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1.
QIANG Xiaoke AN Zhisheng LI Huamei CHANG Hong & SONG Yougui . SKLLQG Institute of Earth Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Xi’an China . Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2005,48(8):1234-1245
Rock magnetism research on eolian deposits from the Chinese Loess Plateau shows that magnetite, maghe- mite and hematite are the main magnetic minerals in loess-paleosol sequences and red clay se-quences[1―8], and finds that the magnetic susceptibility increase is positively correlated to the content of ultra-fine minerals and relatively strong pedogene- sis[7―15]. This offers significant information in studying the Late Cenozoic paleoclimatic history of Chinese Loess Plateau[1,5―8,10―22… 相似文献
2.
风成黄土是陆地上分布最广泛的沉积物之一,记载了各种古气候演化信息.目前巴基斯坦的黄土研究甚少,磁化率与气候对应的变化机制研究尚未开展.本文对位于巴基斯坦印度河平原Bahawalpur地区新发现的黄土-古土壤剖面进行系统的岩石磁学研究,结合粒度和漫反射光谱(DRS)数据,讨论巴基斯坦黄土的磁化率变化机制.实验结果显示:Bahawalpur(BH)剖面黄土层主要的载磁矿物为磁铁矿,同时含有少量磁赤铁矿和针铁矿,磁性颗粒以原生的MD和PSD颗粒为主.相对于黄土层,古土壤层则是以针铁矿为主,含有顺磁性矿物和少量磁铁矿.BH剖面磁化率与成土作用关系和中国黄土高原典型剖面相反,磁化率的变化可能存在一个阈值12.8×10-8 m3·kg-1,在阈值之上,强磁性矿物(磁铁矿、磁赤铁矿)占主导;阈值之下,以弱磁性矿物(主要是针铁矿)为主,这种磁性矿物的转变可能导致磁化率降低.本文可为今后利用磁化率解读该地区地层蕴含的古气候信息提供新线索. 相似文献
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Detailed rock magnetic investigations and X-ray diffraction (XRD)were carried out on loess-paleosol sequences of the last interglacial-glacial at Znojmo section in Czech Republic. The results indicate that pedogenesis causes susceptibility enhancement in the paleosols, which is similar to that observed in the Chinese Loess Plateau. k-T curves, IRM, and XRD show that magnetite is the dominant magnetic mineral in the loess-paleosol sequences at the Znojmo section, while maghemite, hematite, and pyrite/pyrrhotite are minor minerals. Measurements of anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) indicate that the magnetic lineation is smaller than the foliation. The susceptibility ellipsoids are oblate and the directions of the maximum principal axes (Kmax) are distributed randomly, and cannot be used to determine the paleo-wind direction. 相似文献
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Characteristics and genesis of maghemite in Chinese loess and paleosols: Mechanism for magnetic susceptibility enhancement in paleosols 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Tianhu Chen Huifang Xu Qiaoqin Xie Jun Chen Junfeng Ji Huayu Lu 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2005,240(3-4):790-802
Morphological characteristics and microstructures of magnetic minerals extracted from Chinese loess and paleosols were investigated using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Our results indicate that maghemite in loess–paleosol sequences was transformed from magnetite through oxidation of magnetite. Maghemite transformed from eolian magnetite during chemical weathering has low-angle grain boundaries among maghemite nano-crystals. Some nano-crystalline maghemites with nanoporous texture resulted from microbe-induced precipitation of magnetite or transformation of poorly crystalline ferric Fe (oxy)hydroxides in presence of Fe-reducing bacteria. Aggregates of euhedral maghemite nano-crystals were transformed from magnetite magnetosomes. Both microbe-induced nanoporous magnetite and microbe-produced magnetite magnetosomes are directly related to microbial activities and pedogenesis of the paleosols. It is proposed that the formation of nano-crystalline maghemite with superparamagnetic property in paleosol results in the enhancement of magnetic susceptibility, although the total amount (weight percent) of magnetic minerals in both paleosol and loess units is similar. Our results also show that nano-crystalline and nanoporous magnetite grains prefer to transform into maghemite in semi-arid soil environments instead of hematite, although hematite is a thermodynamically stable phase. This result also indicates that a decrease in crystal size will increase stability of maghemite. It is also inferred that surface energy of maghemite is lower than that of hematite. 相似文献
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Xiuming Liu Zhisheng An Tim Rolph Xiaoke Qiang Paul Hesse Huayu Lu Jie Zhou Yanjun Cai 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2001,44(7):635-651
