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1.
在沈抚灌区野外调查和室内外试验的基础上, 建立水分-反应性石油污染物运移的耦合数学模型, 采用数值方法模拟可溶性油(有效油) 的分布规律, 并定量分析了石油污染土壤不同恢复方案的可行性.研究结果表明, 土壤中的化学作用使可溶性油运移速度远远小于土壤水的入渗速度, 所以可溶性油主要分布在土壤耕作层之内, 难以通过灌溉污水的入渗直接污染地下水; 另外, 清污混合灌溉和改变作物结构的控制方案虽然可以大大降低土壤中可溶性油的含量, 但石油污染土壤的彻底恢复还必须依靠地表水或地下水的合理灌溉 相似文献
2.
Groundwater-level fluctuations at a large scale have a significant effect on the preservation and restoration of vegetation. This study determined suitable groundwater depth within which natural vegetation grows well, and analysed the effect of groundwater regulation on vegetation restoration in Tianjin City, northern China. Normal and lognormal distributions were used to fit the curve of the relation between vegetation and groundwater depth. The groundwater depth range corresponding to the higher frequency of vegetation distribution was regarded as the ‘suitable water depth’ range for vegetation growth. The suitable groundwater depth for shrub growth was 3–5 m and for grass growth 1–3 m. A groundwater flow model predicted the future changes of groundwater depths in the vegetation distribution area under the condition that the current levels of groundwater extraction are maintained. The results showed that there is potential for the extraction of groundwater in shrubland areas, but for grassland areas the water-table elevation showed a downward trend, meaning that water shortages in some areas may be more severe in the future. Finally, based on the current groundwater extraction regime, two regulation schemes were developed: (1) for shrubland, groundwater extraction was reduced by 10% in the ecological water deficit areas, and extraction was increased by 10% in the ecological water surplus and suitable areas, and (2) for grassland, groundwater recharge was increased by the restoration of the wetland areas. In conclusion, the groundwater depths in most of the area would be more suitable for vegetation growth under the regulation schemes. 相似文献
3.
In order to simulate the recovery of groundwater funnels under the condition of reducing groundwater abstraction, hydrogeological conditions of recoverability construction of Shijiazhuang groundwater funnel were analyzed, and a numerical simulation method was used based on the change of various parameters. The results show that the groundwater flow model can accurately reflect groundwater hydrogeological characteristics, and can guarantee the reliability of groundwater restoration prediction. The research has set up four schemes for rural water-saving, planting structure adjustment, urban reducing abstraction and integrated method. The effect of four restoration schemes on the restoration of groundwater funnels was compared with water table variations of two observation well. Comparison results show that the level changes of plan Three and Four are different from the other two kinds of exploitation and the drop trend of water table in the funnel area is flat. So we can conclude that Plan Three and Four have significant effect on the groundwater funnel restoration of Shijiazhuang. 相似文献
4.
海水入侵导致地下水变咸对青岛李哥庄地区经济发展产生了不利影响,急需开展治理该地区咸水体的工作。根据研究区已有的降雨、蒸发及水文地质等资料,结合现场调查和监测,利用地下水模拟软件Visual-MODFLOW中的SEAWAT模块建立了该地区的数值模型,并利用实测资料识别和验证了该模型参数,表明所建模型能反映李哥庄地区的实际水文地质条件。为了模拟研究区地下咸水体的恢复治理情况,提出了连续抽水、间歇式抽水和抽注水结合三种咸水恢复方案,并利用该模型对三种恢复方案进行了模拟优化。结果表明,抽取地下咸水只是咸水恢复的一个因素,周边淡水的驱替作用则是咸水恢复另一个的因素,抽注水结合恢复方案为三种方案中最优的方案。 相似文献
5.
黑河中游绿洲典型灌区地下水资源总均衡估算 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
根据对研究区多年的水文地质观测资料的分析和研究,建立了黑河中游典型灌区地下水水资源总均衡模型,选取了黑河干流具有代表性的平川、板桥、鸭暖和蓼泉灌区,对地下水均衡模型中的补给项及排泄项的主要变量分别进行了估算,结果表明:各灌区均衡期内地下水动态资料计算的均衡期始末地下水储存量变化与模型计算的均衡差基本相近,其相对误差为-17.6%,说明均衡模型对于估算内陆绿洲灌区地下水资源均衡是比较准确的。 相似文献
6.
