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1.
When SINS (strap-down inertial navigation system) is combined with GPS, the observability of the course angle is weak. Although the course angle error is improved to some extent through Kalman filtering, the course angle still assumes a divergent trend. This trend is aggravated further when using low-cost and low-accuracy SINS. In order to restrain this trend, a method that uses AHRS to substitute for SINS course angle information is put forward aimed at the hardware component characteristic of the low-cost and low-accuracy SINS including AHRS (attitude and heading reference system) and IMU (inertial measurement unit). Real static and dynamic experiments show that the method can restrain the divergent trend of the navigation system angle effectively, and the positioning accuracy is high. 相似文献
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一种低成本、低精度SINS/GPS组合导航系统及试验研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在SINS（捷联式惯性导航系统）与GPS组合时，航向角的可观测性较弱，经过卡尔曼滤波后，航向角误差虽有所改善，但仍呈发散趋势，当采用低成本、低精度SINS时，该趋势进一步加剧。为了抑制该发散趋势，针对某型低成本、低精度SINS硬件组成（包括AHRS（姿态和航向参考系统）与IMU（惯性测量器件））的特点，提出了利用AHRS代替SINS航向角信息的方法。实际静态与动态试验表明，利用该方法可有效地抑制组合系统航向角的发散趋势，定位精度较高。 相似文献
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初始对准是捷联惯导系统的关键技术之一,对准精度直接影响到导航系统的导航解算精度,静基座捷联惯导卡尔曼滤波法对准的精度和收敛时间受模型参数以及初始条件的影响,对于低精度的捷联惯导,这种影响更大,滤波结果往往不能收敛,甚至发散。采用解析法对准是解决上述问题的有效途径,针对静基座解析法对准做了系统研究,推导了惯性器件误差的解析表达式,分析了对准时间与仪器误差估计精度的关系。实测试验结果表明,给予适当的对准时间,解析法对准亦可接近极限精度;同时,在解析法初始对准中,等效天向加速度计零偏可得到有效估计;等效天向、北向陀螺漂移虽可估计,但随机游走对估计结果的影响不可忽视。 相似文献
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提出了基于载波相位时间差分与捷联惯导紧组合的方法对高轨飞行器进行自主导航,其中捷联惯导主要在飞行器进行轨道机动时使用,分析了载波相位观测方程中的误差因素,通过SRUKF建立了组合导航非线性滤波模型,研究了周跳检测与修复策略。研究表明,提出的导航方法避免了整周模糊度的求解和周跳的影响,因而可使导航系统具有高精度和高可靠性... 相似文献
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基于多尺度分析的思想,以离散小波变换为工具,利用小波对惯性元件输出的信息进行并行阈值消噪以削弱惯性元件误差对SINS及组合系统性能的影响;然后,对GPS输出的信息进行并行多尺度预处理,并结合传统的Kalman滤波方法,对系统进行综合滤波;将上述方法引入到GPS/SINS组合导航系统中,利用实测数据进行验证,并给出了基于不同方法的大量实验曲线。实验结果表明,该方法可以有效削弱惯性元件以及GPS误差对系统的影响,提高了GPS/SINS组合导航系的精度和可靠性。 相似文献
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针对INS/GPS组合导航系统航向角可观测性差的问题,提出了把航向信息耦合到Kalman滤波器量测方程中的方法,以及用航位推算校正航向的方法来抑制航向角发散的趋势。为满足低成本、小型化的要求,以MEMS陀螺和加速度计为核心,构建了高精度组合导航系统。仿真试验表明,两种算法均达到了较高的定位/定向精度,对导航系统在小型化领域的推广应用具有实际意义。 相似文献
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A CE-5T1 spacecraft completed a high-speed skip re-entry to the earth after a circumlunar flight on October 31, 2014. In addition to the strapdown inertial navigation system (SINS), a lightweight GPS receiver with rapid acquisition was developed as a navigation sensor in the re-entry capsule. The GPS receiver effectively solved the poor accuracy problem of long-term navigation using only the SINS. In contrast to ground users and low-earth-orbit spacecraft, numerous factors, including high altitude and kinetic characteristics in high-speed skip re-entry, are important for GPS positioning feasibility and were presented in accordance with the flight data. GPS solutions started at nearly 4900 km orbital altitude during the phases of re-entry process. These solutions were combined by an inertial measurement unit in a loosely coupled integrated navigation method and SINS navigation initialization. A simplified GPS/SINS navigation filter for limited resources was effectively developed and implemented on board for spacecraft application. Flight data estimation analyses, including trajectory, attitude, position distribution of GPS satellite, and navigation accuracy, were presented. The estimated accuracy of position was better than 42 m, and the accuracy of velocity was better than 0.1 m/s. 相似文献
