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运用岩石破裂过程分析RFPA2D系统，研究了岩石介质细观非均匀性对宏观力学行为的影响和微震序列特征. 通过对不同均质度系数m=1.1，1.5，2，3，5的5个样本进行破裂过程的模拟，发现均质度不同会产生不同地震序列类型，主要有：前震-主震-余震型、主震型和震群型. 此外，对5种不同均质度系数的岩石样本破裂过程的模拟表明，岩石介质的非均匀性不仅对岩样宏观强度和宏观变形非线性行为有显著的影响，而且也显著地影响试样破裂模式. 随着均质度系数的提高，主破裂呈现脆断模式. 同时介质的细观结构随机性，也对试样宏观破裂模式产生重要影响. 相似文献
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2010年4月14日青海省玉树发生MS7.1强震, 根据国内外3个机构公布的5套玉树地震震源参数,计算了玉树地震产生的库仑破裂应力变化,研究了震源参数的差异对库仑破裂应力变化及其与余震活动关系的影响． 结果表明,由于不同来源震源参数存在差异,计算得到的库仑破裂应力变化图像也存在不同程度差异,从而影响库仑破裂应力变化与余震活动的关系．在震源断层参数中,断层滑动角和位错量的影响大于其它参数．此外还发现对余震统计时间的长短也会影响库仑破裂应力变化与余震活动关系的统计结果． 相似文献
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区域矿震与地震的定量识别方法及其应用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
选取Morlet小波作为基函数，提出了一种定量识别矿震和地震的时频能量衰减因子(α)的方法，研究了辽宁省抚顺和北镇台记录的矿震和地震的α值变化特征及其随震级的变化特点，得到了不同类型波的α值对震级的依赖关系。研究结果表明：(1)一般情况下，同等震级水平的矿震与地震的α值具有明显差异，其变化范围相互不存在重叠现象；(2)随震级增高，α值呈现下降特点且矿震α值随震级增高而下降的速率比地震大；(3)根据事件震级并结合α值与震级的统计关系，我们可以对已发生的事件类型作出正确判断；(4)区域矿震和地震破裂机制的差异是使α值具有明显差异的主要原因；(5)同一地区的矿震或地震的α值具有稳定的变化规律，不同地区的α值变化规律有差异性。这对天然地震事件的快速定位和识别及基于固定台站研究强震前地震的α值的异常变化具有启发意义。 相似文献
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地震震级频度的古登堡-里克特关系式(简称G-R关系式)一直是许多地震学问题研究的重要前提之一, 然而实际分布常常与这一关系式有一定的偏离。 文中利用已有的对含有凹凸体、 挤压雁列破裂及Ⅲ型剪切破裂等三种类型的岩石实验结果, 对接收到的声发射事件序列分别进行了分段地震震级频度的G-R关系式拟合, 重点考察了每一时间窗内表征实际地震震级频度与这一关系式偏离程度的线性拟合系数r值的变化。 研究结果表明, 含有凹凸体、 挤压雁列破裂的岩石声发射序列在加压－破裂过程中, 分段扫描分别计算得出的r值在标本失稳前出现数字下降的现象, 表明临近岩石失稳, 实际地震震级频度与G-R关系式偏离程度有加大的趋势; 而含Ⅲ型剪切破裂的岩石在标本失稳前, 声发射序列r值数字下降的现象不明显。 部分实际震例也表明, 在一些中强地震前也存在着这种偏离。 研究结果可能对利用区域地震活动资料探求部分类型的中强地震前可能存在的前兆信息具有一定的参考意义。 相似文献
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依据1966 年以来中国大陆及边邻地区记录相对完备的6 级以上地震序列资料,统计研究了地震的破裂类型和不同破裂类型下余震序列特征等,得到了不同破裂类型下不同余震序列比例和优势分布、主震震级与最大余震震级差的经验关系。主震与最大余震的震级关系线性较好,得到的经验公式可以为中国大陆及边邻地区同类地震的最大余震震级判定提供参考;最大余震发生在主震后10 天内的比例为43. 8% ～ 81. 8% ,正断型和走滑型中的孤立型的最大余震发生在主震后10 天内的比例高达80% 。 相似文献
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在实验室对不同岩性不同结构的岩石试件进行单轴加载至试件破裂试验，得出了如下主要结果：（１）岩石试件的红外辐射温度随应力增加而变化，温度变化的范围在０．２℃－０．８℃。（２）岩石试件临破裂前出现明显的岩石破裂温度前兆。（３）有一部分岩石试件临破裂前出现高温条带、高温区或低温条带、低温区。不久，试件沿高温条带、区或低温条带、区发生主破裂。（４）有一部分岩石试件在临破裂前出现温度脉冲，正脉冲达到２．８℃，负脉冲达到－１．０℃。（５）当应力增加时，岩石试件的辐射温度增加与声发射率增加呈互补关系。 相似文献
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《世界地震译丛》2020,(4)
震级与破裂尺度的关系描述了断层破裂的长度、宽度和面积随地震震级变化的特征。地震危险性模型中需要这些参数,以便将模型地震拟合到断层上,并确定地震动预测方程所需的地震破裂距离。我们收集了中国大陆及邻区91次地震的震级和破裂参数,以研究中国大陆震级—破裂尺度关系,并发现由不同方法得到的地下破裂长度(RLD)与震级关系不存在系统性偏差。我们使用广义正交回归法给出了地下破裂长度与震级和破裂宽度之间的关系,然后推导出破裂面积与震级之间的关系式。如果不考虑中国东部1900年以前的5次大地震,则我们的关系式与使用全球数据给出的结果统计上无差异。但是,如果考虑这5次大地震,中国东部大型走滑地震的震级—破裂长度尺度关系计算出的破裂长度比中国西部和世界其他板块边界相同震级地震的要短。 相似文献
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运用岩石破裂过程分析RFPA2D系统,研究了断层上含非均匀性障碍体对地震序列类型的影响。通过对断层障碍体不同均质度系数m=1.1、m=1.5、m=6.0这3个样本进行破裂过程的模拟,发现均质度不同会产生不同地震序列类型,这些序列类型主要是前震主震余震型、主震型和震群型。此外,对3种不同均质度的障碍体的岩石样本破裂过程的模拟表明,岩石介质的非均匀性不但对岩样宏观强度和宏观变形非线性行为有显著的影响,而且对试样破裂模式也有显著的影响。 相似文献
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Relationships between moment magnitude and fault parameters: theoretical and semi-empirical relationships 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Fault parameters are important in earthquake hazard analysis. In this paper, theoretical relationships between moment magnitude and fault parameters including subsurface rupture length, downdip rupture width, rupture area, and average slip over the fault surface are deduced based on seismological theory. These theoretical relationships are further simplified by applying similarity conditions and an unique form is established. Then, combining thc simplified theoretical relationships between moment magnitude and fault parameters with seismic source data selected in this study, a practical semi-empirical relationship is established. The seismic source data selected is also to used to derive empirical relationships between moment magnitude and fault parameters by the ordinary least square regression method. Comparisons between semi-empirical relationships and empirical relationships show that the former depict distribution trends of data better than the latter. It is also observed that downdip rupture widths of strike slip faults are saturated when moment magnitude is more than 7.0, but downdip rupture widths of dip slip faults are not saturated in the moment magnitude ranges of this study. 相似文献
