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1.
以往对平面破坏模式的岩质边坡稳定性评价,主要关注潜在滑坡体在自重、坡体内静水压力和地震荷载耦合作用下沿破坏面的抗滑稳定性,并未涉及各类外荷载作用线不通过潜在滑体重心而引起的绕坡趾倾覆稳定性。针对这一问题,提出地震与张裂缝水压耦合作用下的岩质边坡倾覆稳定性解析方法,基于力矩平衡原理推导出岩质边坡抗倾覆稳定性系数的一般表达式;通过深入的变动参数比较研究,探讨张裂缝水压和地震荷载对抗倾覆安全系数的影响,认为水压是控制岩质边坡倾覆破坏的决定性因素,而地震荷载处于次要因素,其在一定程度上增加或减小抗倾覆稳定性。在此基础上建立不同参数组合下的岩质边坡抗倾覆稳定图,为工程技术人员快速评估饱水岩质边坡地震倾覆稳定性提供直接依据。 相似文献
2.
极端冰雪条件下的顺层岩质边坡滑移稳定性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
推导了典型岩石边坡在极端冰雪条件下的滑移稳定系数的表达式;通过计算分析,揭示了岩石边坡滑移稳定系数随裂隙内水深、坡高、坡角、滑面倾角等因素变化的规律及与冻深的关系,并绘制岩石边坡滑移稳定系数与边坡几何要素之间的关系图。研究表明,当考虑极端冰雪灾害影响时,岩石边坡滑移稳定系数发生较为明显的变化：随裂隙饱水程度、坡面角、主滑面倾角的增加而降低,随主滑面抗剪强度的减小而降低;裂隙饱水程度越高、坡体高度越低、坡面角越小、主滑面倾角越大的边坡的滑移稳定系数,对裂隙冰冻胀力的反应越敏感。 相似文献
3.
福泉滑坡具有顺倾上硬下软的结构特征,采用颗粒流离散元模拟采动滑坡的变形破坏全过程,研究福泉滑坡在露天开采条件下变形破坏的地质力学模式。基于颗粒流离散元程序,引入平行粘结模型,通过参数标定确定细观参数与宏观力学性质的关系,据此建立斜坡模型,模拟斜坡采动过程中的变形破坏全过程,确定该类采动滑坡形成的地质力学模式;研究滑坡滑动过程中的速度和能量变化以及堆积特征。研究表明:斜坡采动过程中,潜在滑面顺层滑移,后缘拉裂,裂纹从下往上向软弱面拓展,前缘坡脚处岩体形成锁固段,斜坡出现由前缘至后缘缘递减的蠕滑变形,随着斜坡进一步采动,锁固段发生剪切破坏,前缘坡体启动,中后部裂缝贯通—滑移,斜坡整体失稳破坏,形成牵引式采动滑坡,该类滑坡形成的地质力学模式可分为:滑移—拉裂—剪断3个阶段;对滑坡运动过程的模拟可知,采坑积水是小坝组受灾的关键转化因子。 相似文献
4.
As a typical inherently anisotropic rock, layered sandstones can differ from each other in several aspects, including grain size, type of material, type of cementation, and degree of compaction. An experimental study is essential to obtain and convictive evidence to characterize the mechanical behavior of such rock. In this paper, the mechanical behavior of a layered sandstone from Xuzhou, China, is investigated under uniaxial compression and Brazilian test conditions. The loading tests are conducted on 7 sets of bedding inclinations, which are defined as the angle between the bedding plane and horizontal direction. The uniaxial compression strength (UCS) and elastic modulus values show an undulatory variation when the bedding inclination increases. The overall trend of the UCS and elastic modulus values with bedding inclination is decreasing. The BTS value decreases with respect to the bedding inclination and the overall trend of it is approximating a linear variation. The 3D digital high-speed camera images reveal that the failure and fracture of a specimen are related to the surface deformation. Layered sandstone tested under uniaxial compression does not show a typical failure mode, although shear slip along the bedding plane occurs at high bedding inclinations. Strain gauge readings during the Brazilian tests indicate that the normal stress on the bedding plane transforms from compression to tension as the bedding inclination increases. The stress parallel to the bedding plane in a rock material transforms from tension to compression and agrees well with the fracture patterns; “central fractures” occur at bedding inclinations of 0°–75°, “layer activation” occurs at high bedding inclinations of 75°–90°, and a combination of the two occurs at 75°. 相似文献
5.