The study on magnetic properties of the red clay indicates that the red clay and loesspaleosol sequence have a common magnetic
mineralogy, with magnetite, maghemite, hematite (and possibly goethite) contributing to the magnetic behavior. The red clay
magnetic susceptibility is also found to have a positive relation with extrafine superparamagnetic grains. This suggests that,
like the Quaternary loess-paleosols, an ultrafine ferrimagnetic component produced during pedogenesis in the red clay under
humid conditions also plays an important role in susceptibility enhancement in the soil units. This is supported by the correlation
between Rb/Sr ratio and magnetic susceptibility. This signifies that, like the above loess-paleosol sequence, the magnetic
susceptibility of the red clay can be used as a general proxy paleoclimatic indicator, although whether its susceptibility
in the red clay is comparable to pedogenesis intensity and requires further investigation. Magnetic susceptibility variation
in the red clay thus also provides an eolian/pedogenic record of paleoclimatic evolution. Study of the background susceptibility
indicates that, on average, the absolute scale of the paleoclimatic shift from red clay development to Quaternary loess deposition
is similar to the climatic shift from stage 5 (S1) to stage 2–4 (L1). This may suggest that during the Quaternary there is
an evident strengthening of the absolute wind intensity to bring more (about double) coarser and less weathered (non-SP fraction)
eolian magnetic input from the source regions to the Loess Plateau than during the Pliocene. The presence of eolian red clay
since 7.5 Ma BP in central-northern China implies an important environmental change from the underlying Cretaceous red sandstone.
The red clay development was closely related to global drying and climate cooling since the Cretaceous and closely associated
with the abrupt uplift of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau at about that time. This uplift of the plateau intensified the East Asia
monsoon system and started red clay deposition. 相似文献
9.
Liu Xiuming AN Zhisheng Tim Rolph QIANG Xiaoke Paul Hesse Lu Huayu ZHOU Jie CAI Yanjun 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2001,44(7)
The study on magnetic properties of the red clay indicates that the red clay and loess- paleosol sequence have a common magnetic mineralogy, with magnetite, maghemite, hematite (and possibly goethite) contributing to the magnetic behavior. The red clay magnetic susceptibility is also found to have a positive relation with extrafine superparamagnetic grains. This suggests that, like the Quaternary loess-paleosols, an ultrafine ferrimagnetic component produced during pe-dogenesis in the red clay under humid conditions also plays an important role in susceptibility enhancement in the soil units. This is supported by the correlation between Rb/Sr ratio and magnetic susceptibility. This signifies that, like the above loess-paleosol sequence, the magnetic susceptibility of the red clay can be used as a general proxy paleoclimatic indicator, although whether its susceptibility in the red clay is comparable to pedogenesis intensity and requires further investigation. Magnetic susceptibility variation in the red clay thus also provides an eo-lian/pedogenic record of paleoclimatic evolution. Study of the background susceptibility indicates that, on average, the absolute scale of the paleoclimatic shift from red clay development to Quaternary loess deposition is similar to the climatic shift from stage 5 (S1) to stage 2-4 (L1). This may suggest that during the Quaternary there is an evident strengthening of the absolute wind intensity to bring more (about double) coarser and less weathered (non-SP fraction) eolian magnetic input from the source regions to the Loess Plateau than during the Pliocene. The presence of eolian red clay since 7.5 Ma BP in central-northern China implies an important envi-ronmental change from the underlying Cretaceous red sandstone. The red clay development was closely related to global drying and climate cooling since the Cretaceous and closely associated with the abrupt uplift of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau at about that time. This uplift of the plateau intensified the East Asia monsoon system and started red clay deposition. 相似文献
10.
