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1.
南海夏季风爆发前后扰动演变及其数值研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以球面正压涡度方程为数学模型，建立了线性和非线性的数值积分模式，通过在模式中设置不同的基本流场和初始扰动场，研究基流和初始场对扰动发展的作用，揭示在球面正压大气中扰动发展的动力学机制。数值试验结果表明:在线性模式中，扰动的移动和发展与基流的分布有着很密切的关系，基流影响着扰动纬向传播的速度和方向； 在非线性模式中，当基流稳定时，扰动的移动以及传播与线性模式的结果相同，但与线性情况的最大区别在于，此时扰动能量的增长存在上限。同时发现，扰动的发展既依赖于基本气流的分布，也依赖初始扰动的结构；南海夏季风爆发前后的基本流场是正压不稳定的，且这种不稳定在季风爆发时达到最强，这可以成为季风爆发的动力学解释。 相似文献
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数值天气预报和气候预测可预报性研究的若干动力学方法 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
简要回顾了数值天气预报和气候预测可预报性研究的若干动力学方法,包括用于研究第一类可预报性问题的线性奇异向量（LSV）和条件非线性最优初始扰动（CNOP-I）方法,以及Lyapunov指数和非线性局部Lyapunov指数方法。前两种方法用于研究预报或预测的预报误差问题,可以用于估计天气预报和气候预测的最大预报误差,而且根据导致最大预报误差的初始误差结构的信息,这两种方法可以用于确定预报或预测的初值敏感区。应该指出的是,LSV是基于线性化模式,对于描述非线性大气和海洋的运动具有局限性。因而,对于非线性模式,应该选择使用CNOP-I估计最大预报误差。Lyapunov指数和非线性局部Lyapunov指数可以用于研究第一类可预报性问题中的预报时限问题,前者是基于线性模式,不能解释非线性对预报时限的影响,而非线性局部Lyapunov指数方法则考虑了非线性的影响,能够较好地估计实际天气和气候的预报时限。第二类可预报性问题的研究方法相对较少,本文仅介绍了由我国科学家提出的关于模式参数扰动的条件非线性最优参数扰动（CNOP-P）方法,该方法可以用于寻找到对预报有最大影响的参数扰动,并可以进一步确定哪些参数最应该利用观测资料进行校准。另一方面,通过对比CNOP-I和CNOP-P对预报误差的影响,可以判断导致预报不确定性的主要误差因子,进而指导人们着力改进模式或者初始场。 相似文献
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在构建大涡结构理论模型的基础上,采用局部喷入和吸出的结构来模拟局部粗糙壁面诱导的感应扰动场,数值研究局部粗糙对大涡结构之间非线性作用的影响问题。数值结果表明,局部粗糙壁面诱导的感应扰动改变了原平均速度剖面的稳定性特性及感应扰动流场的三维性对激励大涡结构的快速增长起了关键性的作用。 相似文献
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夏季西风带定常扰动对东北亚阻塞高压的影响 总被引：6，自引：4，他引：6
利用ECMWF 1980～1988年9年的格点资料，分析了定常扰动与东北亚阻塞高压之间的关系。分析结果表明:定常扰动的分布对阻塞高压维持日数有着重要的影响，定常扰动的季节变化可以很好地说明阻塞高压冬季多在太平洋和大西洋上发生和维持，而夏季多在东北亚地区发生和维持的特征。此外，从定常扰动的分布可以看到，不仅中高纬地区上空的正距平强度可以影响着阻塞高压的发生和维持，其南侧的负距平强度也同样重要地影响着阻塞高压。分析结果还表明:不仅定常扰动的水平结构对阻高有着重要影响，其垂直结构亦有着重要影响。最后，对夏季定常扰动进行了波数域分析，表明在夏季定常扰动的作用主要通过其中所包含的行星波、特别是行星波1波来实现，定常扰动中行星波部分的振幅变化是影响阻塞高压发生和维持的重要物理机制。 相似文献
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基于分层先验思想,研究了适应于纵向数据的混合效应模型的Bayes局部影响,并根据纵向数据既包含个体又包含个体不同状态的特点,提出了两种便于合理分析数据的扰动方案,导出模型在上述各种扰动下效应参数的Bayes局部影响度量,最后给出实例。 相似文献
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本对斜交型扰动不稳定谱点的分布做了理论分析，得到了该谱点分布的半圆定理一该谱点分布在复一面上以原点为圆心以R0为半径的上半平面上，同时还对该不稳定增长率的上界作了估计。发现水平永度越小，模式顶越高则该估计值越大；垂直风切变的增大和纬度的增高对该增长率的增大有正贡献；当层结稳定度减小时，最大增长率随相对最大增长率得增大而减小。 相似文献
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应用NCEP FNL(1°×1°)全球分析资料和动能的空间尺度分解方法,对2014年8月25—27日一次高原切变线过程进行了能量诊断分析。结果表明:低层扰动动能的增幅与高原切变线的发生发展密切相关,在切变线的生成阶段至成熟阶段,扰动动能增加为切变线的发生发展提供了能量保障;平均动能变化大体与扰动动能呈相反趋势,在切变线生成阶段和发展阶段,中低层平均动能随时间减小。在影响动能变化的各因子中,斜压转换项贡献最大;在切变线生成阶段,低层平均动能与扰动动能间的转换对扰动动能变化影响明显。背景场和扰动场的相互作用使得扰动动能增大而平均动能减小,构成动能的降尺度串级,这种能量串级转换有利于中尺度的高原切变线生成。 相似文献
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涡旋Rossby波传播和台风切向风速变化的数值研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
余锦华 《南京气象学院学报》2003,26(2):172-180
设计了一个高分辨率f平面准地转正压涡度方程半谱模式，用以研究非线性对台风切向风速变化，以及不同初始异常条件下台风环流内涡旋Rossby波传播和台风切向风速变化特征。6类(14组)试验的数值结果表明：非线性使台风切向风速的增强减弱，可能使最大风速半径收缩。初始扰动中心位置对涡旋Rossby波传播和台风切向风速变化的影响明显。扰动中心在最大风速半径附近时，台风最大切向风速增强最多；异常中心在台风外区时，使最大切向风速减小。初始异常尺度(范围)减小对台风最大切向风速变化的影响减弱。双涡分布条件下，台风环流外区的涡旋使内区或近眼壁区对流涡旋对台风最大切向风速的影响减弱。 相似文献
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对流凝结加热与不稳定波 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8
本文用综合考虑Ekman-CISK和CMM-CISK机制的柱对称模型,讨论了对流凝结加热廓线对不稳定波的影响。分析和计算结果表明,对流凝结加热廓线对不稳定波有显著影响。 通过CISK 机制对流凝结加热不仅可以产生常定不稳定波并且还可以产生一种有周期性变化的振荡型不稳定波,低层有最大的凝结加热分布更有利于振荡型不稳定波的产生。积云摩擦作用是形成最不稳定波的波长选择性的重要因素,而凝结加热廓线也对这种选择性有直接影响。不稳定波的垂直结构随加热廓线的不同而有明显的差异。 对流凝结加热廓线还直接影响能量的产生和转换。最大加热层越高,则产生最大有效扰动位能的高度就越高。更有意义的是,这时有效扰动位能向扰动动能转换的效率也愈高。因此,对流凝结加热廓线的不同可能是热带低压扰动仅部分发展为台风而另一些不能发展的重要原因之一。 相似文献
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用付里叶方法求解正压无辐散涡度方程,把初始扰动分别加在中纬或低纬,求得这些扰动在低纬或中纬度产生的作用。结果表明:这种作用都是不能忽视的,而且中纬扰动对低纬度流场产生的影响比相同的低纬扰动对中纬度的影响要大。 相似文献
