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将PE方法与地震数值模拟方法相结合研究了中尺度涡影响下目标地层成像的畸变.模拟了不同声源频率、不同水深条件下的地震波场.计算结果发现,中尺度涡的存在使得真实地形结构无法在地震成像中反映,而且地震成像畸变随着海水深度、震源频率的增加而增大.机理分析表明,中尺度涡所带来的水体温度梯度变化是产生地震成像畸变的主要因素.为了便于工程应用,本文还推导了有效涡强度、温度差与地形畸变率的关系式.本文的研究结果将对提高深海地震成像精度有一定的指导意义. 相似文献
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三峡工程运用后,长江中游荆江河段持续冲刷,床沙与推移质、悬移质泥沙不断交换,从而造成该河段床沙发生不同程度的调整,对长江中下游河床演变及非平衡输沙机理的研究具有重要影响.在新水沙条件下,总结分析了沙波运动特性及床沙交换方式,引入Markov三态转移概率及非均匀沙隐暴系数,得到基于状态转移概率的沙质河段床沙级配调整的计算模型.研究结果表明:(1)20092014年,沙市站年内床沙中值粒径有先增大后减小的趋势,而监利站年内床沙中值粒径则先减小后增大,且荆江河段年际床沙中值粒径总体呈上升趋势,粗化程度约为6.9%~9.3%;(2)20092014年,沙市站床沙组成中粒径d<0.062 mm的泥沙所占比重不变,0.062 mm≤d<0.25 mm的泥沙所占比重逐年减少(累计减少11.4%),d≥0.25 mm的泥沙所占比重逐年增加(累计增加11.4%),而监利站床沙组成均存在波动性变化;(3)荆江河段床沙转换为推移质的概率随着泥沙粒径的增大而增大,床沙转换为悬移质的概率随着泥沙粒径的增大而减小,而推移质和悬移质转换为床沙的概率均随着泥沙粒径的增大而增大,河床发生冲刷粗化时泥沙输移的主要形式为悬移质(概率为81%~87%),而淤积细化时床沙补给主要来源于推移质(概率为8%~12%).通过验证,本文概率模型的计算结果与实测资料符合较好,能够应用于长江中游沙质河段年际床沙粗化及年内床沙级配调整过程预报,为进一步开展三峡工程下游非均匀悬移质泥沙沿程恢复机理的研究提供理论基础. 相似文献
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中尺度涡在大洋环流中有着重要的作用. 为检验高度计资料同化应用于中尺度涡模拟的效果, 提高环流模式对中尺度涡模拟的精度, 使用三维变分的OVALS同化系统结合POM模式进行了中尺度涡同化模拟实验. 该系统将卫星高度计资料同化反演成为温盐伪观测数据, 然后再次进行常规温盐同化, 得到温盐分析场. 根据中尺度涡现象的物理特性, 经过对比检验, 对系统中的同化参数作了合理设置. 使用T/P和ERS1/2的10 a卫星高度计的海表高度异常资料, 分别用同化与非同化两种方案对西北太平洋的中尺度涡进行对比模拟实验. 将实验结果与观测数据的比较表明, 加入高度计资料同化的模拟结果远远好于未使用同化的模拟结果. 说明高度计反演温盐场的同化方法用于对于模拟中尺度涡现象是非常有效的. 相似文献
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定常风对鄱阳湖水动力的影响 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
鄱阳湖属大风区,风场作为仅次于流域"五河"倾泻和长江顶托作用的另一重要驱动力,或在某些时刻影响局部区域的水流结构,进而影响局部水体中泥沙、污染物、营养盐等物质的输移和扩散.基于鄱阳湖二维水动力数学模型,模拟定常风场条件下的鄱阳湖流场分布及环流形式,并与无风条件下的水流时空结构进行对比.结果表明:3.03 m/s的NE向和SSW向定常风对湖泊水位影响微弱;对流速的影响主要集中在7月中旬至9月底的"湖相"期;其影响区域主要分布在湖区中部大湖面偏西岸及东部湖湾,约占湖泊最大水面积的16%;上述区域出现明显环流,环流结构具有时空异质性特点,环流区流速普遍增至无风时的两倍以上;NE向和SSW向风场产生的环流位置相近,方向相反.相比于以往鄱阳湖水动力研究中对风场的忽略,本次研究揭示了定常风场对鄱阳湖的重点影响区域、影响程度及影响形式,可为泥沙及污染物输移模拟中对风场条件的处理及可能带来的误差与误差的空间分布提供重要依据. 相似文献
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在采用各向异性湍流动能闭合方案和3阶Runge Kutta时间积分方案的大涡模式中,引入由森林冠层粗糙元造成的动量拖曳项、热量输入项和TKE耗散项,以模拟森林冠层和森林边界层的气象场. 通过中性和不稳定层结条件下不同叶面积指数算例的模拟分析及与已有观测结果的比较表明,本文所建大涡模式对森林冠层和森林边界层有较好的模拟效果. 进一步研究表明：不稳定层结条件下较稠密的森林冠层中特有的Kinking & Pairing湍涡结构与森林边界层中湍流的大涡运动相互作用,形成了森林冠层附近的温度斜坡型结构. 相似文献
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本文分析长时间强度维持"菲特"台风不同发展阶段的位涡分布特征发现：台风内核区中尺度高值PV带及其变化与台风强度变化具有伴随关系,即高值PV区与内核区强对流不仅具有对应关系;而且其生命史与台风强盛维持期一致;此外在眼墙区附近位涡梯度最大.分析还指出：垂直剖面上的高值PV呈现由单极位涡态（台风发展加强期）向中空位涡态（台风强盛维持期）的转变,到台风快速衰减期,又形成PV量值较小的单极位涡态.位涡收支方程诊断表明：内核区域水平平流、垂直输送和凝结加热的初始增强和大值收支带不仅对台风内中尺度高值位涡分布及长时间强度维持具有重要影响,而且具有伴随关系.此外,位涡收支各项对位涡态的转变起着不同的作用,其中凝结加热在台风强盛期中空位涡塔的建立中作用明显,水平平流项则在眼墙区的位涡塔中上层有着正贡献,垂直输送在高值PV分布的再分配中起中介作用. 相似文献
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极涡崩溃是平流层大气环流一个重要的变化过程,本文利用31年的再分析资料研究了南半球平流层极涡崩溃早晚年的异常特征.研究结果表明,南半球平流层极涡崩溃偏早年极涡崩溃前后平流层环流场异常表现为整层一致的变化,即都为正温度异常、正位势高度异常和负纬向风异常;而南半球平流层极涡崩溃偏晚年极涡崩溃前后平流层环流场异常的整层一致性的变化不典型,而在符号上与极涡崩溃偏早年的异常相反.与北半球平流层极涡崩溃前后环流异常相反明显不同,南半球平流层极涡崩溃偏早或偏晚年在极涡崩溃前后的环流异常保持相同的性质.进一步分析表明行星波活动在南极极涡的崩溃过程中起到了重要作用,极涡崩溃早年上传行星波比极涡崩溃晚年强,并且持续时间长.通过波流相互作用,行星波的异常使得极涡崩溃早年和晚年10月的平流层高纬地区分别为位势高度正异常和负异常,环流异常持续保持可能最终影响了南半球平流层极涡的崩溃时间.分析显示南半球极涡崩溃偏晚与La Niña事件之间可能存在一定的联系,但在极涡崩溃偏早年与赤道太平洋海表温度异常(SSTA)并无明显关系. 相似文献
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旋转管式分离设备的主分离段一般为变径管结构,针对其内部螺旋流的研究主要集中在平均统计量的分布规律上,缺乏从流动结构角度的描述。本文采用大涡模拟方法对不同旋转条件下变径管内螺旋流开展数值模拟研究,分别以Q准则与基于SVD方法的POD分解法,对数值计算的速度场进行了分析。Q准则等值面显示,螺旋涡从大锥段开始发生破碎,旋转效应能够减弱外涡流区的漩涡强度;POD分解重构后脉动速度场显示,脉动速度场的1阶模态为主模态,包含了湍流的大部分能量,5阶模态之后的流动为由小尺度涡构成的复杂湍动结构。旋转效应抑制了径向涡,促进了轴向涡。从流场结构的角度而言,旋转效应对分离起到了积极的作用。 相似文献
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Albert GYR 《国际泥沙研究》2011,(3):376-384
Coherent structures develop due to an instability process on smooth beds under turbulent flow conditions and they are relevant for the incipient motion of fine sand sediment.Similar flow structures were found to be relevant for the sediment transport under rough wall conditions,but an instability process could not explain them.In this article we show that rough walls produce a new class of A-vortices,these vortices develop from separations on the grains,and are new relevant flow structures. 相似文献