Mangshan loess on China’ s Central Plain and its response to tectonic movement and climate* 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The Mangshan loess on China’s Central Plain, located on the transitional zone between the uplifting Loess Plateau and the
subsiding North China Plain, is a proximal sandy loess transported from the fanhead of alluvial fan in the lower reaches of
the Yellow River and has recorded the coupling effect of the tectonics and climate over the last 200 ka. An abrupt environmental
change indicated by the abrupt rise of deposit rate in the late penultimate glaciation, about 150 ka BP, took place; that
is, the Yellow River downcut and moved eastwards through the Sanmenxia Gorge and transported abundant materials from the Loess
Plateau to form paleosol S1 with a thickness of 15.7 m and loess L1 with a thickness of 77.3 m. The loess-paleosol sequence
at Mangshan has not only recorded detailed climate responses of this area to the East Asian monsoon, but also reflects the
tectonogenetic environmental effect caused by the trunk stream of the Yellow River cutting through Sanmenxia Gorge into sea.
Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No..49572132). 相似文献
11.
NAOTO Ishikawa 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2010,(3)
Over the past two decades, magnetoclimatological studies of loess-paleosol sequences in the Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP) have made outstanding achievements, which greatly promote the understanding of East Asian paleomonsoon evolution, inland aridification of Asia, and past global climate changes. Loess magnetic properties of the CLP have been well studied. In contrast, loess magnetic properties from outside the CLP in China have not been fully understood. We have little knowledge about the magnetic properties of loess in the Ili Basin, an intermontane depression of the Tianshan (or Tien Shan) Mountains. Here, we present the results of rock magnetic measurements of the Ili loess including mass magnetic susceptibility (χ) and anhysteretic remanent magnetization (ARM), high/low temperature dependence of susceptibility (TDS) and hysteresis, as well as X-ray diffraction (XRD) for mineral analysis. Based on the comparison with loess-paleosol sequences in the CLP (hereafter referred to as the Chinese loess), we discuss the possible magnetic susceptibility enhancement mechanism of the Ili loess. The results show that 1) the total magnetic mineral concentration of the Ili loess is far lower than that of the Chinese loess, though they have similar magnetic mineral compositions. The ferrimagnetic minerals in the Ili loess are magnetite and maghemite, and the antiferromagnetic mineral is hematite; XRD analysis also identifies the presence of ilmenite. The ratio of maghemite is lower in the Ili loess than in the Chinese loess, but the ratios of magnetite and hematite are higher in the Ili loess than in the Chinese loess. 2) The granularity of magnetic minerals in the Ili loess, dominated by pseudo-single domain (PSD) and multi-domain (MD) grains, is generally much coarser than that of the Chinese loess. Ultrafine pedogenically-produced magnetic grains have a very limited contribution to the susceptibility enhancement. Rather, PSD and MD particles of magnetite and maghemite are the main contributors to the enhancement of susceptibility in the Ili loess. 3) The susceptibility enhancement mechanism for the Ili loess is complicated and superimposes both a wind velocity/vigor model (Alaskan or Siberian model) and the in situ ultrafine grain pedogenic model; the former might play an important role in the Ili loess. 4) Magnetic susceptibility enhancements of the Ili loess are related not only to the eolian input of the source area, but also to the local climate, landform, and geological background. Therefore, great care should be taken when reconstructing paleoclimate using magnetic susceptibility data from the Ili loess. 相似文献
12.
