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本文通过对2007年西北太平洋热带气旋发生源地、频数、移动路径、强度等方面的分析,找出2007年西北太平洋热带气旋的特征,并对其大气环流进行了分析,结果表明:2007年西北太平洋热带气旋偏少、偏强,路径怪异.前期赤道东太平洋海温偏低,而西北太平洋副热带高压位置偏南、偏西,是2007年西北太平洋热带气旋偏少的主要原因. 相似文献
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一百多年来影响黄渤海热带气旋天气气候分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文对１８８４～１９９４年影响黄渤海的２３６个热带气旋进行了统计分析，给出其时空分布规律；将影响黄渤海的热带气旋分为五种类型，阐述了三种主要类型的路径特征、发展过程及产生的大风和降水天气分布。 相似文献
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将1992～2006年15a间影响和登陆闸坡站的热带气旋按照登陆点和移动路径进行分类．研究各类热带气旋在闸坡站引起的风暴潮增水峰值的出现时间与热带气旋登陆点及移动路径的关系,定性分析热带气旋风场结构对风暴潮增水的影响并经过2007年至今风暴潮增水预报过程中的实例检验．结果表明：闸坡站的增水类型与热带气旋的登陆地点和路径关系密切．在闸坡站登陆的东北行热带气旋引起的风暴潮增水多出现在登陆前,其他路径则出现在登陆时或登陆后;在闸坡以西登陆的热带气旋引起的风暴潮增水峰值一般发生在登陆时或登陆后1h以内;在闸坡站以东登陆的热带气旋引起的风暴潮增水峰值一般发生在登陆前10h以上;而其他类型的热带气旋引起的风暴潮增水由于个例较少规律尚不明显． 相似文献
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长城站极地气旋与暴风雪天气 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
西南极极地气旋是造成长城站暴风雪的主要天气系统。夏季每月侵入长城站气旋有6～8个,平均3～4d就有气旋侵入南极半岛乔治王岛地区．冬季每月5～7个,且强度比夏季大。极地气旋移动路径在夏季稍有南移,冬季气旋路径向北扩展。西南极极地气旋东移靠近南极半岛,气旋有阻滞现象,气旋受阻气流上升使高空扰动,低压和低压槽强烈斜压发展,在锋区后伴有向北移动极地冷空气入侵,是形成长城站强暴风雪天气重要原因。极地气旋给长城站带来大风降雨降雪天气,长城站95％以上的暴风雪天气是由极地气旋引起的。而长城站暴风雪天气有二种类型：一种由极地气旋前部与锋面影响,吹北风或西北风暴风雪;另一种是由极地气旋南部或高压脊前影响,吹南风或东南风暴风雪天气。而后一种则是风速猛、气温低、危害最大。 相似文献
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胜利油田近海及沿岸地区东北大风及风暴潮分析预报 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对产生影响胜利油田近海及沿岸地区东北大风及风暴潮灾害的两大类天气系统进行了具体分析，分别给出了冷锋配合江淮气旋产生东北大风及风暴潮的三种环流形势和两类影响胜利油田热带气旋移动路径及其预报着眼点。 相似文献
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利用1953 ～2012年热带气旋资料、浙江大风实况资料和地面高空图资料,对60a来影响浙江的热带气旋大风进行统计分析;将热带气旋移动路径分为7种类型进行讨论,分析各种路径的热带气旋所产生极大风速的分布特征和强度特征.结果表明:1953 ～ 2012年60 a中影响浙江的热带气旋共有279个,平均每年影响浙江的热带气旋有4.7个,产生8级以上和12级以上大风分别有4.3个和1.9个,造成浙江大风的热带气旋主要发生在7～9月,占80％;登陆热带气旋产生的极大风速与近中心最大风速正相关,且产生的极大风速常比其近中心最大风速大;12级以上大风出现概率较大的依次是登陆浙江沿海、在浙闽边界到厦门之间沿海登陆、近海北上转向、在浙沪边界到鲁辽边界之间沿海登陆的热带气旋.对热带气旋产生大风时的高低空环流形势进行分析,发现副热带高压、大陆高压、地面冷高压常对浙江热带气旋大风有增幅作用.因此,热带气旋大风的预报,除考虑热带气旋自身因素外,也要考虑多系统之间的相互作用. 相似文献
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1984?2017年影响中国热带气旋灾害的时空特征分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文基于1984?2017年热带气旋灾情资料和中国气象局上海台风研究所整编的热带气旋最佳路径资料,分析了中国热带气旋灾害的时空特征,比较了不同盛行路径下热带气旋灾害的差异,探讨了盛行路径下热带气旋陆上持续时间变化及灾害潜在风险。结果表明:（1）1984?2017年,直接经济损失呈现上升趋势,但该损失在国民生产总值中占比和死亡人数则呈下降趋势。（2）3类盛行路径热带气旋直接经济损失具有区域性差别。近海转向热带气旋登陆中国的数目少、灾害轻,西行和西北行的热带气旋登陆中国的数目多、范围广、灾害重。其中西行热带气旋主要影响广东、广西和海南,西北行热带气旋主要影响广东、福建和浙江。（3）台风潜在风险影响因子—热带气旋陆上平均持续时间,近几十年来增加趋势显著,但不同盛行路径陆上平均持续时间增加原因不一。近海转向的热带气旋陆上平均持续时间增加与陆上平均移速减小有关,西行和西北行的热带气旋陆上平均持续时间增加主要由陆上平均移动距离增加所致。 相似文献
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Salvador E. Lluch-Cota Eugenio A. Aragón-Noriega David Aurioles-Gamboa Richard C. Brusca Roberto Cortés-Altamirano Alfonso Esquivel-Herrera Michel E. Hendrickx Hugo Herrera-Cervantes Miguel Lavín Daniel B. Lluch-Cota Silvio G. Marinone Sofia Ortega-García Alejandro Parés-Sierra Mauricio Ramírez-Rodríguez Richard A. Schwartzlose Arturo P. Sierra-Beltrán 《Progress in Oceanography》2007,73(1):1-26
The Gulf of California is unique because of its geographical location and conformation. It hosts diverse ecosystems and important fisheries that support industry and provide livelihood to coastal settlements. It is also the site of interests and problems, and an intense interaction among managers, producers, and conservationists. In this report, we scrutinize the abiotic (hydrography, climate, ocean circulation, and chemistry) and biotic (phyto- and zooplankton, fish, invertebrates, marine mammals, birds, and turtles) components of the marine ecosystem, and some particular aspects of climate variability, endemisms, harmful algal blooms, oxygen minimum layer, and pollution. We also review the current conditions and conflicts around the main fisheries (shrimp, small and large pelagic fishes, squid, artisanal and sportfishing), the most important human activity in the Gulf of California. We cover some aspects of management and conservation of fisheries, especially the claimed overexploitation of fish resources and the ecosystems, and review proposals for creating networks of marine protected areas. We conclude by identifying main needs for information and research, particularly the integration of data bases, the implementation of models and paleoreconstructions, establishment of monitoring programs, and the evaluation of fishing impacts and management actions. 相似文献
