共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 546 毫秒
1.
风廓线雷达已在我国得到大范围的业务布网应用,现有业务产品主要为风场信息。为了充分发挥风廓线雷达的作用,获取更多的天气过程信息,该文提出仅使用风廓线雷达返回信号功率谱进行数据定标（DCNP）的方法。使用雷达系统噪声功率对返回信号功率谱单位幅度进行标校计算,基于标校后的雷达探测功率谱分布数据计算回波强度功率谱密度分布、回波强度、大气折射率结构常数。利用2017年北京风廓线雷达、2016年南京风廓线雷达和2018年梅州风廓线雷达观测数据,对我国业务运行的3种主要型号风廓线雷达进行算法评估试验。定标方法的计算结果稳定,风廓线雷达不同探测模式之间的一致性较好。使用每个测站定标结果与相邻天气雷达数据进行比较,风廓线雷达回波强度定标结果与天气雷达也有较好的一致性。DCNP方法与基于信噪比（SNR）的强度计算方法进行比较,与SNR方法相比,DCNP方法定标结果更加稳定可靠。 相似文献
2.
随着风廓线雷达技术的发展,高空风探测参量越来越多,数据精度不断提高,探测能力得到了极大提升。评估风廓线雷达数据置信度是风廓线雷达应用中需要解决的重要问题。本文基于径向数据和风场合成两个阶段,在风廓线雷达数据反演过程中形成数据置信度算法,并引入噪声电平。同时,利用南京同站址风廓线雷达和探空1 a的资料进行匹配比对,对置信度算法性能进行评估,结果表明该置信度算法可行。将置信度算法植入风廓线雷达数据处理软件中,能实时输出含置信度的风廓线雷达产品数据,有利于预报人员合理使用置信度较高的风廓线雷达产品数据。对于置信度较差的产品数据进行分析,可有助于及时发现雷达的潜在故障。 相似文献
3.
4.
风廓线雷达包括边界层风廓线雷达、对流层风廓线雷达、可移动风廓线雷达等系列产品 ,在气象、军事、航空、航天及全球变化研究等方面具有广泛的用途。其中边界层风廓线雷达在大气边界层空气质量、中尺度天气预报、垂直风切变、湍流、尾涡流研究等方面发挥着很好的作用 ,特别是在对飞行有严重影响的低空风切变、下击暴流的研究方面 ,目前还没有其它可替代的探测产品。边界层风廓线雷达是多普勒雷达的一个分支 ,它能可靠地提供从近地面到高空约 3公里高度处连续的实时水平风分量、垂直风分量、水平风分量垂直剖面图以及从近地面到高空约 1 5公… 相似文献
5.
垂直散度廓线可用于推断大气垂直运动情况,垂直温度平流廓线可用于推断大气层结是否稳定,有助于预报员推断本站降水演变趋势。鉴于我国多普勒天气雷达中还没有垂直散度和温度平流廓线产品,提出了这两种产品的反演方法。首先使用分层VVP方法从雷达体扫径向速度资料中反演出雷达站上空的垂直风廓线和垂直散度廓线,然后在假设大气处于地转平衡条件下,基于温度平流与地转风随高度的变化关系,从垂直风廓线中反演出垂直温度平流廓线。以两次大范围暴雨天气过程为例,反演了雷达站上空的垂直风廓线、散度廓线和温度平流廓线,并对反演结果进行了分析。结果表明:在雷达周围有大范围降水回波的情况下,使用分层VVP方法能合理地反演出雷达站上空的垂直风廓线和散度廓线;在这种情况下,反演的垂直风廓线代表各个高度雷达有效探测范围内的平均水平风,可近似满足地转平衡条件,因此,使用热成风方程能较为合理地从垂直风廓线中反演出垂直温度平流廓线;三个反演产品的合理性可用天气学理论和天气实况来解释。 相似文献
6.