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Wave-induced, steep vortex ripples are ubiquitous features in shallow coastal seas and it is therefore important to fully understand and model the sediment transport processes that occur over them. To this end, two two-dimensional vertical (2DV) models have been critically tested against detailed velocity and sediment concentration measurements above mobile ripples in regular asymmetric oscillatory flow. The two models are a k–ω turbulence-closure model and a discrete-vortex, particle-tracking (DVPT) model, while the data are obtained in the Aberdeen oscillatory flow tunnel (AOFT). The models and the data demonstrate that the time-dependent velocity and suspended sediment concentration above the ripple are dominated by the generation of lee-side vortices and their subsequent ejection at flow reversal. The DVPT model predicts the positions and strengths of the vortices reasonably well, but tends to overpredict the velocity close to the ripple surface. The k–ω model, on the other hand, underpredicts the height to which the vortices are lifted, but is better able to predict the velocity close to the bed. In terms of the cycle- and ripple-averaged horizontal velocity, both models are able to reproduce the observed offshore flow close to and below the ripple crest and the DVPT model is able to produce the onshore flow higher up. In the vicinity of the vortices, the DVPT model better represents the concentration (because of its better prediction of vorticity). The k–ω model, on the other hand, better represents the concentration close to the ripple surface and higher up in the flow (because of the better representation of the near-bed flow and background turbulence). The measured and predicted cycle- and ripple-averaged suspended sediment concentrations are in reasonable agreement and demonstrate the expected region of exponential decay. The models are able to reproduce the observed offshore cycle- and ripple-averaged suspended sediment flux from the ripple troughs upwards, and as a result, produce net offshore suspended sediment transport rates that are in reasonable agreement. The net measured offshore suspended transport rate, based on the integration of fluxes, was found to be consistent with the total net offshore transport measured in the tunnel as a whole once the onshore transport resulting from ripple migration was taken into account, as would be expected. This demonstrates the importance of models being able to predict ripple-migration rates. However, at present neither of the models is able to do so. 相似文献
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Abstract The dynamic behavior of baroclinic point vortices in two-layer quasi-geostrophic flow provides a compact model for studying the transport of heat in a variety of geophysical flows including recent heton models for open ocean convection as a response to spatially localized intense surface cooling. In such heton models, the exchange of heat with the region external to the compact cooling region reaches a statistical equilibrium through the propagation of tilted heton clusters. Such tilted heton clusters are aggregates of cyclonic vortices in the upper layer and anti-cyclonic vortices in the lower layer which collectively propagate almost as an elementary tilted heton pair even though the individual vortices undergo shifts in their relative locations. One main result in this paper is a mathematical theorem demonstrating the existence of large families of long-lived propagating heton clusters for the two-layer model in a fashion compatible to a remarkable degree with the earlier numerical simulations. Two-layer quasi-geostrophic flow is an idealization of coupled surface/interior quasi-geostrophic flow. The second family of results in this paper involves the systematic development of Hamiltonian point vortex dynamics for coupled surface/interior QG with an emphasis on propagating solutions that transport heat. These are novel vortex systems of mixed species where surface heat particles interact with quasi-geostrophic point vortices. The variety of elementary two-vortex exact solutions that transport heat include two surface heat particles of opposite strength, tilted pairs of a surface heat particle coupled to an interior vortex of opposite strength and two interior tilted vortices of opposite strength at different depths. The propagation speeds of the tilted elementary hetons in the coupled surface/interior QG model are compared and contrasted with those in the simpler two-layer heton models. Finally, mathematical theorems are presented for the existence of large families of propagating long-lived tilted heton clusters for point vortex solutions in coupled surface/interior QG flow. 相似文献