利用FLAC3D软件模拟地震作用下不同岩层倾角的顺倾向边坡,对比坡面峰值加速度放大系数、峰值位移、地震作用结束后坡体剪应变增量的变化规律,探讨岩层倾角对顺倾边坡地震效应的影响。研究表明:(1)在水平地震波作用下,坡面水平峰值加速度放大作用随岩层倾角增大而线性减小;(2)当岩层倾角小于软弱岩层内摩擦角时,坡面峰值位移较小且变化规律受岩层倾角影响不明显,当岩层倾角大于软弱岩层内摩擦角且小于30°时坡面峰值位移增大,大于60°时减小;(3)岩层倾角小于坡角时,残余剪应变增量最大值集中在坡面中下部软弱岩层处,反之,剪应变增量最大值出现在整个坡面并呈弧形区。 相似文献
6.
顺层岩质边坡的抗震性指标大部分都是非确定的,无法用固定阈值衡量。提出基于非确定性分析法的顺层边坡抗震性性能研究,将顺层岩质边坡看作若干个叠加的薄板;运用非确定性分析法计算各个薄板的动力安全系数和动力极限状态方程,并对顺层边坡动力极限状态方程进行求解,可得在地震作用力下顺层边坡动力可靠度指标与顺层边坡失效概率之间的关系;评估地震作用力下顺层边坡整体稳定性,同时综合考量顺岩边坡的最小平均安全系数以及平均失效概率,得出评估结果。实验结果显示,在地震作用力下,顺层边坡坡高、坡角、岩层倾角对顺岩边坡抗震性能影响显著,评估结果与实际结果一致。 相似文献
7.
边坡地震稳定性分析探讨 总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16
传统的拟静力法和安全系数时程分析法在评价边坡地震稳定性时存在一定的局限性。在提出准确的评价边坡地震稳定性必需因素的基础上,建议对边坡地震稳定性分析方法重新进行分类。根据动力分析得到的边坡在地震作用下的破坏机制和破裂面的性质和位置,提出基于拉-剪破坏的动力时程分析法和强度折减动力分析法。第一种方法将FLAC计算得到破坏时刻的动应力施加到静力情况下边坡上,采用动力分析得到的拉-剪破裂面,结合极限平衡法求解边坡地震安全系数,是一种改进的动力有限元时程分析法;第二种方法考虑了拉-剪破坏的FLAC强度折减动力分析法,是完全动力的方法。最后通过算例分析验证了新方法的可行性,为边坡地震安全系数计算提供了一种新的思路。 相似文献
8.
Concentration of damage of buildings near the edge of cliff-type topographies has been observed during a number of recent
earthquakes and interpreted by numerical dynamic analyses that illustrate the amplification of the horizontal acceleration
and the generation of parasitic vertical acceleration near the tip of slopes. The paper performs a detailed parametric numerical
analysis to investigate the ability of mitigating this topographic effect using anchors and piles. A typical field case, the
Aegion slope of Greece, is considered. Different input motions are applied. The results illustrated that anchors and piles
can be effective in mitigating the topographic effect. The main issue is that if the part of the slope in which topographic
amplification occurs is connected to that at larger depths, in which the acceleration is smaller, then the accelerations at
the top of the slope have to become more uniform and smaller. For typical diameter and material properties of anchors/piles
the effectiveness of the mitigation depends on the length, inclination, location and number of anchors/piles. An optimum configuration
of anchors/piles mitigating the topographic effect is proposed. 相似文献
9.
10.
基于极限分析上限法的原理,结合随时间变化的拟动力法,考虑地震、水力和坡顶超载作用下建立含张拉裂缝的顺层岩质边坡极限分析模型,并推导出边坡安全系数的表达式。结构面采用合理的水压力分布形式,且强度参数采用非等比例折减,分析边坡前缘是否堵塞,水平和竖向地震系数、张裂缝积水深度和坡顶超载对边坡安全系数的影响。分析表明:边坡前缘堵塞、水平地震系数、张裂缝积水深度和坡顶超载的增加,降低边坡的稳定性;竖向地震系数的增加提高了边坡的稳定性。随着非等比例折减相关系数的增加,边坡稳定性显著提高。因此结构面参数的变化规律需要得到关注。 相似文献
11.
强震作用下层状岩质斜坡破坏的大型振动台试验研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
以“5.12”汶川地震背景为基础,对不同岩性组合水平层状岩质边坡进行了大型振动台模型试验研究.文中介绍了振动台试验过程,通过对试验现象的观察处理分析,考察了边坡的破坏现象特征、变形破坏模式.实验结果表明,地震力作用下边坡的变形破坏程度、特征以及稳定性不仅与地震波的类型、加载方向、频率、振幅有关,同时还受边坡的岩体性质、... 相似文献
12.