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地球物理勘探中,地下应力的估测是非常重要的.本文利用应力诱导的弱各向异性的各向异性参数,借助已有的具有水平对称轴横向各向同性介质顾及高阶小量的横波反射系数近似公式,针对下介质为各向同性受单轴应力作用情况随应力的增加求取应力精度降低的问题,从横波反射系数近似公式的推导出发,联合SH波与SV波反射系数给出新的改进的单轴应力与横波反射系数的直观表达式;计算并对比了受单轴应力作用的各向同性介质的横波近似和严格的反射系数,并利用理论得到的横波反射系数对应力进行了估值.结果表明,利用改进后横波反射系数与应力的直观表达式,当应力增加时,应力估值精度有了明显的改善,这为利用横波反射数据直观估测应力提供理论依据. 相似文献
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IntroductionThe downfaulted system around Ordos block is a typical area in China, in which active normal dip-slip or strike-slip faults with normal dip-slip faults developed, and is also an area in which historical strong earthquakes actively occurred. According to historical records, there were ten strong earthquakes with M(7 occurred during past 1 500 years, including 4 M=8 earthquakes. Study on these historical large earthquakes in the area will be helpful to recognize segmentation charac… 相似文献
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在文中利用坐标变换的方法,证明了重、磁异常的走向与其振幅谱的走向是垂直的。 相似文献
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《水文科学杂志》2013,58(2)
Abstract This work deals with the problem of the use of remote sensing data derived from NOAA/AVHRR observations for monitoring the West African Sahel climatic variability. NDVI is widely used in hydrological and climatological research, and in the study of global climatic changes. The relationships between NDVI and climatic parameters are not well established yet and are the focus of many studies. The relationships between NDVI and rainfall were studied at a 10-day time step in the Nakambe River basin in Burkina Faso in the Sahelo-Sudanian area over the years 1982–1999. Good correlations were found in the annual evolution of these two variables. The statistical analysis shows a significant relationship between NDVI and the sum of the annual rainfall with determination coefficients greater than 0.80. At the spatial scale of 0.5° × 0.5°, the determination coefficient ranges from 0.91 to 0.96. It was also found that the NDVI is a good indicator of the determination of the beginning and the end of the rainy season. It gives reasonably good results in comparison with the other methods commonly used in the study region. 相似文献
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In order to propose a seismic design spectrum that includes the effect of rupture directivity in the near-fault region, this study investigates the application of equivalent pulses to the parameter attenuation relationships developed for near-fault, forward-directivity motions. Near-fault ground motions are represented by equivalent pulses with different waveforms defined by a small number of parameters （peak acceleration, A, and velocity V; and pulse period, Tv）. Dimensionless ratios between these parameters （e.g., ATv/V, VTv/D） and response spectral shapes and amplitudes are examined for different pulses to gain insight on their dependence on basic pulse waveforms. Ratios of ATv/V, VTv/D, and the ratio of pulse period to the period for peak spectral velocity （Tv-p） are utilized to quantify the difference between rock and soil sites for near-fault forward-directivity ground motions. The ATv/Vratio of recorded near-fault motions is substantially larger for rock sites than that for soil sites, while Tvp/Tv ratios are smaller at rock sites than at soil sites. Furthermore, using simple pulses and available predictive relationships for the pulse parameters, a preliminary model for the design acceleration response spectra for the near-fault region that includes the dependence on magnitude, rupture distance, and local site conditions are developed. 相似文献