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《国际泥沙研究》2020,35(1):15-26
Research on the critical shear stresses for erosion and deposition for cohesive sediment has attracted substantial attention from both engineering and theoretical viewpoints due to their importance in sediment transport theory.Previous studies have proposed a large number of empirical and semiempirical methods to estimate the critical erosion and deposition shear stress,but comparative analyses and validation of the existing methods are still lacking,leaving questions regarding the applicability ranges of the methods.The current paper evaluates the performance and applicability range of five critical erosion shear stress methods derived from different hypotheses on sediment transport for flume experiments and natural tidal rivers using a process-based model.In addition,the effect of the critical deposition shear stress on sediment transport is investigated.The results show that the different critical erosion shear stress methods yield distinctly different prediction results,and their performance and applicability ranges are discussed by comparing their predictions with measured sediment concentrations from the Shenzhen River and measured geometric changes from the Partheniades' flume experiment.The hiding and exposure effect has been recognized as a crucial factor in the incipient motion of sediment on nonuniform beds.A sensitivity analysis of selective deposition and continuous deposition justifies the existence of the critical deposition shear stress.The current study highlights the performance and applicability ranges of the existing critical shear stress methods in sediment transport modeling for uniform and nonuniform beds,which will enrich understanding of the underlying mechanisms of erosion and deposition of cohesive sediment. 相似文献
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An investigation has been conducted to identify the key parameters that are likely to scale laboratory sediment deposits to the field scale. Two types of bed formation were examined: one where sediment is manually placed and screeded and the second where sediment is fed into a running flume. This later technique created deposits through sequential cycles of sediment transport and deposition. Detailed bed surface topography measurements have been made over a screeded bed and three fed beds. In addition, bulk subsurface porosity and hydraulic conductivity have been measured. By comparing the four beds, results revealed that certain physical properties of the screeded bed were clearly different from those of the fed beds. The screeded bed had a random organization of grains on both the surface and within the subsurface. The fed beds exhibited greater surface and subsurface organization and complexity, and had a number of properties that closely resembled those found for water‐worked gravel beds. The surfaces were water‐worked and armoured and there was preferential particle orientation and direction of imbrication in the subsurface. This suggested that fed beds are able to simulate, in a simplified manner, both the surface and subsurface properties of established gravel‐bed river deposits. The near‐bed flow properties were also compared. It revealed that the use of a screeded bed will typically cause an underestimation in the degree of temporal variability in the flow. Furthermore, time‐averaged streamwise velocities were found to be randomly organized over the screeded bed but were organized into long streamwise flow structures over the fed beds. It clearly showed that caution should be taken when comparing velocity measurements over screeded beds with water‐worked beds, and that the formation of fed beds offers an improved way of investigating intragravel flow and sediment–water interface exchange processes in gravel‐bed rivers at a laboratory scale. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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《国际泥沙研究》2016,(4):376-385