本研究提出了一种在边界层风廓线雷达连续运行的降水探测时段中对降水频谱进行在线分析的新的应用方式。详细介绍了边界层风廓线雷达在线分析原理和方法。同时结合典型降水频谱个例,分析了可获得的多个潜在的气象参数和信息。并指出,该在线分析方式的实施可以使风廓线雷达的应用领域从晴空探测向降水测量拓展;有效缓解当前风廓线雷达应用存在的瓶颈问题;间接证明边界层风廓线雷达组网间距不固定的观点。文章分析说明,随着在线分析方式的推广应用,边界层风廓线雷达将成为单站精细化气象探测和预报/服务的重要工具。 相似文献
7.
8.
3000Q型车载式边界层风廓线雷达测风资料的验证 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
利用L波段无线电探空仪、GPS探空仪及Vaisala边界层风廓线雷达,与3000Q型车载式边界层风廓线雷达进行对比观测,验证其测量值的准确性。多次对比试验结果表明,3000Q型风廓线雷达与其他测风手段的观测结果具有较好的一致性,所测得风速、风向值之间的差异不明显。 相似文献
9.
南京风廓线雷达测量性能评估及应用初探 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
对2012年以来南京市江宁区边界层风廓线雷达每6 min的风场资料质量进行了评估,并对其在暴雨、大雾以及风切变等灾害性天气监测的应用进行了探讨。研究表明:南京风廓线雷达自投入使用以来,能够连续、稳定地获取边界层风场,四季的大部分资料获取率达80%以上,但是自2013年秋季—2014年春季的580~1 130 m层次出现获取率相对较低区,并在2014年春、夏季在770 m高度以下获取出现隔层不连续的现象(获取率50%)。通过对比每日两次的探空资料发现,边界层风廓线雷达探测得到的水平风速与常规探空资料观测基本一致,两者的偏差标准差基本在2.5 m·s~(-1)附近。夏季两种资料的匹配度最高,而冬季匹配度最差,其中大风事件与低匹配度事件有一定的联系,有必要进一步进行质量控制以提升资料质量。进一步利用雷达风廓线资料计算了南京地区垂直风切变事件的季节变化,发现冬半年中度以上等级的垂直风切变事件发生频率明显大于夏半年,其中冬季严重事件发生频率能达3%。 相似文献
10.
垂直探测雷达的降水云分类方法在北京地区的应用 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
风廓线雷达采用相干累积技术提高雷达探测灵敏度,用于对降水云体进行垂直探测,能获取高分辨率的云体返回信号的全谱信息。利用多年降水天气统计资料,针对北京延庆地区降水特征,提出了基于风廓线雷达谱参数(回波强度、速度和谱宽)的降水云分类方案。该方案将降水资料分为浅对流、浅层状云、深对流、深层状云、混合—排除和混合—包含等六种降水类型。根据该方案,利用风廓线雷达结合双偏振雷达和自动雨量站观测资料,对2012年9月1日和2013年6月27日发生在延庆地区的两次降水天气过程进行了分析。结果表明,风廓线雷达谱参数垂直廓线可以较好的描述降水云体的垂直结构,回波强度廓线发展趋势与地面降水量趋势吻合较好。当降水存在对流时,地面降水量出现明显增大,同时伴随着大速度值区和高空大谱宽值区。利用基于风廓线雷达的分类方案识别降水云,可以降低降水类型误判的几率。 相似文献
11.
A statistical regression downscaling method was used to project future changes in precipitation over eastern China based on Phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project （CMIPS） the Representative Concentration Pathway （RCP） scenarios simulated by the second spectral version of the Flexible Global Ocean- Atmosphere-Land System （FGOALS-s2） model. Our val- idation results show that the downscaled time series agree well with the present observed precipitation in terms of both the annual mean and the seasonal cycle. The regres- sion models built from the historical data are then used to generate future projections. The results show that the en- hanced land-sea thermal contrast strengthens both the subtropical anticyclone over the western Pacific and the east Asian summer monsoon flow under both RCPs. However, the trend of precipitation in response to warming over the 21 st century are different across eastern Chi- na under different RCPs. The area to the north of 32°N is likely to experience an increase in annual mean precipitation, while for the area between 23°N and 32°N mean precipitation is projected to decrease slightly over this century under RCP8.5. The change difference between scenarios mainly exists in the middle and late century. The land-sea thermal contrast and the associated east Asian summer monsoon flow are stronger, such that precipitation increases more, at higher latitudes under RCP8.5 compared to under RCP4.5. For the region south of 32°N, rainfall is projected to increase slightly under RCP4.5 but decrease under RCP8.5 in the late century. At the high resolution of 5 km, our statistically downscaled results for projected precipitation can be used to force hydrological models to project hydrological processes, which will be of great benefit to regional water planning and management. 相似文献
12.
