope compositions in the SFs are studied as well. The low-temperature illite-smectite is dominant mineral in all the SFs except for the coarsest ones. The XRD, chemical and isotopic data imply that two generations of authigenic illite-smectite different in age are mixed in the SFs. The illite crystallinity index decreases in parallel with size diminishing of clay particles. As compared to coarser SFs, illite of fine-grained subfractions is enriched in Al relative to Fe and Mg, contains more K, and reveals higher K/Rb and Rb/Sr ratios. The Rb-Sr age calculated by means of the leachochron (“inner isochron”) method declines gradually from 1254-1272 Ma in the coarsest SFs to 1038-1044 Ma in finest ones, while the K-Ar age decreases simultaneously from 1225–1240 to 1080 Ma. The established positive correlation of δ18O and δD values with dimensions of clay particles in the SFs seems to be also consistent with the mixing systematics. The isotopic systematics along with data on mineral composition and morphology lead to the conclusion that mixedlayer illite-smectite was formed in the Debengda shales during two periods 1211–1272 and 1038–1080 Ma ago. The first period is likely close to the deposition time of sediments and corresponds to events of burial catagenesis, whereas the second one is correlative with the regional uplift and changes in hydrological regime during the pre-Khaipakh break in sedimentation.  相似文献   

19.
Over the past decade researchers working on the rocks of the Beaufort Group in the main Karoo Basin of South Africa have vastly increased our understanding of this important Permo-Triassic sequence. Many new fossil forms have been discovered, allowing for breakthroughs into the biodiversity, biogeography and biostratigraphy of the group. Taxonomic and phylogenetic advances are many and varied, and cover most of the vertebrate taxa, but with emphasis placed on the temnospondyl amphibians, archosauriforms and non-mammalian synapsids, in particular the anomodontia. Biostratigraphic breakthroughs have centered on the Middle Permian Eodicynodon and Tapinocephalus assemblage zones, the Late Permian Dicynodon Assemblage Zone, and the Triassic Lystrosaurus and Cynognathus assemblage zones. Correlation of these biozones with better dated sequences in Europe, Russia and China has allowed for many chronostratigraphic refinements, which are in turn vital for sequence stratigraphical analysis of the basin fill. Based on fossil data, both the lower (Ecca–Beaufort) and upper (Beaufort–Molteno) contacts of the group have been proved to be highly diachronous. The refined chronostratigraphic framework has also allowed for a better analysis of the basin evolution through time, particularly in terms of the correlation of external stimuli that affect basin sedimentation patterns.  相似文献   

20.
藏北羌塘丁固—加措地区康托组的时代   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
自西藏区域地质调查大队创建康托组以来,康托组岩石地层单位广泛应用于羌塘地区,普遍认为其时代为新近纪.笔者于丁固-加措地区的康托组地层中采获古近纪轮藻化石Obtusocharat sp.,O.lanpingenis,Gyrogona qinajiangica和部分孢粉化石,并在康托组底部安山岩中获K-Ar年龄65.1~66.5Ma.上述轮藻组合与同位素年龄指示的地层时代为古新世-始新世,据此将测区康托组的时代确定为古近纪.由于测区康托组之上被唢纳湖组或鱼鳞山组角度不整合覆盖,因此康托组时代的确定不仅进一步完善了测区新生代地层系统,还指示测区在康托组与唢纳湖组或鱼鳞山组之间发生了一次强烈的构造运动.  相似文献   

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