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为了解软土自由场地地震反应特性,开展饱和软土自由场地地震反应特性大型振动台模型试验。分别从模型体系自振特性、震陷位移及不同土层深度测点的加速度、动孔压比等动力响应指标方面,较为深入和全面地分析饱和软土自由场地地震反应规律、破坏机理。同时还分析模型箱的"边界效应"以验证试验土箱的合理性、有效性和测试仪器性能,并由此进一步确定模型地基有效工作区域。研究表明:(1)地震动作用下,饱和软土自由场地特征频率降低,阻尼增大;(2)饱和软土自由场地对水平输入地震波具有短周期滤波、长周期放大效应,且强震作用下地基失效并表现为减隔震作用;(3)饱和软土自由场地动孔压比优势区域位于浅埋土层,并随着输入地震动强度的增大,该区域动孔压比优势逐渐减弱。该研究可为非自由软土场地试验研究提供必要的技术经验。 相似文献
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利用Davidenkov模型对宁波深厚软土地区土动力试验数据进行拟合分析,确定相关拟合参数,结果表明该模型能较好地描述软土的动剪切模量和动阻尼比随动剪应变的变化规律。然后,基于等价线性化方法以及ANSYS软件的APDL语言进行简单的二次开发,编写Davidenkov模型计算程序,并利用经典的SHAKE软件进行验证,结果表明该程序计算结果很好,能解决目前商业软件中缺乏合适的土体非线性动力本构模型的不足。最后,利用开发的模型计算分析宁波深厚软土的地震响应规律,并与规范推荐的简化计算公式进行比较分析,结果表明规范推荐的公式得到的土体响应偏大,对于地下结构的抗震设计偏于保守。研究成果对确定深厚软土地区土体动力特性及其地震响应研究提供了合理的计算方法。 相似文献
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地震作用下简支梁桥非线性碰撞分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用能量原理建立了能考虑梁薄壁特性的桥梁上部结构梁段单元动力分析模型,利用非线性接触单元Kelvin碰撞模型,考虑非线性支座的滞回特性(采用W en模型),选择适合不同场地条件的地震波,以京港澳高速公路孟姜女河桥(3跨简支梁桥)为例,进行了桥梁结构纵向碰撞非线性地震响应分析。计算结果表明,随着地震波强度的增加,桥梁上部结构碰撞次数明显增加,结构响应峰值均有所增大;跨间碰撞发生对地震响应值影响较大;伸缩缝间距大小及各跨长度比变化对跨间碰撞效应影响很大;结构碰撞响应对输入地震波具有较强的频谱敏感性;桥梁碰撞计算时桥台铅芯橡胶支座不能简单按简支约束处理。所得结论可供桥梁抗震设计参考。 相似文献
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《世界地震工程》2017,(2)
为了研究结构系统与设备系统的动力相互作用,设计并制作了1个由钢筋混凝土框架结构和钢结构单自由度振子组成的结构-设备耦合体系模型,并进行了振动台试验。试验测试了模型结构在不同地震波峰值加速度下的动力特性、位移反应和动应变。根据试验结果,分析了耦合系统的受力过程和破坏机理。采用ABAQUS进行有限元分析,分析了设备与结构不同质量比参数情况下,耦合模型和堆聚质量模型频率特性以及地震响应的差异。研究表明:在地震作用下会形成非线性结构-弹性设备的耦合体系;结构屈服后设备的动力放大系数小于屈服前的放大系数;耦合体系的计算频率小于堆聚质量体系的计算结果,地震响应大于集中堆聚体系,质量比越大,两者的差异也越大。 相似文献
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为研究曲线桥梁在多维地震激励下考虑桩-土动力相互作用的地震响应特性,本文建立了空间桩-土脱离、摩阻和土体压缩非线性理论分析模型。为简化计算将该非线性弹簧模型进行线性化处理,结合有限元ANSYS分析平台建立了黄土场地的曲线桥仿真分析模型,对考虑桩-土相互作用的曲线桥进行了多维多工况数值分析,对比研究了曲线主梁跨中弯矩、墩底剪力和弯矩及桥墩顶位移的地震响应。结果表明:考虑桩-土相互作用的曲线桥梁主梁跨中内力与地震波输入方向密切相关,三维地震作用下主梁内力最大;各工况地震荷载作用下桥墩底部径向剪力响应比切向剪力响应大很多,而桥墩径向弯矩比切向弯矩略小;同一工况下不同桥墩顶切向位移响应大小相当,而径向位移差异较大。在进行非规则曲线桥梁抗震设计时,应充分考虑多维和单维地震激励输入工况。 相似文献
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《地震工程与工程振动》2020,(4)
建立弹性基岩上覆软土场地中二维沉积盆地非线性地震响应分析的有限元模型。模型截断边界定义为黏弹性人工边界,地震波动以等效结点荷载的形式输入,土体的非线性特征以等效线性法模拟,求解在频域内进行。首先,借助高精度的有限元-间接边界元耦合法,验证模型的可靠性。其次,基于某一沉积盆地开展地震动数值计算,针对其线性与非线性响应的差异性进行分析。最后,通过比较非线性条件下自由场与存在盆地地形场地的响应结果,讨论盆地局部地形对地震动的影响。研究表明,土体的非线性特征对盆地地震响应有显著影响,在盆地中心附近有可能出现非线性地震响应大于线性响应的特殊现象;与自由场相比,盆地内的非线性地震响应普遍明显放大。 相似文献
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《地震工程与工程振动》2016,(5)
工程场地中透镜体对地震动具有重要影响,但目前对该问题的研究比较少,尤其是深厚软土场地中的透镜体问题还鲜有研究。本文采用有限元-间接边界元耦合法,建立非线性土-结构动力相互作用模型,并对方法计算精度进行了验证。论文首先比较了弹性基岩模型和刚性基岩模型的差别,建议采用更接近实际的弹性基岩模型研究深厚软土场地中的透镜体问题。然后在考虑场地土体和透镜体介质非线性的基础上,系统地研究了深厚软土场地中透镜体宽度、厚度和埋深对上部结构地震响应的层间位移角、加速度及基底剪力的影响。研究表明,透镜体的存在可能会明显改变上部结构的动力响应,上部结构的动力响应可能会明显放大。透镜体宽度、厚度和埋深对结构动力响应均有很大影响。 相似文献
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动水压力作用下深水桥墩非线性地震响应分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为研究动水压力作用对深水桥墩地震响应的影响,本文分别采用Morison方程和辐射波浪理论建立了动水压力计算方法,分析了动水压力作用对桥墩地震响应的影响;同时分析了考虑材料非线性时动水压力作用对桥墩地震响应的影响。研究表明:动水压力作用增大了桥墩的地震响应,其影响随着相对水深的增加而增强;考虑材料非线性时动水压力对桥墩地震响应的影响,相对线性材料而言有所变化。 相似文献
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Gtz Schroth Luciana Ferreira Da Silva Marc‐Andree Wolf Wenceslau Geraldes Teixeira Wolfgang Zech 《水文研究》1999,13(10):1423-1436