Twenty runs of experiments are carried out to investigate non-equilibrium transport of graded and uniform bed load sediment in a degrading channel. Well-sorted gravel and sand are employed to compose four kinds of sediment beds with different gravel/sand contents, i.e., uniform 100%gravel bed, uniform 100% sand bed, and two graded sediment beds respectively with 53% gravel and 47% sand as well as 22%gravel and 78%sand. For different sediment beds, the experiments are conducted under the same discharges, thereby allowing for the role of sediment composition in dictating the bed load transport rate to be identified. A new observed dataset is generated concerning the flow, sediment transport and evolution of bed elevation and composition, which can be exploited to underpin devel-opments of mathematical river models. The data shows that in a degrading channel, the sand greatly promotes the transport of gravel, whilst the gravel considerably hinders the transport of sand. The promoting and hindering effects are evaluated by means of impact factors defined based on sediment transport rates. The impact factors are shown to vary with flow discharge by orders of magnitude, being most pronounced at the lowest discharge. It is characterized that variations in sand or gravel inputs as a result of human activities and climate change may lead to severe morphological changes in degrading channels. 相似文献
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《国际泥沙研究》2022,37(6):737-753
An experimental investigation on flow fields within the scour holes upstream and downstream of circular piers positioned in tandem and staggered arrangements is reported and compared with isolated piers on mobile beds with uniform sediment. The instantaneous bed elevations and instantaneous three dimensional (3D) velocities were measured using a 5 MHz Ultrasonic Ranging system and 16 MHz micro down looking acoustic Doppler velocimeter, respectively. The velocity and flow depth were measured at different locations under near equilibrium bed scour conditions. The measured 3D velocities were processed for the computation of flow parameters, such as velocity fields, streamline patterns, vorticity fields, and circulation. Furthermore, turbulence intensities, turbulent kinetic energy, Reynolds shear stresses, and bed shear stresses around the piers for all three pier configurations were computed from the detrended velocity signals to identify significant differences in the flow parameters and turbulence in the tandem and staggered pier arrangements as compared to those for an isolated pier. A recirculation zone was found near the bed in front of the rear pier in the tandem case from the streamline patterns. The vortices in the bi-vortex system were observed to be opposite to each other in the gap between the three piers in the staggered case. A strong secondary vortex also was observed apart from the primary vortex at the foot of the pier (θ = 0°) in all the three configurations. The strength of the horseshoe vortex (combination of primary and secondary vortices) was found to be higher at the front piers of the staggered arrangement as compared to those of the tandem piers, followed by the isolated pier. The bed shear stresses were found to be higher for the staggered piers than for the tandem piers in the direction of flow (θ = 0°). However, a 50% reduction in the bed shear stresses was observed behind the tandem piers at θ = 180°. The study reported in this paper provides the foundation for further investigation of countermeasures against local scour around tandem and staggered bridge piers on a mobile bed with non-uniform sediment. 相似文献