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Isabella M. Angelini Michael Garstang Robert E. Davis Bruce Hayden David R. Fitzjarrald David R. Legates Steven Greco Stephen Macko Vickie Connors 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2011,105(1-2):243-261
Recent studies suggest that vegetation can drive large-scale atmospheric circulations and substantially influence the hydrologic cycle. We present observational evidence to quantify the extent of coupling between vegetation and the overlying atmosphere. Within the context of vegetation–atmospheric interactions, we reanalyze existing climatological data from springtime leaf emergence, emissivity, dew point temperatures, and historical records of precipitation and forest coverage. We construct new rainfall transects based on a robust global climatology. Using isotopic analysis of precipitation, we find that rain in Amazonia comes primarily from large-scale weather systems coupling interior regions to the ocean and is not directly driven by local evaporation. We find that changes in vegetative cover and state influence the temperature and moisture content of the surface and atmospheric boundary layer but are not reflected in observable precipitation changes. This analysis reaffirms the view that changes in precipitation over continental reaches are a product of complex processes only partly influenced but not controlled by local water sources or vegetation. 相似文献
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This article presents some results of an investigation of sulphur atmospheric deposition in areas with different anthropogenic loads in Belarus. Through sampling and chemical analysis of precipitation, new data about sulphate concentrations in precipitation and atmospheric deposition of sulphur in different conditions, including regional background conditions, a large industrial city and a zone affected by point source of sulphur emission, were obtained. Comparison of the chemical composition of precipitation at three sampling locations has shown that the local emission of sulphur compounds has a minor influence on local sulphur deposition. This data points to the dominant role of transboundary transfer of sulphur in contamination and acidification of the environment in Belarus. 相似文献
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The Relationship between Total Ozone and Local Climate at Kunming Using Dobson and TOMS Data 
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下载免费PDF全文 This paper uses Dobson spectrometer total ozone data,Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer(TOMS) data and radiosonde reports from Kunming,which is located in southwest China,from 1980 to 2008 to analyze the total ozone-climate relationship.The total ozone decadal long-term trend and abrupt change were studied using enhanced Dobson data whose missing data were amended by the TOMS data.Stepwise linear regression was used for the selection of the key factors that influence total ozone,including temperatures,geopotential heights,depressions of the dew point,wind velocities,and total solar radiation.The relationship between the selected factors and total ozone was analyzed using the methods of stepwise regression and partial least squares regression(PLSR).Results showed that although the PLSR method was slightly better and more reasonable to study the relationship than stepwise regression,while the two regression results were only slightly different.It was also suggested that local climate,especially local circulation and temperature,were important for the variations in total ozone,and the local climate could almost linearly explain 80% of the variance of total ozone.The relationship also indicated that the abrupt change of total ozone in the year 1994 may be related to abrupt local climate change. 相似文献