地下水资源构成变化及驱动力分析研究对于城市水资源的开发利用、发展规划及城市资源的管理具有实际指导意义。前人对新疆伊犁霍城县的研究多为当年水资源量,未涉及水资源构成变化的讨论。文章采用地下水均衡、数理统计及因子分析等方法,对霍城县近30年地下水资源构成变化及驱动力进行了定量研究。结果表明:1985—2014年霍城县地下水资源总体呈下降趋势,1985—1990年间为正均衡,2000—2014年演变为负均衡。同时地下水资源构成发生了深刻变化,从水均衡法得到河道和渠系入渗补给显著减少,田间入渗补给量持续增加,泉水排泄量减少22.85%,人工开采量增加15.2%;从因子分析法对比出1985—2000年较2000—2014年,水资源构成项中的主要成分与水资源总量的正负相关性发生了改变。泉水排泄量、河道入渗量、水库入渗量与水资源总量的相关性由负相关变为正相关,田间入渗补给及人工开采由正相关变为负相关;水均衡法和因子分析法对地下水资源构成变化分析结果呈现较高的相关性,结果表明人类活动对地下水资源构成产生深刻影响,是造成霍城县地下水资源变化的主要驱动力,其中灌溉面积不断增大的同时,改进灌溉方式提升灌溉水利用系数,使得田间入渗量增加速度较为平缓。人工开采使地下水位持续下降,造成泉水资源量呈阶段性衰减,同时研究区地下水位重新分布,灌溉面积及灌水总量增大,使得蒸发量增大。故而针对各驱动力提出相应节水措施对指导当地水资源的可持续利用有着重要意义。 相似文献
7.
黄河流域中上游矿区煤?水矛盾突出,煤炭开采对地下水环境造成一定的破坏。基于此,以鄂尔多斯盆地北部侏罗纪煤田榆神府矿区为研究区,在野外调查、数据分析、室内测试的基础上,分析研究区矿井水的量质特征,揭示煤炭高强度开采对地下水环境的影响,并开展矿井水生态利用研究。结果表明:研究区矿井富水系数在0.23~2.28,平均为0.91,评估2020年区内矿井排水量高达4.70亿m3,受采掘活动影响,浅埋煤层开采区地下水位下降趋势明显;区内矿井水出现不同程度的污染组分超标现象,主要超标指标为化学需氧量(COD)、Na+、SO4 2?、溶解性总固体(TDS),未处理的矿井水外排将会污染区内地下水环境;研究区浅层地下水超限的水质指标主要为NO3-N,与矿井水超限水质指标差别较大,反映出浅层地下水水质受采矿活动影响较小;提出矿井水浅层回灌和矿井水生态灌溉2种模式开展研究区矿井水的生态利用,矿井水回灌对矿井水中的溶解性有机碳、色度具有较好的去除效果,回灌后出水满足Ⅲ类地下水限值;浅埋煤矿矿井水具有作为矿区生态修复灌溉用水的较好潜力,中深埋煤矿和深埋煤矿矿井水不适宜作为灌溉用水。研究结果为我国西部煤矿区水资源保护和生态修复提供重要依据。 相似文献
8.
Anthony J. Smith 《Hydrogeology Journal》2008,16(6):1159-1175
Groundwater beneath the Ord River Irrigation Area (ORIA) in northern Australia has risen in elevation by 10–20 m during the past 40 years with attendant concerns about water logging and soil salinization. Persistent groundwater accession has been attributed to excessive irrigation and surface water leakage; however, analysis of daily water-table records from the past 10 years yielded a contrary result. On a seasonal basis, water-table elevation typically fell during irrigation (dry) seasons and rose during fallow (wet) seasons, conflicting with the conventional view that irrigation and not rainfall must be the dominant control on groundwater accession. Previous investigations of unexpectedly large infiltration losses through the cracking clay soils provide a plausible explanation for the apparent conundrum. Because rainfall is uncontrolled and occurs independently of the soil moisture condition, there is greater opportunity for incipient ponding and rapid infiltration through preferred flow pathways. In contrast, irrigation is scheduled when needed and applications are stopped after soil wetting is achieved. Contemporary groundwater management in the ORIA is focused on improving irrigation efficiency during dry seasons but additional opportunities may exist to improve groundwater conditions and salinity risk through giving equal attention to the wet-season water balance. 相似文献
9.
Groundwater simulation using a numerical model under different water resources management scenarios in an arid region of China 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
Shaoyuan Feng Zailin Huo Shaozhong Kang Zejun Tang Fengxin Wang 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2011,62(5):961-971
Groundwater plays an important role in the economic development and ecological balance of the arid area of northwest China.