通过对西源岭320、350、380、410m4个台阶边坡的优势结构面进行赤平投影分析,得到410平台有5种组合情况、380平台有1种组合情况、350平台有3种组合情况、320平台有1种组合情况可能发生楔形体破坏,以及410平台1处、350平台1处、320平台1处可能发生单平面破坏。然后,运用刚体极限平衡方法对各种实际的潜在破坏面进行天然及暴雨2种工况下的稳定性分析,得到了380平台F380-01与F380-02所控制的楔形体破坏在天然状态和暴雨状态下小于安全系数、350平台F350-03与F350-04控制的楔形体破坏以及320平台F320-11所控制的单平面破坏在天然工况下大于安全性系数、暴雨工况下小于安全性系数的结论。对比分析可知,赤平投影法可以很快速地搜索到可能滑动的结构面组合方式,但是要判断实际结构面组合是否滑动还需要进行定量分析。 相似文献
13.
地震作用下节理岩质边坡稳定性影响因素研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
汶川地震灾害调查表明,在基岩山区地震滑塌主要发育在局部强度相对较大、节理较发育的厚层或块状岩体中.以岩石中含两组节理的岩质边坡为例,输入实际的地震记录,采用离散单元法进行数值模拟,分别探讨坡高、地震烈度、坡角及节理倾角组合对节理岩质边坡稳定性的影响.结果表明:地震作用下坡体中质点的加速度、速度具有高程放大效应;节理岩质边坡稳定性随着坡高、坡角和地震烈度的增加而降低;两组节理不同组合的岩质边坡,其稳定性变化较为复杂,受节理倾角与坡角的关系、节理的倾向、两组节理之间夹角等因素的影响.节理岩质边坡在地震作用下是受拉区逐渐向受剪区扩展而最终导致边坡失稳破坏,是受拉和受剪的复合破坏.上述初步结论为评价山区节理较发育的岩质边坡在地震作用下的稳定性提供一定的依据. 相似文献
14.
Earthquake-induced slope stability is evaluated by the force-equilibrium method in engineering practice. This method provides a safety factor against initiating failure or displacement according to the Newmark model along a fixed slip surface but it cannot evaluate failure deformations after failure occurs. An energy approach is proposed as an alternative means for evaluating slope failures and subsequent flow deformations. The driving energy for slope displacement is considered to be the earthquake energy and the gravitational potential energy. As a first step in the research, an energy balance is formulated for the model of a rigid block resting on an inclined plane. Then, an innovative model test is developed, in which the energy balance in a sliding slope is measured on a shake table. The earthquake energy used for the slope failure can be successfully quantified in the test and its contribution to displacement is discussed in the light of the energy balance established for the block model. 相似文献
15.
近年来,强度折减法在岩土工程静、动力稳定性分析领域快速发展。基于该方法,相关学者研究了边坡和隧道的动力稳定安全系数。隧道洞口段是围岩、边坡和衬砌结构相互作用的三维复杂结构体,当前对其地震稳定性研究多集中于定性描述,尚不能给出量化的指标。依托振动台试验,建立相应的洞口段三维数值模型,采用强度折减法,引入结合突变理论的塑性区应变能和其他判据,获得洞口段的动力稳定安全系数。结果表明:结合突变理论的塑性区应变能和其他判据得到的安全系数的最大相对误差较小,在洞口段的地震稳定性分析中采用该判据具有简便、量化等优势;计算出的洞口段的动力安全系数与动力加载降低结构稳定性的一般规律相一致;安全系数为1.52说明洞口段有较高的地震稳定性,与振动台试验的实验现象符合。 相似文献
16.