The provenance of loess in Chinese Loess Plateau, including origin, transport pathways and source areas, has long been one of the most important questions. In this study, the vertical variations of the luminescence sensitivity of quartz grains from the central Chinese Loess Plateau were investigated by using optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) techniques. Our results indicate that the luminescence sensitivity of quartz grains of paleosols can be much higher than that of loess beds. In addition, the quartz grains from the loess-paleosol sequence exhibit a temporal trend in the strength of luminescence sensitivity, characterized by higher values in soils and lower values in loess beds. The OSL sensitivity of quartz grains of the loess-paleosol sequence also shows very similar trend to the magnetic susceptibility and particle size fluctuations, implying that the luminescence sensitivity might be climatic dependent. The possible factors affecting the variations of luminescence sensitivity were discussed including particle size, natural radioactivity, and the provenance of eolian deposits. We suggest that the temporal variations of luminescence sensitivity can be attributed to the retreat-advance of deserts, the different contributions of glacial origin quartz particles associated with mountain processes, and wind patterns during glacial/interglacial cycles. Therefore, the secular variations of luminescence sensitivity of quartz grains are ultimately influenced by past climatic change through its controlling on sediment provenance changes. 相似文献
13.
S. Spassov F. Heller R. Kretzschmar M. E. Evans L. P. Yue D. K. Nourgaliev 《Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors》2003,140(4):255-275
A detailed rock magnetic investigation of loess/palaeosol samples from the section at Lingtai on the central Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP) is presented. Thermal demagnetisation of isothermal remanent magnetisation (IRM) and Curie temperature measurements suggest the presence of magnetite, maghemite and hematite as remanence carrying components. Bulk and grain size fractionated samples have been analysed using coercivity spectra of remanence acquisition/demagnetisation curves, which identify four main remanence carriers in different grain size fractions of loesses and palaeosols. A linear source mixing model quantifies the contribution of the four components which have been experimentally derived as dominating endmembers in specific grain size fractions. Up to two thirds of the total IRM of the palaeosols are due to slightly oxidised pedogenic magnetite. Two detrital components dominate up to 90% of the IRM of the loess samples and are ascribed to maghemite of different oxidation degree. Detrital hematite is present in all samples and contributes up to 10% of the IRM. The iron content of the grain size fractions gives evidence that iron in pedogenically grown remanence carriers does not originate from the detrital iron oxides, but rather from iron-bearing clays and mafic silicates. The contribution of pedogenic magnetite to the bulk IRM increases with the increasing degree of pedogenesis, which depends in turn on climate change. 相似文献
14.
《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2017,(3)
Aeolian loess deposits contain abundant information about the evolution of the paleoenvironment.For example,paleoclimate changes recorded in Chinese loess area obtained significant achievement in the past few decades.Compared to Chinese loess,research on Indian loess is lacking.Currently,most studies focus on the Kashmir area located in the southern Himalayas,and studies on other areas are rare.However,field observations demonstrate that the sediments around the New Delhi-Agra-Jaipur Plain are similar to Chinese loess-paleosol sequences.For example,the boundary between two strata is transitional and without horizontal bedding.Moreover,obvious pedogenic horizons developed among sediment sequences,probably indicating unrecognised aeolian deposits in the Indo-Gangetic Plain(IGP).To confirm this,pilot samples were obtained from the IGP and detailed indoor measurements conducted.The results indicate that the distribution patterns of particle size and rare earth elements(REE) of the pilot samples are similar to Chinese loess.Furthermore,the scanning electronic microscopy(SEM) images of pilot samples show obvious conchoidal fractures,dash-shaped concavities,and abundant small pits that usually form through mechanical impact.These are typical characteristics of aeolian particles.In addition,environmental and rock magnetic measurements indicate that the dominant magnetic minerals in the pilot samples are magnetite and maghemite,and that they likely contain small amounts of hematite.Furthermore,conventional magnetic parameters are comparable with Chinese loess.Based on this,aeolian loess deposits are widely distributed in the IGP,which may have promoted the development of Indian farming and contributed towards the prosperity of ancient Indian civilisation.This study also provides a new and valuable record for the research on paleoclimate changes in the study area in the future. 相似文献
15.