Unfortunately, human activity, for example groundwater extraction for irrigation, have resulted in excessive falls in groundwater
level, and aquifer overdraft in the oasis, disrupting the natural equilibrium of these systems. A groundwater numerical model
for Minqin oasis, an arid area of northwest China, was developed using FEFLOW software to simulate regional groundwater changes
under transient conditions. The vertical recharge and discharge (source/sink terms) of the groundwater models were determined
from land-use data and irrigation systems for the different crops in the different sub-areas. The calibrated model was used
to predict the change for the period from 2000 to 2020 under various water resources management scenarios. Simulated results
showed that under current water resources management conditions groundwater levels at Minqin oasis are in a continuous drawdown
trend and groundwater depth will be more than 30 m by 2020. Reducing the irrigation area is more effective than water-saving
irrigation to reduce groundwater decline at Minqin oasis and the annual groundwater budget would be −0.978 × 108 m3. In addition, water-diversion projects can also reduce the drawdown trend of groundwater at Minqin oasis, and the groundwater
budget in the Huqu sub-area would be in zero equilibrium if the annual inflow into the oasis was enhanced to 2.51 × 108 m3. Furthermore, integrative water resources management including water-diversion projects, water-saving irrigation, and reducing
the irrigation area are the most effective measures for solving groundwater problems at Minqin oasis. 相似文献
10.
本文通过对疏勒河流域双塔灌区地下水资源分布特征及地下水动态变化特征的分析,提出了该灌区地下水开发利用的建议及可持续发展对策. 相似文献
11.
地下水是孔雀河流域农业灌溉的主要水源之一,其对本地区经济发展的支撑作用日益增强。为实现孔雀河流域水资源合理开发和生态保护,采用环境同位素和水化学方法,研究了孔雀河流域地下水与地表水关系。结果表明:地下水的主要补给来源为河水。含水层成因类型和现代河道分布共同控制着孔雀河流域地下咸淡水的空间分布格局;氢氧稳定同位素对不同水体的相互转化指示作用较强,但难以区别更新世与全新世的地下水;3 H和14 C放射性同位素组分对地下水循环演化及更新能力的指示作用较好,14 C年龄变化特征可以很好指示承压水的运移方向和速率;13 C可作为初步判断地下水类型或年龄的参考指示剂;大量渠系引水灌溉使得潜水接受地表水入渗补给能力增强,更新能力显著提高,但承压水目前的开采利用仍以消耗更新能力差的老水为主。当地应优化调整地下水开发格局,减少流域中游河套内农灌区承压水开采量,加大流域下游微咸水分布区潜水开采利用,降低潜水位,减轻土壤盐渍化,促进水土资源开发的良性循环。 相似文献
12.
敦煌月牙泉湖水位持续下降原因及对策分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在分析月牙泉湖水文地质条件的基础上，依据实际调查资料和前人研究成果，定量分析了月牙泉湖水位持续下降的原因，认为地表水开采量的不断增加和水资源利用率的不断提高所引起的区域性地下水位持续下降是月牙泉湖水位下降的主要原因，超采地下水所引起的储存资源的减少是导致月牙泉湖地下水位下降的次要原因。遏止月牙泉湖水位继续下降并逐步回升的关键是增加湖区上游地下水的补给量和减少党河灌区开采量，为此提出了农业节水和引哈济党二种治理方案，但就月牙泉湖水位恢复速度和时间及取得的社会、生态及经济效益而言，引哈济党方案优先。 相似文献
13.
The aim of the present work is to investigate the distribution of arsenic(As) in sewage ir-rigation area,to deduce the migration and transformation mechanism of As in soil and groundwater,and to infer the source of As in soil and groundwater.This study is carried out in a sewage irrigation area of the Pearl River Delta,China.Surface water samples,soil samples,and groundwater samples from sewage irrigation area were analyzed for As and other elements.As contents in water samples were analyzed by hydride gene... 相似文献
14.
Evaluation on Groundwater Resources of Medium Salinity in Tarim Basin and Development and Demonstration of Under-mulch-drip Irrigation Technology for Cotton 
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下载免费PDF全文 The groundwater of medium salinity refers to the groundwater with a mineralization degree of 2-7 g/L that can be directly or indirectly used for irrigation. This paper determined the distribution area of the groundwater with medium salinity in Tarim Basin, estimated the total amount of recharge resources and exploitable quantity of the groundwater of medium salinity. The irrigation water quality assessment was conducted on the groundwater of medium salinity by using multiple factors and methods. The salt tolerance parameters and irrigation water mineralization control parameters of the cotton in under-mulch-drip irrigation were determined. The under-mulch-drip irritation technology for cotton in groundwater of medium salinity was developed and applied successfully to the demonstration area. The social, economic and ecological effects of this technology as well as the application prospect were analysed. This paper also puts forward two questions that need to be further studied 相似文献
15.