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Summary The present paper is the continuation of two recent studies investigating the foehn-like valley wind system around Mittenwald
(Bavarian Isar Valley). We deal with the synoptic/mesoscale conditions causing the local foehn (“Minifoehn”), considering
field campaigns from both the mesoscale and the climatological point of view. Furthermore, we describe the structure and further
features of the local foehn at smaller scales, using both the results of the VERTIKATOR field campaign and numerical simulations.
We obtain as a new result that the foehn-caused local warm air pool around Mittenwald induces slight nocturnal upvalley winds
between an adjacent valley basin located some 8 km north of Mittenwald and the basin of Mittenwald. Furthermore, a weak northerly
flow may also occur at Mittenwald prior to the onset of the Minifoehn. Numerical simulations indicate that the local pressure
gradient responsible for this phenomenon is related to a gravity wave forming over the hill range southwest of Mittenwald.
Observations within a five-year period indicate that Minifoehn frequently occurs when ambient winds coming from the southern
sector are predominant, but, contrary to deep foehn, weather conditions with northerly synoptic-scale flows do not necessarily
exclude the development of the local foehn which comes from the southwest. We also present further evidence that in the presence
of southerly synoptic-scale winds, orographic gravity waves interact with the drainage flow. Another new result is that strong
synoptic-scale westerly winds are able to suppress the occurrence of Minifoehn. In addition, the possible influence of the
Inn Valley wind system as well as dynamical differences between the thermally driven up- and downvalley winds are briefly
discussed. 相似文献
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国家气候观象台建设观测环境问题 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
城市化对全国气象台站观测环境造成了严重影响.针对国家气候观象台建设中观测环境的评估和新选址问题进行了讨论.国家气候观象台的环境选择必须较好地反映本地较大范围的气象要素特点.避免局部地形、障碍物或者人为因素的影响.观测环境下垫面与区域地表一致有利于真实反映区域的实际情况,但在部分陆面特征中,农业生产也会对部分气象要素的观测造成影响,这些在具体观测项目中要作具体考虑.对于受城市化影响的气象台站,在新建国家气候观象台的同时保留原观测站是比较好的选择. 相似文献
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对2016年8月27日芒市地区产生局地强对流天气的雷达回波资料进行分析。分析结果表明:这是一次典型的对流单体和飑线系统汇合加强影响下产生的短时强对流天气,RCS剖面对流高度能直观反应出单点强对流的发展情况;飑线生成、发展壮大过程中,飑线产生的短时强降水和雷暴天气是逐步加强的,而飑线系统与强对流风暴合并短时内导致雷暴天气加强和降雨量增大;飑线衰弱过程与雷达二次产品SS中的最大反射率所在位置高度的递减规律趋势符合,是飑线系统减弱的预报指标。这次强对流过程从天气形势上未做出准确预报,希望从多普勒天气雷达产品资料分析中得出的预报特征能帮助今后提前发布强对流天气预警。 相似文献
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In the context of a changing climate, there is an urgent need to better understand the impact that weather disturbances have on food affordability in the developing world. While the influence of international markets on local food markets has received considerable attention, in contrast, the potential influence of weather disturbances on local food markets has received much less attention. In fact, local weather disturbances may have an adverse impact on the poorest households in developing countries. Here we quantify the short-run impact of both weather disturbances as well as international price changes on monthly food prices across 554 local commodity markets in 51 countries during the period between 2008 and 2012. We find that almost 20% of local market prices were affected by domestic weather disturbances in the short run, 9% by international price changes and 4% by both domestic weather disturbances and international price changes during the period. An improved understanding of the magnitude and relative importance of weather disturbances and international price changes on rural economies will inform public policies that are designed to mitigate the impact of adverse weather disturbances. 相似文献