对黄土高原中部洛川厚140m黄土剖面进行了黄土层间隔5cm、古土壤层间隔3cm的采样,在室内测量了全部样品的磁化率．以磁化率变化作为东亚夏季风气候变化的替代性指标,利用轨道调谐方法建立了黄土－古土壤序列的时间标尺．结果表明,B／M界线处的年龄是772KaB．P,午城黄土与离石黄土分界线的年龄为1348KaB．P,黄土堆积底界的年龄为2471KaB．P．．通过和古地磁场倒转点绝对年龄对比以及与太阳辐射量变化时间序列进行交叉谱分析,证明了新时间标尺的可信性． 相似文献
16.
《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2006,241(1-2):248-259
A high-resolution mineral magnetic investigation has been carried out on the Jingbian loess/paleosol sequence at the northern extremity of the Chinese Loess Plateau. Results show that the magnetic assemblage is dominated by large pseudo-single domain and multidomain-like magnetite with associated maghemite and hematite. Variations in the ratios of SIRM100mT/SIRM, SIRM100mT/SIRM30mT and SIRM100mT/SIRM60mT (SIRM is the saturation isothermal remanent magnetization; SIRMnmT represents the residual SIRM after an n mT alternating field demagnetization) have been used to document regional paleoclimate change in the Asian interior by correlating the mineral magnetic record with the composite δ18O record in deep-sea sediments. The long-term up-section decreasing trend in those ratios in both loess and paleosol units has been attributed to a long-term decrease in the relative contributions of eolian hematite during glacial extrema and of pedogenic hematite during interglacial extrema, respectively, which reveals a long-term decreasing trend in chemical weathering intensity in both glacial-stage source region (the Gobi and deserts in northwestern China) and interglacial-stage depositional area (the Loess Plateau region). We further relate this long-timescale variation to long-term increasing aridification and cooling, during both glacial extrema in the dust source region and interglacial extrema in the depositional area, over the Quaternary period. Changes in those ratios are most likely due to Quaternary aridification and cooling driven by ongoing global cooling, expansion of the Arctic ice-sheet, and progressive uplift of the Himalayan–Tibetan complex during this period. 相似文献
17.
晚新近纪以来中国北方堆积的风成红粘土-黄土序列是古气候信息的良好载体, 在黄土高原北部的吴起地区存在一套湖相沉积物, 层位上介于第四纪黄土与晚新近纪红粘土之间, 但该古湖存在的具体时限尚不清楚. 我们利用岩石磁学及古地磁年代学方法并结合多种气候指标对代表“吴起古湖”的土佛寺剖面进行了初步研究, 结果表明湖相沉积物中特征剩磁的载体主要为磁铁矿和赤铁矿, 在此基础上得到的磁极性序列能很好地与国际地磁极性年表对比, 剖面起始于4.28 Ma B. P.左右, 湖相沉积层起始于3.0 Ma B. P.左右, 结束于1.2 Ma B. P.左右. 岩性、磁化率、粒度和沉积速率变化均反映出这一时期该地区环境变化的总体趋势是由暖湿向冷干发展, 期间“吴起古湖”的演化大致经历了三个阶段: 3.0~2.5 Ma B. P.为古湖形成时期, 水体相对较深; 2.50～2.05 Ma B. P.期间受古气候变化的影响湖水明显变浅; 2.05~1.20 Ma B. P.时古湖中仍有一定量的水体存在, 但随后逐步缩小并最终消亡. 该地区气候条件在1.2 Ma B. P.左右的恶化是导致吴起古湖消亡的主要因素, 区域构造活动引起的北洛河溯源侵蚀并切穿湖盆可能也是原因之一. 相似文献
18.