Trends in six indices of precipitation in China for seasons during 1961-2007 were analyzed based on daily observations at 587 stations. The trends were estimated by using Sen＇s method with Mann-Kendall＇s test for quantifying the significance. The geographical patterns of trends in the seasonal indices of extremes were similar to those of total precipitation. For winter, both total and extreme precipitation increased over nearly all of China, except for a small part of northern China. Increasing trends in extreme precipitation also occurred at many stations in southwestern China for spring and the midlower reaches of the Yangtze River and southern China for summer. For autumn, precipitation decreased in eastern China, with an increasing length of maximum dry spell, implying a drying tendency for the post-rainy season. Wetting trends have prevailed in most of western China for all seasons. The well-known ＇flood in the south and drought in the north＇ trend exists in eastern China for summer, while a nearly opposite trend pattern exist for spring. 相似文献
13.
Seasonal Prediction of the Global Precipitation Annual Modes with the Grid-Point Atmospheric Model of IAP LASG 
下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 A right annual cycle is of critical importance for a model to improve its seasonal prediction skill. This work assesses the performance of the Grid-point Atmospheric Model of IAP LASG （GAMIL） in retrospective prediction of the global precipitation annual modes for the 1980 2004 period. The annual modes are gauged by a three-parameter metrics： the long-term annual mean and two major modes of annual cycle （AC）, namely, a solstitial mode and an equinoctial asymmetric mode. The results demonstrate that the GAMIL one-month lead prediction is basically able to capture the major patterns of the long-term annual mean as well as the first AC mode （the solstitial monsoon mode）. The GAMIL has deficiencies in reproducing the second AC mode （the equinoctial asymmetric mode）. The magnitude of the GAMIL prediction tends to be greater than the observed precipitation, especially in the sea areas including the Arabian Sea, the Bay of Bengal （BOB）, and the western North Pacific （WNP）. These biases may be due to underestimation of the convective activity predicted in the tropics, especially over the western Pacific warm pool （WPWP） and its neighboring areas. It is suggested that a more accurate parameterization of convection in the tropics, especially in the Maritime Continent, the WPWP and its neighboring areas, may be critical for reproducing the more realistic annual modes, since the enhancement of convective activity over the WPWP and its vicinity can induce suppressed convection over the WNP, the BOB, and the South Indian Ocean where the GAMIL produces falsely vigorous convections. More efforts are needed to improve the simulation not only in monsoon seasons but also in transitional seasons when the second AC mode takes place. Selection of the one-tier or coupled atmosphere-ocean system may also reduce the systematic error of the GAMIL prediction. These results offer some references for improvement of the GAMIL seasonal prediction skill. 相似文献
14.
Thermal convective precipitation （TCP） often occurs over mainland China in summer when the area is dominated by the western Pacific subtropical high （WPSH）. It is well known that the WPSH often brings about large scale subsidence, then why could deep moist convection occur and where does the water vapor come from？ In this paper, a deep convective precipitation case that happened on 2 August 2003 is studied in order to address these two questions. First, the characteristics of the TCP event are analyzed using the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission （TRMM） satellite data, automatic weather station observations, and the data from the US National Centers for Environmental Prediction （NCEP）. Second, water vapor sources are identified through examining surface evaporation, water vapor advection, and water vapor flux divergence calculated by using a regionally averaged water vapor budget equation. Furthermore, using an Advanced Regional Eta-coordinate Model （AREM）, contributions of sensible and latent heat fluxes to the TCP are compared through four sensitivity experiments. The results show that in the regions controlled by the WPSH, surface temperature rises rapidly after sunrise. Upon receiving enough sensible heat, the air goes up and leads to convergence in the lower atmosphere. Then the water vapor assembled from the surroundings and the ground surface is transported to the upper levels, and a favorable environment for the TCP forms. A model data diagnosis indicates that about half of precipitable water comes from the convergence of horizontal fluxes of water vapor, and the other half from surface evaporation, while little is from advection. Additional sensitivity experiments prove that both sensible and latent heating are essential for the onset of the TCP. The sensible heat flux triggers thermodynamic ascending motion, and the latent heat flux provides water vapor, but the contribution to TCP from the latter is a little smaller than that from the former. 相似文献
15.