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车载导航系统常用惯性测量元件（IMU）与全球卫星导航系统（GNSS）技术组合以提高系统的稳定性。由于车载导航系统的应用场景限制，对初始对准速度有着较高要求。为了提高传统车载组合导航系统中低成本微机电系统（MEMS）陀螺仪的初始对准速度，降低初始对准过程中的计算量，本文提出了一种适用于任意失准角下的基于网络RTK辅助与无损Kalman滤波（UKF）的MEMS陀螺仪初始对准算法。同时针对车载系统的特点，简化了IMU系统误差方程，分析了简化带来的误差。在诺瓦泰ProPak6和诺瓦泰IMU-IGM-S1组成的导航系统中验证了本文提出的算法。试验结果表明，在以诺瓦泰双天线GNSS输出航向角为"真值"的情况下，本文提出的算法基本可以在5 s内完成陀螺仪的初始对准，对准精度达0.3°。 相似文献
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利用神经网络预测的GPS/SINS组合导航系统算法研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
提出了一种基于神经网络预测的GPS/SINS组合导航系统算法。GPS信号可用时,该算法分别将惯性传感器的输出以及卡尔曼滤波器的输出信息作为神经网络的输入及理想输出信息,并进行在线训练;当GPS信息失锁时,利用已经训练好的神经网络预测各导航参数误差,并校正SINS。地面静态实验与动态跑车实验结果证明了该方法的可行性与有效性。 相似文献
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在地面车载组合导航GNSS/OD/SINS中,全球导航卫星系统（GNSS）信号容易受到环境的干扰甚至发生中断,将非完整性约束（NHC）应用于里程计（OD）/捷联惯性导航系统（SINS）组合,可以有效抑制GNSS信号中断期间组合导航系统的误差发散。通常NHC的噪声设定基于固定的经验值,然而在实际运动过程中,车辆运行轨迹复杂多变,其运动状态不能完全满足NHC前提假设,经验给定的噪声无法准确反映车辆实际运动情况。为此,本文分析了NHC噪声与车辆运动状态的关系,构建了一种基于车辆运动状态的NHC噪声自适应方法。通过所选场景的实测数据验证表明：采用噪声自适应的NHC/OD/SINS组合导航结果相比于固定噪声的NHC/OD/SINS组合,在GNSS信号中断110 s、车辆连续转弯的情况下,最大水平位置误差减小了68.4%;在GNSS信号中断74 s、车辆直线行驶的情况下,最大水平位置误差减小了87.3%;能较好地抑制GNSS中断期间组合导航系统的误差发散。 相似文献
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为解决可观测基站受遮挡情况下仅采用到达时间（time of arrived, TOA）无法定位或精度较差的问题,将第5代移动通信技术（5th generation,5G）中多天线阵列提供的信号离开角（angle of departure, AOD）应用在定位解算中,通过卡尔曼滤波将5G定位与捷联惯性导航（strapdown inertial navigation system,SINS）融合,构成融合TOA/AOD的5G/SINS组合导航方案。通过模拟可观测5G基站数量充足、遮挡这两类场景下的仿真实验,对基于TOA的5G定位、基于TOA/AOD的5G定位、TOA组合导航、TOA/AOD组合导航这4种解算方法的位置误差进行了比较。仿真实验结果表明,当可观测基站受遮挡时,融合TOA/AOD进行5G/SINS组合导航能确保100%的定位成功率,并有效降低组合导航发散的概率,减小40%~70%的位置误差。 相似文献
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A wavelet-extreme learning machine for low-cost INS/GPS navigation system in high-speed applications
The combined navigation system consisting of both global positioning system (GPS) and inertial navigation system (INS) results in reliable, accurate, and continuous navigation capability when compared to either a GPS or an INS stand-alone system. To improve the overall performance of low-cost micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS)-based INS/GPS by considering a high level of stochastic noise on low-cost MEMS-based inertial sensors, a highly complex problems with noisy real data, a high-speed vehicle, and GPS signal outage during our experiments, we suggest two approaches at different steps: (1) improving the signal-to-noise ratio of the inertial sensor measurements and attenuating high-frequency noise using the discrete wavelet transform technique before data fusion while preserving important information like the vehicle motion information and (2) enhancing the positioning accuracy and speed by an extreme learning machine (ELM) which has the characteristics of quick learning speed and impressive generalization performance. We present a single-hidden layer feedforward neural network which is employed to optimize