In this paper, we develop a mechanical model that relates the destabilization of thawing permafrost rock slopes to temperature‐related effects on both, rock‐ and ice‐mechanics; and laboratory testing of key assumptions is performed. Degrading permafrost is considered to be an important factor for rock–slope failures in alpine and arctic environments, but the mechanics are poorly understood. The destabilization is commonly attributed to changes in ice‐mechanical properties while bedrock friction and fracture propagation have not been considered yet. However, fracture toughness, compressive and tensile strength decrease by up to 50% and more when intact water‐saturated rock thaws. Based on literature and experiments, we develop a modified Mohr–Coulomb failure criterion for ice‐filled rock fractures that incorporates fracturing of rock bridges, friction of rough fracture surfaces, ductile creep of ice and detachment mechanisms along rock–ice interfaces. Novel laboratory setups were developed to assess the temperature dependency of the friction of ice‐free rock–rock interfaces and the shear detachment of rock–ice interfaces. In degrading permafrost, rock‐mechanical properties may control early stages of destabilization and become more important for higher normal stress, i.e. higher magnitudes of rock–slope failure. Ice‐mechanical properties outbalance the importance of rock‐mechanical components after the deformation accelerates and are more relevant for smaller magnitudes. The model explains why all magnitudes of rock–slope failures can be prepared and triggered by permafrost degradation and is capable of conditioning long para‐glacial response times. Here, we present a synoptic rock‐ and ice‐mechanical model that explains the mechanical destabilization processes operating in warming permafrost rocks. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
17.
边坡破坏是累积性过程，从变形到破坏的过程中会产生永久位移，如果永久位移过大，极有可能产生滑坡。因此根据不同工况下采集到的位移数据，分析地震作用下反倾层状岩质边坡在不同内摩擦角下的破坏特征。利用二维数值流形法（NMM），以青藏高原金沙江流域西藏昌都地区芒康县索多西乡贡扎倾倒滑坡为研究对象，依据实地考察数据及室内力学试验得到的物理力学参数，建立数值计算模型，模拟地震作用下反倾层状岩质边坡倾倒破坏过程，并在边坡上布置3组监测点获取位移数据。模拟结果表明:随着内摩擦角的增大，边坡坡体从开始破坏到新的平衡状态和达到最大位移所需的时间越短，同时，滑动块体最大水平位移逐渐减小；内摩擦角＜40°时，坡体在前15 s呈整体移动趋势，大部分岩块产生整体滑移，靠近坡顶处的岩块发生轻微转动，推动前面的岩块加速滑动，呈倾倒-滑移模式；内摩擦角＞40°时，靠近坡顶的岩块首先产生滑动，并转动驱使前面的岩块，推动坡脚处岩块产生滑动，最终上部岩块达到新的平衡，呈渐进式倾倒破坏，产生整体性破坏的可能性较小。 相似文献
18.
This paper examines in terms of seismic performance, the effectiveness of anchor reinforcement against gravity retaining walls used to stabilize a dry homogenous fill slope in earthquake-prone environment. Both analyzed stabilizing measures have the same design yield acceleration estimated from a limit equilibrium approach. The earthquake-induced displacements are calculated using a sliding block formulation of the equation of motion. Sliding failure along the base of the gravity retaining wall and rotational failure of the soil active wedge behind the wall, as well as rotational failure of the slide mass of the anchor-reinforced slope were considered in the present formulation. For the specific characteristics of the analyzed fill slope and input horizontal ground motion, the slope reinforced with anchors appears to experience vertical and horizontal seismic displacements at slope crest smaller by 12% and respectively, 32% than the vertical and horizontal earthquake-induced deformations estimated at the top of the active wedge behind the gravity retaining wall. 相似文献
19.
地震作用过程中地震加速度通常呈先增大后减小的特征。利用拟静力法对危岩的稳定性进行分析时,考虑地震过程中地震加速度的变化,对山西太原天龙山危岩体加固工程中的同一危岩体分别以滑塌式和倾倒式破坏模式进行计算,发现地震作用过程中危岩体可能在两种破坏失稳模式之间相互转化。将此问题扩展至一般情况进行计算并讨论,得出如下结论:地震力对危岩体破坏作用的贡献大小不同,通常情况下,地震作用力对危岩的倾覆力矩贡献相对较大;进行稳定性评价时应考虑地震作用过程,以安全系数最先达到1.0的破坏模式作为危岩体的可能破坏模式进行计算;对危岩体进行抗震加固设计时应对加固设计进行多种工况下的校核,保证其在地震作用过程中不同危险状态的稳定性。 相似文献
20.
In hill areas, landslides are frequent and hazardous. In developing hill areas, many multistoreyed r.c.c. farmed buildings are constructed on hill slope. The building loads are transferred to the hill slope terrain at the foundation level, which may cause hill slope failure. Therefore the stability of hill slope with building loads needs to be checked. In this paper, a procedure has been developed to find the factor of safety against sliding failure of slope considering building loads transferred to the slope. Earthquake forces can also be considered in the analysis. Different types of soils in the slope can be considered. A computer program has been developed based on the formulation presented in the paper and is validated by solving few examples. Stability of slope with differently configured buildings have been studied. Provisions to be made for stepped foundations on hill slopes has been highlighted here. 相似文献