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As part of the effort to assess the seismic hazards of Singapore and the Malay Peninsula, representative ground motion prediction models have to be established. Seven existing attenuation relationships developed for shallow crustal earthquakes in stable continent and active tectonic regions are examined, and they are found to consistently over‐predict the ground motions of Sumatran‐fault earthquakes recently recorded in Singapore. This may be attributed to the differences in the regional crustal structures and distance ranges considered. Since the number of recorded ground motions in the region is very limited, a new set of attenuation relationships is derived based on synthetic seismograms. The uncertainties in rupture parameters, such as stress drop, focal depth, dip and rake angles, are defined according to the regional geological and tectonic settings as well as the ruptures of previous earthquakes. Ground motions are simulated for earthquakes with Mw ranging from 4.0 to 8.0, within a distance range from 174 to 1379km. Besides magnitude and distance, source‐to‐station azimuth is found to influence the amplitudes of the ground motions simulated. Thus, the azimuth is taken as an independent variable in the derived ground motion attenuation relationships. The Sumatran‐fault segments that have the potential to generate a specified level of response spectral accelerations in Singapore and Kuala Lumpur are identified based on the newly derived ground motion models. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Effect of source parameters on forward-directivity velocity pulse for vertical strike slip fault in half space 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
It has been found that the large velocity pulse is one of the most important characteristics of near-fault strong ground motions. Some statistical relationships between pulse period and the moment magnitude for near-fault strong ground motions have been established by Somerville （1998）; Alavi and Krawinkler （2000）; and Mavroeidis and Papageorgiou （2003）, where no variety of rupture velocity, fault depth, and fault distance, etc. were considered. Since near-fault ground motions are significantly influenced by the rupture process and source parameters, the effects of some source parameters on the amplitude and the period ofa forward-directivity velocity pulse in a half space are analyzed by the finite difference method combined with the kinematic source model in this paper. The study shows that the rupture velocity, fault depth, position of the initial rupture point and distribution of asperities are the most important parameters to the velocity pulse. Generally, the pulse period decreases and the pulse amplitude increases as the rupture velocity increases for shallow crustal earthquakes. In a definite region besides the fault trace, the pulse period increases as the fault depth increases. For a uniform strike slip fault, rupture initiating from one end of a fault and propagating to the other always generates a higher pulse amplitude and longer pulse period than in other cases. 相似文献
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Response simulation and theoretical calibration of a dual-induction resistivity LWD tool 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
In this paper, responses of a new dual-induction resistivity logging-while-drilling （LWD） tool in 3D inhomogeneous formation models are simulated by the vectorfinite element method （VFEM）, the influences of the borehole, invaded zone, surroundingstrata, and tool eccentricity are analyzed, and calibration loop parameters and calibrationcoefficients of the LWD tool are discussed. The results show that the tool has a greater depthof investigation than that of the existing electromagnetic propagation LWD tools and is moresensitive to azimuthal conductivity. Both deep and medium induction responses have linearrelationships with the formation conductivity, considering optimal calibration loop parametersand calibration coefficients. Due to the different depths of investigation and resolution, deepinduction and medium induction are affected differently by the formation model parameters,thereby having different correction factors. The simulation results can provide theoreticalreferences for the research and interpretation of the dual-induction resistivity LWD tools. 相似文献