浅层地下水补给对人类活动影响的响应特征研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
本文通过数据整理分析, 查明滹沱河流域平原区1976-2005年以开采量、灌区引水量和河道过水量为代表的人类活动逐渐增强, 分析了浅层地下水补给在大气降水减少和人类活动逐渐增强背景下大幅减少的响应特征: 综合补给量所占比率由1976-1980年的21.6%下降到2000-2005年的11.3%。随后, 从开采量、河道过水量和灌区引水量三个方面分析了浅层地下水补给响应人类活动的变化特征: 地下水补给量与开采量呈y=65.412x-0.2576模式随降水量增减而负相关变化; 河道渗漏补给量和渠水入渗量在地下水位不同埋深条件下表现出随来水量、引水量增加而增大的态势, 但在不同埋深条件下, 河道渗漏补给量与来水量之间、渠水入渗量和引水量之间关系不同。 相似文献
16.
为研究大安市地下水位的变化特征及其主要控制因素,根据大安市气候因素、引水灌溉水量、地下水开采和地下水埋深等数据资料,分析了环境因素的变化规律及趋势,基于suffer软件利用克里格方法对地下水埋深进行插值,分析其时空演变规律及驱动因素。结果表明,降水量呈波动增加的趋势,平均年降水量增量为0.249mm/a;蒸发量呈波动下降的趋势,平均年蒸发量增量为-2.063mm/a;引水灌溉水量呈增加趋势,平均年灌溉水量增量为0.212×108m/a。潜水埋深呈小幅度减小趋势,年均倾斜率为-0.023m/a,承压水埋深呈波动上升趋势,年均倾斜率为0.146m/a。承压水动态变化的驱动因子由大到小依次为人工开采(主要是农业开采与生活用水)、引水灌溉、降水、蒸发,农业开采是最主要的影响因子。研究结果可为制定完善的水资源调控方案提供理论依据。 相似文献
17.
我国深层地下水超采最严重的区域当属华北平原的河北省黑龙港地区,该区域的深层承压含水层面临枯竭的安全风险。然而,黑龙港地区作为我国优质冬小麦的重要产区和河北省冬小麦的主产区,肩负着河北省确保冬小麦这一重要口粮稳产的责任。因此,冬小麦生育期的灌溉策略必须在区域尺度上兼顾深层地下水的禁采和冬小麦产量的稳定,这也是当前黑龙港地... 相似文献
18.
Improper design, faulty planning, mismanagement and incorrect operation of irrigation schemes are the principle reasons for
the deterioration of groundwater quality in a large number of countries, in particular in semi-arid and arid regions. The
aim of this study is to determine the dimensions of groundwater quality after surface irrigation was begun in the semi-arid
Harran Plain. Physical and chemical parameters of the groundwater including pH, temperature, electrical conductivity (EC),
sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, chloride, bicarbonate, sulphate, nitrate, nitrite, ammonium, total phosphorus, total
organic carbon and turbidity were determined monthly during the 2006 water year. The quality of the groundwater in the study
area was assessed hydrochemically in order to determine its suitability for human consumption and agricultural purposes. In
the general plain, the EC values measured were considerably above the guide level of 650 μS/cm, while nitrate in particular
was found in almost all groundwater samples to be significantly above the maximum admissible concentration of 50 mg/l for
the quality of water intended for human consumption as per the international and national standards. Total hardness reveals
that a majority of the groundwater samples fall in the very hard water category. Interpretation of analytical data shows that
Ca–HCO3 and Ca–SO4 are the dominant hydrochemical facies in the study area. 相似文献
19.
吉林市地下水中"三氮"迁移转化规律 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
通过对吉林市1988~2004年地下水水化学资料进行分析,认为地下水中“三氮”的分布、随时间变化的特点与其来源有极为密切的关系,农灌区地下水中“三氮”含量在空间上分布比较均匀,丰水期含量升高、枯水期含量降低;工业污染导致地下水中“三氮”含量变化较大,年内丰枯水期变化表现不明显;多年基本表现为地下水中“三氮”不断增高。地下水中“三氮”的增加是土壤和地表水中污染源的增加与补给地下水的渗流共同作用的结果。污染源不同、地表水污染、水文地质条件、水土流失、地下水中Fe2 含量较大对“三氮”迁移转化及其空间分布都有一定的影响。 相似文献
20.
采用溴示踪法研究华北平原山前冲积平原和中部平原有灌溉和无灌溉区域的地下水补给,得到研究区平均地下水补给量为126.10 mm,平均补给系数为0.185 2,有灌溉实验点的补给量和补给系数大于无灌溉实验点。同时对示踪剂运移深度和含水量分布、降雨灌溉量和地下水埋深等影响因素进行分析。将各实验点计算结果与国内有关学者采用示踪剂法所得到的补给系数进行对比分析,论证了研究结果的可靠性,此研究成果可为华北平原地下水资源分析提供重要参考。 相似文献