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As the global trade and market for seafood has grown, so have the twin problems of renaming and mislabeling. Resource scarcity, the potential for greater profits, and weak legislation have all encouraged incorrect labeling, the results of which include consumer losses, the subversion of eco-marketing, further degradation of fisheries resources, and even adverse effects on human health. This paper examines the extent and consequences of renaming and mislabeling seafood, the state of current legislation, and the importance of future policies, with particular attention to the US, where 80% of the seafood is imported and more than one-third of all fish are mislabeled. Policy recommendations include governments’ support for a global mandate to label species, country of origin, and catching or production method on all seafood with high penalties for infractions. Chain of custody standards, such as those recently implemented by the Marine Stewardship Council (MSC), should also be considered for adoption worldwide. To garner support for this legislation, consumers must become better acquainted and concerned with their seafood and its origins. 相似文献
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天津厚蟹对盐度和温度的耐受性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究了天津厚蟹Helice tientsinensis对盐度和温度的耐受性。天津厚蟹对盐度的耐受能力极强,在温度9~34℃盐度为0的淡水介质中均能存活96h以上;在10℃、20℃及30℃的高渗介质中暴露96h后,天津厚蟹全部存活的盐度分别是65、56和50,全部死亡的盐度分别为83、74和68。天津厚蟹对低温的耐受力较强,在0、30和50盐度水平下,耐受低温的能力差别较大,能耐受96h的最低温度分别是9℃、2℃和6℃。天津厚蟹对高温也有较强的耐受能力,在0、30和50盐度水平下,分别在34℃、36℃和35℃下能耐受96h;盐度50温度38℃时,在开始的24h内无死亡,但48h后死亡率急剧上升,同样规律也出现在30和0溶液中,前者温度是39℃,后者为35℃。研究结果还表明盐度和温度的交互效应显著,二者的交互作用对天津厚蟹的存活亦有显著性影响(P0.05),温度升高(从10℃到20℃再到30℃)致使其耐盐能力显著下降,而盐度的剧烈变化(从30到50或从30到0)也致使其耐温能力显著下降。 相似文献
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The Salmon industry in Norway includes three sectors, namely sea and river fishing for wild salmon, and salmon farming, or aquaculture. The three sectors provide different social, economic and cultural benefits to society, but also face many problems and challenges. They have different interests, practices, traditions and audiences, and are also administered by different authorities and regulated under varying management regimes and legislations. On the one hand, they complement each other in terms of product supply, employment creation and income; on the other hand, they face conflicts over management objectives and strategies. This paper provides an overview of the salmon sectors associated with their status, challenges and management regimes. It further analyzes their interests and conflicts over economic contribution and management. Finally, some potential solutions are suggested in an attempt to solve these conflicts. 相似文献
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海草床可以为海洋动物提供产卵、索饵、繁育等场所。目前, 海草床面积急剧下降, 其中我国关于虾形草属(Phyllospadix)海草的研究相对较少, 对于虾形草主要繁育载体种子的描述、显微观察和萌发过程方面存在较多空白。本研究以红纤维虾形草(Phyllospadix iwatensis)为研究对象, 对其生长环境、种子外部特征、内部结构、萌发过程等进行了定性定量描述。结果表明, 虾形草果实种子对于海洋环境有着外部形态与内部结构的适应性, 外部形态特点包括独特的果序和果实形状, 以及翅状结构和内侧鬃毛, 其中果序呈弯虾形, 平均长度3.4cm, 果实呈马掌形, 直径3~4mm, 内部结构特征包括胚乳占比大、果皮种皮解剖结构复杂等, 具有作为海岸带植被修复工具种的优势。本研究补充了目前对虾形草等海洋沉水植物种子的研究资料, 为虾形草海草种质库保护与海草床修复提供了建议和参考。 相似文献