the estimation accuracy and speed by minimizing the error, especially in the high-speed vehicle and real-time implementation applications. To validate the performance of our proposed method, the results are compared with an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and an extended Kalman filter (EKF) method. The achieved accuracies are discussed. The results suggest a promising and superior prospect for ELM in the field of positioning for low-cost MEMS-based inertial sensors in the absence of GPS signal, as it outperforms ANFIS and EKF by approximately 50 and 70%, respectively. 相似文献
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Extended Kalman filter (EKF) is a widely used estimator for integrated navigation systems, and it works well in general situations. However, in adverse conditions such as partially observable environments and highly dynamic maneuvers, the performance of the traditional EKF-based strap-down inertial navigation system (SINS)/GPS integrated navigation system is easily to be affected by the dynamic changes of the specific force, thus leading to the problem of error covariance inconsistency. Though the inconsistency problem can be overcome to some extent if the system matrix, the states and the error covariance matrix are propagated as fast as possible in the SINS calculation rate, the problem cannot be fully solved. State transformation extended Kalman filter (ST-EKF) mechanization, with a new converted velocity error model for the SINS, is proposed, which can also be used to solve the inconsistency problem. In the ST-EKF, the specific force vector in the system error model is replaced by the nearly constant gravity vector for local navigation. Since the propagation and the updating of the ST-EKF can be executed simultaneously in the updating interval, the computation cost is greatly reduced compared with the traditional EKF. Experiments for the GPS/SINS tightly coupled navigation, including linear vibration Monte Carlo test and an unmanned aerial vehicle flight test, are implemented to evaluate the performance of the proposed ST-EKF. The results show that the proposed ST-EKF has superior performance to the traditional EKF, especially in partially observable situations. 相似文献
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车载低成本嵌入式组合导航系统的可靠性容易受到多种传感器故障和环境的影响,基于全球卫星导航系统(GNSS)状态的惯性导航系统(INS)/GNSS/里程计(ODO)抗差组合导航算法,提出了一种两级故障检测处理方法. 其中,第一级检测使用了基于解析冗余的残差卡方检验法,第二级检测使用了改进的双状态传播卡方检验算法. 利用自主研制的GN310低成本嵌入式系统采集路测数据. 结果表明:相对于传统算法,水平定位精度提升了39.7%;另外在半实物仿真下,水平定位误差保持在3 m以内,表明该容错方法能够有效地处理ODO、INS故障和GNSS软硬故障. 相似文献
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GNSS/SINS(global navigation satellite system/strapdown inertial navigation system)组合导航系统已得到广泛的应用与研究,当处于复杂环境时,GNSS输出容易出现误差均方差突变、误差均方差缓变、硬故障和软故障4种现象,进而影响组合导航系统滤波精度及载体的导航安全。为了解决上述问题,提出了一种改进的GNSS/SINS组合导航系统自适应滤波算法。首先,利用滤波过程中的观测异常检验统计量与滤波器门限值构建观测因子,然后,将变分贝叶斯原理与抗野值滤波方法结合,设计了改进的组合导航系统自适应滤波算法。仿真实验表明,相较于传统算法,当GNSS输出误差均方差发生变化时,所提算法可将位置精度及速度精度提高11.8%及13.7%;在GNSS输出发生硬故障时,所提算法可将位置精度及速度精度提高70.8%及69.6%。实验结果表明,所提算法具有较强的自适应性,可提升复杂环境下组合导航系统的精度和连续可用性。 相似文献
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针对机载组合导航系统,考虑不同飞行阶段的气压高度,提出一种改进的Sage-Husa自适应滤波算法,以提高组合导航系统定位精度. 该算法通过引入气压高度,实时计算并修正滤波异常判定的调节因子,以满足飞机不同飞行阶段的滤波需求. 通过捷联式惯性导航系统(SINS)、全球卫星导航系统(GNSS)定位误差特性仿真、卡尔曼滤波组合算法仿真、以及改进的Sage-Husa自适应滤波算法仿真,并对相关结果进行比较验证. 仿真结果表明,改进Sage-Husa自适应滤波可以提高滤波的自适应性,降低组合导航系统定位误差,取得较好的效果. 相似文献