Simulation of the Microphysical Processes and Effect of Latent Heat on a Heavy Rainfall Event in Beijing 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 An extraordinary rainstorm that occurred in Beijing on 21 July 2012 was simulated using the Weather Research and Forecasting model. The results showed that：（1） The two precipitation phases were based on a combination of cold cloud processes and warm cloud processes. The accumulated conversion amount and conversion rate of microphysical processes in the warm-area phase were all much larger than those in the cold front phase.（2） 72.6% of rainwater was from the warm-area phase. Rainwater mainly came from the melting of graupel and the melting of snow, while the accretion of cloud water by rain ranked second.（3） The net heating rate with height appeared as an overall warming with two strong heating centers in the lower and middle layers of the troposphere and a minimum heating center around the melting layer. The net heating effect in the warm-area phase was stronger than that in the cold front phase.（4） Warm cloud processes contributed most to latent heat release, and the thermal effect of cold cloud processes on the storm in the cold front phase was enhanced compared to that in the warm-area phase.（5） The melting of graupel and snow contributed most to latent heat absorption, and the effect of the evaporation of rainwater was significantly reduced in the cold front phase. 相似文献
16.
A Case Study of Impact of FY-2C Satellite Data in Cloud Analysis to Improve Short-Range Precipitation Forecast 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Chinese FengYun-2C（FY-2C） satellite data were combined into the Local Analysis and Prediction System（LAPS） model to obtain three-dimensional cloud parameters and rain content. These parameters analyzed by LAPS were used to initialize the Global/Regional Assimilation and Prediction System model（GRAPES） in China to predict precipitation in a rainstorm case in the country. Three prediction experiments were conducted and were used to investigate the impacts of FY-2C satellite data on cloud analysis of LAPS and on short range precipitation forecasts. In the first experiment, the initial cloud fields was zero value. In the second, the initial cloud fields were cloud liquid water, cloud ice, and rain content derived from LAPS without combining the satellite data. In the third experiment, the initial cloud fields were cloud liquid water, cloud ice, and rain content derived from LAPS including satellite data. The results indicated that the FY-2C satellite data combination in LAPS can show more realistic cloud distributions, and the model simulation for precipitation in 1–6 h had certain improvements over that when satellite data and complex cloud analysis were not applied. 相似文献
17.
A new present weather identifier（PWI） based on occlusion and scattering techniques is presented in the study. The present weather parameters are detectable by the meteorological optical range（MOR） approximately up to 50 km and by droplets with diameters ranging from 0.125 mm to 22 mm with velocities up to 16 m s-1. The MOR error is less than 8% for the MOR within 10 km and less than 15% for farther distances. Moreover, the size errors derived from various positions of the light sheet by the particles were checked within ± 0.1 mm ± 5%. The comparison shows that the MOR, in a sudden shower event, is surprisingly consistent with those of the sentry visibility sensors（SVS） with a correlation coefficient up to 98%. For the rain amounts derived from the size and velocity of the droplets, the daily sums by the PWI agree within 10% of those by the Total Rain Weighing Sensor（TRwS205） and the rain gauge. Combined with other sensors such as temperature, humidity, and wind, the PWI can serve as a present weather sensor to distinguish several weather types such as fog, haze, mist, rain, hail, and drizzle. 相似文献
18.
