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在搜集和梳理全球一个多世纪以来灾难性工程滑坡实例的基础上,将人类工程活动诱发的滑坡分为4种基本类型和若干亚类：①采矿工程滑坡（包括地下采空型、露天采场型、尾矿坝及排土场型）;②水利水电工程滑坡（包括库区岸坡型、水库大坝型、灌溉工程型）;③线性基础设施工程滑坡（包括公路及铁路工程型、油气管道工程型）;（鸯城市建设复合型工程滑坡。重点剖析了国内外著名的工程滑坡灾害案例,并兼顾一般工程滑坡的共性特征进行分析,综述了各类典型工程滑坡灾害的发育特征、形成机制及部分处置措施。通过不同类型工程滑坡特征的比较分析,总结了工程滑坡成灾的教训和成功处置的经验,为未来工程项目区和城市化过程中工程滑坡的综合防治及风险减缓提供了参考。 相似文献
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为对川藏交通廊道内道路工程的选定线及安全建设和运营提供科学决策及防灾减灾依据,在对拟建川藏铁路和高速公路沿线滑坡崩塌灾害进行系统野外调查和遥感解译的基础上,查明了川藏交通廊道康定至林芝段滑坡崩塌的空间分布特征和潜在危害情况,结合已有川藏公路沿线崩滑灾害的危害特征和危害方式,对该段廊道内滑坡崩塌灾害的可能危害方式进行了深入细致地归纳、分析和总结。研究结果表明:川藏交通廊道康定至林芝段共发育滑坡崩塌灾害488处,其中滑坡262处,崩塌（含溜砂坡）226处;对拟建道路工程存在潜在危害或影响的崩滑灾害共有148处,滑坡有89处,崩塌（含溜砂坡）59处。崩塌滑坡灾害对道路工程的危害方式主要有:（1）滑坡崩塌威胁隧道及其进出口安全;（2）滑坡崩塌推移、掩埋、损毁道路工程;（3）滑坡崩塌威胁站场、车站安全;（4）滑坡崩塌堵江断道、淹没道路工程;（5）滑坡崩塌转化为泥石流、洪水等灾害链危害道路工程;（6）崩塌、溜砂坡冲击、扰动、掩埋道路工程。 相似文献
3.
姚环 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》1996,7(4):81-84
本文论述了马蹄湾滑坡地质灾害的孕育，发展（滑动）起动的地质和地貌条件，分析研究了灾害的特征和形成机理。指出，岩层的松动变形和在重力场作用下的蠕动变形不仅界限了滑坡的形态和规模，而且还决定了该滑坡灾害的特征和成因类型，指出该滑坡发生碎裂岩斜坡，属性质特殊的复合型地质灾害，最后提出了整治与防范该滑坡灾害的工程措施建议。 相似文献
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滑坡分类研究一直是滑坡研究的基础和重点。通过对山西煤矿区滑坡灾害的工程实践和大量的调查统计分析,根据滑坡地层结构、岩性特征、诱发机制及运动特征等因素将山西煤矿区滑坡归结为5种类型:顺基岩面推移-滑动型黄土滑坡;蠕滑-挤出型黄土滑坡;水浸溜滑型黄土滑坡;煤层自燃倾覆-拉裂滑移型岩质滑坡;受节理控制的蠕滑-张裂型岩质滑坡。研究结果发现:黄土滑坡滑带土一般为松散土层,岩质滑坡的滑面为软弱结构面（多为泥岩薄层）或煤线;除溜滑型黄土滑坡滑动速度较快外,其他为低速滑坡,其典型特点是历时长,滑距短,致灾范围小,但滑坡推力大,破坏力强,往往造成更大损失。该研究进一步细化了滑坡分类的内容,其成果可对山西矿区及类似滑坡地质灾害的防治提供指导。 相似文献