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Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level. 相似文献
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鲸具胎生、哺乳、用肺呼吸、体温恒定等典型哺乳动物的特征,由于终生生活在水中,体型庞大。要保持正常的体温和代谢活动。必须消耗大量食物来补充能量。因此,了解鲸的食性、摄食方式及其与渔业的关系就显得十分重要。按摄食方式的不同将须鲸划为过滤型,齿鲸为捕食型;按食物组成和摄食方法的不同,将齿鲸又分成三大类型：食乌贼型、食肉型和食鱼型;须鲸则为食浮游生物型。同时探讨了鲸类造成渔业的损失：直接摄食、毁坏渔具、妨碍作业、争食渔网内的渔获物、驱散鱼群造成鱼捕捞量降低等。渔业对鲸类的主要影响表现为：误捕、食物短缺和噪音等． 相似文献
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Malcolm R. Clark 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(3):339-363
The food and feeding habits of hoki (Macruronus novaezelandiae), southern blue whiting (Micromesistius australis), javelin fish (Lepi‐dorhynchus denticulatus), ling (Genypterus blacodes), smooth rattail (Coelorinchus aspercephalus), silverside (Argentina elongata), and small‐scaled notothenid (Notothenia microlepidota) sampled from the Campbell Plateau in 1979 were examined. The importance of prey items in the diet has been assessed by an ‘index of relative importance’, which combines measurements of frequency of occurrence, number, and weight of prey. Hoki, southern blue whiting, and javelin fish are pelagic feeders. Hoki preyed largely on natant decapod crustaceans, amphipods, and myctophid and photichthyid fishes. The main prey of southern blue whiting were amphipods, natant decapods, and euphausiids. Javelin fish fed on natant decapods, amphipods, and small squid. Seasonal and regional differences in feeding, and dietary changes with length of fish were evident. Ling, smooth rattail, silverside, and small‐scaled notothenid are predominantly benthic feeders. Ling preyed on natant decapods, macrourid fishes, and small hoki. The diet of rattail comprised natant decapod crustaceans, opal fishes (Hemerocoetes spp.), and poly‐chaetes. Silverside fed almost solely on salps. Salps, amphipods, brachyuran crustaceans, and opal fishes were the main prey of small‐scaled notothenid. 相似文献
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Sediment properties, such as water content and density, have been used to estimate the dry and wet weights, as well as the volume of sediment recovered and discharged, during benthic impact experiments conducted in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. The estimates show that the weights of dry (355-1332 t) and wet sediment (1651-4888 t) recovered during the experiments, are not only a function of the total duration and distance covered during the experiment, but also depend on water content and density of the sediment. Estimation of dry sediment and its volumetric ratio in the discharge, are key parameters for calculating the discharged volume. The estimated volume of wet sediment recovered (1427-4049 m 3 ) as well as discharged (2693-6951 m 3 ) during the experiments, provide important inputs to evaluate the sediment resettlement and migration. Using these estimates, the average depth of excavation on the seafloor, can also been calculated. However, the stages of sediment recovery and discharge are expressed differently in some of the experiments. In order to standardize these, different stages have been identified, and definitions of certain terms have been suggested, for use in the future. The methods of calculating different properties, as well as weight and volume of discharged sediment are described in the paper for use in other applications concerning deep-sea discharges. 相似文献
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ArA,EPA和DHA在水生动物中应用的研究进展 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
ArA,EPA和DHA是水生动物卵巢中卵磷脂、精子中的磷脂酰乙醇胺以及卵母细胞等的主要组成成分,能够影响产卵率、受精率、卵径大小、卵黄囊的体积、孵化率及存活率等,这三种必需脂肪酸在细胞结构、物质代谢和能量调节等方面具有重要作用,能够维持细胞通透性,增强消化酶活性,从而促进水生动物的生长;还能够影响细胞吞噬能力及呼吸爆发强度,并可以通过控制与免疫相关的酶活性以及类二十烷的产生而增强水生动物机体的免疫能力;其中的ArA可以通过调节皮质醇以及其他未知途径调节水生动物抵抗各种应激的能力。对这三种高度不饱和脂肪酸对水生动物生长、繁殖、免疫功能的影响和抗应激能力以及三者之间的关系作了综述并提出了问题和展望,以期对水产养殖提供理论参考。 相似文献