The Relationship between the East Asian Subtropical Westerly Jet and Summer Precipitation over East Asia as Simulated by the IAP AGCM4.0 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Based on a 30-year Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project（AMIP） simulation using IAP AGCM4.0, the relationship between the East Asian subtropical westerly jet（EASWJ） and summer precipitation over East Asia has been investigated, and compared with observation. It was found the meridional displacement of the EASWJ has a closer relationship with the precipitation over East Asia both from model simulation and observation, with an anomalous southward shift of EASWJ being conducive to rainfall over the Yangtze-Huaihe River Valley（YHRV）, and an anomalous northward shift resulting in less rainfall over the YHRV. However, the simulated precipitation anomalies were found to be weaker than observed from the composite analysis, and this would be related to the weakly reproduced mid-upper-level convergence in the mid-high latitudes and ascending motion in the lower latitudes. 相似文献
19.
The Soil Moisture and Net Primary Production Affected by CO_2 and Climate Change Using a Coupled Model 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 In this paper, a coupled model was used to estimate the responses of soil moisture and net primary production of vegetation （NPP） to increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration and climate change. The analysis uses three experiments simulated by the second-generation Earth System Model （CanESM2） of the Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis （CCCma）, which are part of the phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project （CMIP5）. The authors focus on the magnitude and evolution of responses in soil moisture and NPP using simulations modeled by CanESM, in which the individual effects of increasing CO2 concentration and climate change and their combined effect are separately accounted for. When considering only the single effect of climate change, the soil moisture and NPP have a linear trend of 0.03 kg m^-2 yr^-1 and-0.14 gC m^- 2 yr^-2, respec- tively. However, such a reduction in the global NPP results from the decrease of NPP at lower latitudes and in the Southern Hemisphere, although increased NPP has been shown in high northern latitudes. The largest negative trend is located in the Amazon basin at -1.79 gC m^-2 yr^-2. For the individual effect of increasing CO2 concentration, both soil moisture and NPP show increases, with an elevated linear trend of 0.02 kg m^-2 yr^-1 and 0.84 gC m^-2 yr^-2, respectively. Most regions show an increasing NPP, except Alaska. For the combined effect of increasing atmospheric CO2 and climate change, the increased soil moisture and NPP exhibit a linear trend of 0.04 kg m^2 yr^-1 and 0.83 gC m^2 yr^-2 at a global scale. In the Amazon basin, the higher reduction in soil moisture is illustrated by the model, with a linear trend of-0.39 kg m^-2 yr^-1, for the combined effect. Such a change in soil moisture is caused by a weakened Walker circulation simulated by this coupled model, compared with the single effect of increasing CO2 concentration （experiment M2）, and a consequence of the reduction in NPP is also shown in this area, with a linear trend of- 相似文献
20.
CHAO Na JI Dong-Sheng CHEN Jia-Shan XIN Jin-Yuan HU Bo WANG Yue-Si WANG Hui MENG Ze 《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(4):340-345
Measurements of gaseous pollutants （03, NOx, SO2, and CO） were conducted at Dinghushan background station in southern China from January to December 2013. The levels and variations of O3, NOx, SO2, and CO were analyzed and their possible causes discussed. The annual average concentrations of 03, NOx, SO2, and CO were 24.6 ± 23.9, 12.8 ± 10.2, 4.0 ± 4.8, and 348 ± 185 ppbv, respectively. The observed levels of the gaseous pollutants are comparable to those at other background sites in China. The most obvious diurnal variation of 03 was observed in autumn, with minima in the early morning and maxima in the afternoon. The diurnal variations of SO2 showed high values during the day. The diurnal cycles of NOx showed higher values in the morning and lower values during the night. Higher CO concentrations were observed in spring followed by winter, autumn, and summer. Biomass burning, in combination with the transport of regional pollution, is an important source of CO, SO2, and NOx in spring and winter. Backward trajectories were calculated and analyzed together with corresponding pollutant concentrations. The results indicate that air masses passing over polluted areas are responsible for the high concentrations of gaseous pollutants at the Dinghushan background station. 相似文献