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A GPS-aided Inertial Navigation System (GAINS) is used to determine the orientation? position and velocity of ground and aerial vehicles. The data measured by Inertial Navigation System (INS) and GPS are commonly integrated through an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF). Since the EKF requires linearized models and complete knowledge of predefined stochastic noises? the estimation performance of this filter is attenuated by unmodeled nonlinearity and bias uncertainties of MEMS inertial sensors. The Attitude Heading Reference System (AHRS) is applied based on the quaternion and Euler angles methods. A moving horizon-based estimator such as Model Predictive Observer (MPO) enables us to approximate and estimate linear systems affected by unknown uncertainties. The main objective of this research is to present a new MPO method based on the duality principle between controller and observer of dynamic systems and its implementation in AHRS mode of a low-cost INS aided by a GPS. Asymptotic stability of the proposed MPO is proven by applying Lyapunov’s direct method. The field test of a GAINS is performed by a ground vehicle to assess the long-time performance of the MPO method compared with the EKF. Both the EKF and MPO estimators are applied in AHRS mode of the MEMS GAINS for the purpose of real-time performance comparison. Furthermore? we use flight test data of the GAINS for evaluation of the estimation filters. The proposed MPO based on both the Euler angles and quaternion methods yields better estimation performances compared to the classic EKF. 相似文献
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In order to enhance the acquisition performance of global positioning system (GPS) receivers in weak signal conditions, a high-sensitivity acquisition scheme aided by strapdown inertial navigation system (SINS) information is proposed. The carrier Doppler shift and Doppler rate are pre-estimated with SINS aiding and GPS ephemeris, so that the frequency search space is reduced, and the dynamic effect on the acquisition sensitivity is mitigated effectively. Meanwhile, to eliminate the signal-to-noise ratio gain attenuation caused by data bit transitions, an optimal estimation of the unknown data bits is implemented with the Viterbi algorithm. A differential correction method is then utilized to improve the acquisition accuracy of Doppler shift and therefore to meet the requirement of carrier-tracking loop initialization. Finally, the reacquisition experiments of weak GPS signals are implemented in short signal blockage situations. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme can significantly improve the acquisition accuracy and sensitivity and shorten the reacquisition time. 相似文献
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为了满足高动态用户及强干扰条件下的应用需求,提出了一种基于卫星信号矢量跟踪的SINS/GPS深组合导航方法,设计了基于FPGA硬件平台的实施方案。利用组合卡尔曼滤波器反馈回路取代了传统接收机中独立、并行的跟踪环路,能够同时完成所有可视卫星信号的跟踪和导航信息处理;通过矢量跟踪算法对所有可视卫星信号进行集中处理,能够增强跟踪通道对信号载噪比变化的适应能力,从而提高接收机在强干扰或信号中断条件下的跟踪性能;根据SINS导航参数和星历信息推测GPS伪码相位和多普勒频移等参数,用以辅助卫星信号的捕获和跟踪,能够大大缩短接收机的搜索捕获时间,并增强接收机在高动态条件下的跟踪性能。基于矢量跟踪的深组合方法不仅在GPS信号短暂中断期间,能够保证系统的导航精度和可靠性,而且在强干扰环境中能够维持较好的伪码相位和载波频率跟踪性能。 相似文献