Feng Xian ZhiSheng An ZhenKun Wu J. Warren Beck HuaGui Yu ZhiHai Kang Peng Cheng 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2008,51(6):855-861
A simple model for reconstructing the paleomagnetic field intensity with 10Be production rate was used for the first time in Loess 10Be studies of Luochuan profile. Using the LGM (Last Glacial Maxmium) method, the climatic effects and geomagnetic modulation
effects on loess 10Be was separated and in turn the 80 ka geomagnetic excursion sequence reconstructed, of which the globally remarkable geomagnetic
excursion events such as the Laschamp (42 ka), Mono Lake (32 ka) during the Last Glacial period were revealed and the paleo-geomagnetic
intensity curve from Loess 10Be over the past 80 ka was quantitatively reconstructed. The reconstructed paleo-intensity fits well with the paleo-intensity
curves (SINT200 and NAPIS75), which indicates the significance of global criterion of the 10Be paleo-intensity curve and the future direction of loess 10Be tracing studies. Results show the irregular variability of the East Asian monsoon precipitation in Loess Plateau is the
main cause that has resulted in the ambiguity of the geomagnetic modulation of the 10Be record in the loess, and the intrinsic source component of the loess 10Be and inherited fraction of magnetic susceptibility (SUS) are characterized by the “quasi-homogeneous distribution” manner.
Supported by the Key Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. KZCX2-YW-118), the National Natural
Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos: 40531003, 40121303, 40523002) and State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology
in the Institute of Earth Environment of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. SKLLQG0712) 相似文献
19.
A sedimentological proxy indicator linking changes in loess and deserts in the Quaternary 总被引：9，自引：2，他引：7
From Yulin, which is located in the transitional zone between the Loess Plateau and the Mu Us desert, to Weinan in the southernmost
part of the Loess Plateau, 9 loess sections were studied. Grain size analyses show that the advance-retreat changes of the
deserts in northern China may be the most important factor controlling changes in the sand particle percentage of the loess-soil
sequences during the last glacial-interglacial period. It is thus suggegted to use the sand grain content of loess deposits
as a proxy indicator of desert variations. Applying this indicator to the last glacial loess deposits in the northwestern
part of the Loess Plateau reveals that there were many millennial-scale cycles of the desert environments.
Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 49525230) 相似文献
20.
本文对发育在澳大利亚悉尼附近的Long Reef Beach中新世古土壤剖面进行了系统的岩石磁学研究,测量了磁化率、饱和磁化强度、饱和等温剩磁、非磁滞剩磁等常温磁学参数和磁滞回线,并对所有样品进行了热磁分析.实验结果表明:全新世软土层主要磁性矿物为MD颗粒磁铁矿,磁性矿物含量与黄土高原黄土层相当.中新世老成土层随地层深度增加主要磁性矿物由磁铁矿转变为磁赤铁矿,随着磁铁矿向磁赤铁矿的转化,开始出现赤铁矿;磁性矿物粒径分布较广,以PSD颗粒为主,其次为SD颗粒,同时含有少量MD颗粒;磁性矿物含量高于黄土高原强发育古土壤层.中新世红土矿层主要磁性矿物为赤铁矿,同时含有少量磁赤铁矿和针铁矿,属于铁的富集层,赤铁矿以SD颗粒为主,含少量PSD和MD颗粒.Long Reef Beach中新世古土壤形成时期,对应着一种全球性高温多雨气候,地表化学风化作用十分强烈.丰富的降水,导致中新世老成土层发生淋溶作用,磁铁矿在向下淋溶迁移过程中逐渐氧化为磁赤铁矿和赤铁矿,铁氧化物最终在红土矿层淀积,磁赤铁矿经高温压实作用再结晶转化为赤铁矿.磁性矿物转化过程可概括为磁铁矿—磁赤铁矿化的磁铁矿—磁赤铁矿—赤铁矿,其中部分磁赤铁矿具有热稳定性,在空气(氩气)环境中加热到700℃未发生转化. 相似文献