The partitioning of rain water into throughfall, stemflow and interception loss when passing through plant canopies depends on properties of the respective plant species, such as leaf area and branch angles. In heterogeneous vegetation, such as tropical forest or polycultural systems, the presence of different plant species may consequently result in a mosaic of situations with respect to quantity and quality of water inputs into the soil. As these processes influence not only the water availability for the plants, but also water infiltration and nutrient leaching, the understanding of plant effects on the repartitioning of rain water may help in the optimization of land use systems and management practices. We measured throughfall and stemflow in a perennial polyculture (multi‐strata agroforestry), monocultures of peach palm (Bactris gasipaes) for fruit and for palmito, a monoculture of cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum), spontaneous fallow and primary forest during one year in central Amazonia, Brazil. The effect on rain water partitioning was measured separately for four useful tree species in the polyculture and for two tree species in the primary forest. Throughfall at two stem distances, and stemflow, differed significantly between tree species, resulting in pronounced spatial patterns of water input into the soil in the polyculture system. For two tree species, peach palm for fruit (Bactris gasipaes) and Brazil nut trees (Bertholletia excelsa), the water input into the soil near the stem was significantly higher than the open‐area rainfall. This could lead to increased nutrient leaching when fertilizer is applied close to the stem of these trees. In the primary forest, such spatial patterns could also be detected, with significantly higher water input near a palm (Oenocarpus bacaba) than near a dicotyledonous tree species (Eschweilera sp.). Interception losses were 6·4% in the polyculture, 13·9 and 12·3% in the peach palm monocultures for fruit and for palmito, respectively, 0·5% in the cupuaçu monoculture and 3·1% in the fallow. With more than 20% of the open‐area rainfall, the highest stemflow contributions to the water input into the soil were measured in the palm monocultures and in the fallow. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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M. N. French R. L. Bras W. F. Krajewski 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》1992,6(1):27-45
A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities. 相似文献
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M. A. Kahn 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2000,28(2):95-101
Red tide, a recurrent phenomenon has become conspicuous in several Kashmir lake ecosystems since 1991. The responsible organism (Euglena pedunculata), a rare flagellate rediscovered in the Kashmir Himalaya (Khan 1993) caused first and unprecedented red tide outbreak, constituting a maximum of 96% of resident numerical phytoplankton density in Dal Lake. At present, conflicting hypotheses exist on the generation of causal assemblage(s) imparting redness to waters: Jeeji Bai (1991) linked its origin to acid precipitation – a fallout of burning oil‐fields during the Gulf War – whilst Khan (1993) holds local factor(s) responsible. Field/experimental studies support the latter contention that the influx of untreated sewage, in unison with warm temperatures, high levels of PhAR, iron and interruption to hydrological flow‐pattern together with absence/or reduction in grazing activity created conducive environmental milieu for red tide outbreak. Dal Lake “red tide” drifted the bloom‐inoculum to other waters, including Lake Wular, where additional ecological niches were carved out, threatening the aesthetic value and biological diversity of Kashmir lakes. Ecological monitoring indicates frequent seasonal red tide occurrence in Dal Lake (including summer‐autumn event of 1998) which testifies its unabated eutrophication status. Further studies are needed on ecological adaptability and biogeographic distribution of this rare and unique red tide‐causing flagellate. 相似文献
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