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The permeability of river beds is an important control on hyporheic flow and the movement of fine sediment and solutes into and out of the bed. However, relatively little is known about the effect of bed permeability on overlying near‐bed flow dynamics, and thus on fluid advection at the sediment–water interface. This study provides the first quantification of this effect for water‐worked gravel beds. Laboratory experiments in a recirculating flume revealed that flows over permeable beds exhibit fundamental differences compared with flows over impermeable beds of the same topography. The turbulence over permeable beds is less intense, more organised and more efficient at momentum transfer because eddies are more coherent. Furthermore, turbulent kinetic energy is lower, meaning that less energy is extracted from the mean flow by this turbulence. Consequently, the double‐averaged velocity is higher and the bulk flow resistance is lower over permeable beds, and there is a difference in how momentum is conveyed from the overlying flow to the bed surface. The main implications of these results are three‐fold. First, local pressure gradients, and therefore rates of material transport, across the sediment–water interface are likely to differ between impermeable and permeable beds. Second, near‐bed and hyporheic flows are unlikely to be adequately predicted by numerical models that represent the bed as an impermeable boundary. Third, more sophisticated flow resistance models are required for coarse‐grained rivers that consider not only the bed surface but also the underlying permeable structure. Overall, our results suggest that the effects of bed permeability have critical implications for hyporheic exchange, fluvial sediment dynamics and benthic habitat availability. © 2017 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. 相似文献
19.
《Continental Shelf Research》2006,26(5):610-621
A volume-of-fluid Navier–Stokes solver (RIPPLE) was used to simulate inner surf and swash zone flow with a 3 s wave period and wave height of 0.14 m on a planar, 1:10 sloping beach (Iribarren number of 1.0). In addition to other hydrodynamic information, RIPPLE was used to provide high-resolution predictions of the pressure gradient and fluid velocity in the horizontal and vertical dimensions that served as forcing to a discrete particle model (DPM). Sediment transport processes in the inner surf and swash zones were simulated for a thin veneer of sediment particles over a 5 m test section in the DPM. Coupling between RIPPLE and the DPM was one-way such that particle–particle and fluid–particle interactions in the DPM did not provide feedback to alter the flow predicted by RIPPLE. The numerical simulation showed strong sediment suspension localized under vortices that reach the bed. Interestingly, the bulk of the sediment located in the small-scale vortex originated from locations nearly 0.2 m landward. These findings suggest that (1) sediment motion for a single swash event can be significant, (2) that sediment measured in suspension likely originates from locations other than the bed directly below the suspension plume suggesting the importance of sediment advection and (3) that sparse cross-shore measurements in the field will only sporadically capture localized suspension events. 相似文献
20.
Jean N. Reinaud 《地球物理与天体物理流体动力学》2018,112(2):130-155
In this paper, we investigate the interaction between two like-signed quasi-geostrophic uniform potential vorticity internal vortices in the vicinity of a surface buoyancy anomaly filament in a three dimensional, stably stratified and rapidly rotating fluid. The surface buoyancy distribution locally modifies the pressure fields and generates a shear flow. We start the study by first considering the effects of a uniform linear horizontal shear on the binary vortex interaction. We confirm that a cooperative shear facilitates the merger of a pair of vortices while an adverse shear has the opposite effect. We next investigate the binary vortex interaction in the vicinity of the surface buoyancy filament explicitly. Here, not only the filament generates a shear flow, but it also responds dynamically to the forcing by the vortex pair. The filament destabilises and forms buoyancy billows at the surface. These billows interact with the internal vortices. In particular, a surface billow may pair with one of the internal vortices. In such cases, the like-signed internal vortex pair may separate if they are initially moderately distant from each other. 相似文献