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岩溶山区特殊的地质结构导致崩塌、滑坡等地质灾害时常发生,带来了严重的人员伤亡和经济社会损失。研究岩溶山区崩滑灾害特征,建立相应的变形破坏地质模式,对于岩溶山区崩滑灾害风险防控与治理工程具有重要理论意义与指导价值。文章以典型地质灾害形成演化过程为例,在系统地分析研究区典型崩滑灾害地质背景、影响因素、动力学与运动学特征的基础上,提出了岩溶山区崩滑灾害变形破坏地质模式,得出以下主要结论:（1）影响崩滑成灾基本因素（崩滑灾害体势能、岩溶结构面、岩组结构、斜坡地貌和斜坡结构）、影响因素（水文地质条件、工程活动、地震、降雨）和变形运动特征（运动形式和变形机制）三个方面,据此建立了岩溶山区崩滑灾害地质分类指标体系。（2）结合研究区特征对模型体系里面的每个要素进行系统分析,崩滑灾害的发生是各个要素相互组合、相互作用的结果。（3）总结了研究区内5种典型崩滑地质模式:高势能反倾降雨型高速远程滑坡—碎屑流模型、高势能斜倾视向采矿型高速远程崩滑灾害模型、超高势能横向陡倾地震型高速远程滑坡、高势能采矿型高速崩塌—碎屑流模型、低势能差异风化崩塌模型。为后续开展物理模拟、数值模拟、稳定性计算和变形破坏预测等工作奠定基础。下一步将更加深入全面地建立研究区的崩滑灾害模式,并进行崩滑灾害的危险性分级工作。 相似文献
6.
湖南雪峰山地区降雨型滑坡灾害敏感性区划 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
雪峰山地区是湖南省降雨型滑坡灾害较为发育的地区之一,滑坡灾害给该地区社会及经济发展造成严重影响,给人民生命财产造成严重损失.本文选择影响滑坡发生的关键地质因子,即坡向、高程、工程岩组、斜坡类型和坡度等5个因子,通过确定性系数（CF）与层次分析法（AHP）的融合,解决评价中各因子指标的排序赋值和各评价因子叠加的权重问题.在给定因子权重的基础上,采用因子权值与因子赋值相乘后相加的方法,求得雪峰山地区降雨型滑坡综合敏感度值,并根据敏感性指标对研究区进行敏感性区划. 相似文献
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黄河流域地质构造活跃、地貌演化迅速、气候区域分异显著,导致流域内重大灾害类型多、分布广、突发性强。文章以宁夏南部黄土丘陵区为研究区,引入梯田型黄土滑坡隐患的概念,通过结合历史资料收集、遥感影像解译、现场调查和数理统计等手段,分析了梯田型黄土滑坡隐患的发育特征、分布规律及形成原因。结果表明:（1）研究区梯田型黄土滑坡隐患共26处,主要分布于第四系黄土中,中长边坡数量较多,主要为浅层与中层梯田型黄土滑坡隐患,规模以小型为主。（2）梯田型黄土滑坡隐患在空间上主要分布在黄土梁峁区和大起伏山地区,1 800~2 000 m的高程区间,坡向为东南、南、西南时分布较多;在时间上主要分布在雨季或地震活动时期。（3）地形地貌、地层结构、降雨、地表水和人类工程活动是梯田型黄土滑坡隐患发育的主要因素。研究结果对于宁夏南部黄土丘陵区以及黄河流域梯田型黄土滑坡隐患风险识别与风险管理具有指导和借鉴意义。 相似文献
8.
中国崩塌滑坡泥石流灾害成因类型 总被引：30，自引：0，他引：30
通过收集编录中国1920~2013年间160例重大滑坡泥石流灾害事件基本数据,结合笔者多年来从事地质灾害防治研究的体验,按引发因素初步划分了中国崩塌滑坡和泥石流灾害的成因类型。崩塌滑坡灾害成因分为降雨引发型、地震激发型、自然演化型、冻融渗透型、地下开挖型、切坡卸荷型、工程堆载型、水库浸润型、灌溉渗漏型和爆破振动型等10种,初步描述了每种类型的作用机理、破坏模式、运动特征和危害方式,列举了典型案例。泥石流灾害成因分为沟谷演化型、坡地液化型、滑坡坝溃决型、工程弃碴溃决型、尾矿坝溃决型、冰湖坝溃决型和堆积体滑塌侵蚀型等7种,描述了每类的引发因素、启动模式、运动特征和危害方式,列举了典型案例。这个分类方案拟为重大地质灾害成因的快速研判和应急响应决策技术支持系统的研发提供科学基础。 相似文献
9.
我国西南岩溶山区位于上扬子地台,经过多期构造运动,形成了特有的强烈褶皱地貌形态,特大型滑坡灾害频发。通过资料收集、现场调查以及统计分析,讨论了岩溶山区典型滑坡后破坏的成灾模式和形成条件,并得出以下结论:（1）我国西南岩溶山区普遍呈现上陡下缓的地形地貌特征和上硬下软的地层结构特征,岩溶地貌和溶蚀岩体结构加剧了滑坡后破坏的成灾规模;（2）研究区的滑坡成灾模式主要分为岩质崩塌、高位远程滑坡-碎屑流和高位远程滑坡-泥石流三种类型;（3）岩质崩塌灾害类型剪出口高差通常小于50 m,等效摩擦系数通常大于0.6,堆积体破碎比在5～20之间;高位远程滑坡-碎屑流灾害类型剪出口高差通常在50～200 m之间,等效摩擦系数通常在0.33～0.60之间,堆积体破碎比在20～100 之间;高位远程滑坡-泥石流灾害类型剪出口高差通常大于200 m,等效摩擦系数通常小于0.33,堆积体破碎比区间大于100;（4）西南岩溶山区的“高位滑坡”剪出口高差通常大于50 m,具有高速远程运动特征,运动过程中具有冲击铲刮、破碎解体、气垫和流化四种动力学效应。滑坡后破坏成灾模式的提出,可以为滑坡运动动力学机理和成灾反演预测研究提供重要分析模型。 相似文献
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Emily Keeble David I. Whiteside Michael J. Benton 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2018,129(2):99-119
Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco. 相似文献
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Gilles Serge Odin 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2002,334(6):409-414
Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414. 相似文献
13.
The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H2O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H2O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species. 相似文献
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Muriel Rocher Stéphane Baize Stéphane Jaillet Edward Marc Cushing Yannick Lozac&#x;h Francis Lemeille 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2003,335(8):701-708
Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ1 roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003). 相似文献
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正20141520 Bo Ying(Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment,MLR,Beijing 100037,China);Liu Chenglin Saline Spring Hydrochemical Characteristics and Indicators for Potassium Exploration in Southwestern and Northern Tarim Basin,Xinjiang(Acta Geoscientica Sinica,ISSN1006-3021,CN11-3474/P,34(5),2013,p.594-602,5 illus.,3 tables,28 refs.) 相似文献
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正20141243Chen Ge(Hangzhou Research Institute of Petroleum Geology,PetroChina,Hangzhou 310023,China);Si Chunsong Study on Sedimentary Numerical Simulation Method of Fan Delta Sand Body(Journal of Geology, 相似文献
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正20142599Chen Sanming(Guangxi Key Laboratory of Concealed Deposits Exploration,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin541004,China);He Yuzhou Block Model and Reserves Estimation of Panzhihua Iron Deposit Based on 3D Geological Modeling(Journal of Guilin University of Technology,ISSN1674-9057,CN45-1375/N,33(4),2013,p.610-615,9illus.,1table,15refs.) 相似文献
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正20140594 Bai Daoyuan(Hunan Institute of Geology Survey,Changsha 410016,China);Zhong Xiang Faults in the Jingzhou Basin and Their Tectonic Settings(Geotectonica et Metallogenia,ISSN1001-1552,CN44-1595/P,37(2),2013,p.173-183,6illus.,59refs.)Key words:basin evolution,tectonic setting,South China In the Upper Paleozoic and Jurassic se- 相似文献
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正20141912Cao Hui(State Key Laboratory for Continental Tectonics and Dynamics,Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China)Gravitational Collapse and Folding during Orogenesis:A Comparative Study of FIA Trends and Fold Axial Plane Traces(Geology in China,ISSN1000-3657,CN11-1167/P,40(6),2013,p.1818-1828,9illus.,35refs.,with 相似文献