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1.
邻近城市土壤重金属对九龙江口沉积土壤的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
在研究建立于漳州地区生态地球化学调查基础上,对河口湾沉积物的重金属与人口高度集中的城市地区土壤重金属的分布特征进行了对比,分析了人为活动对河口的影响,结果表明,城区与河口湾表层样品都舍有相对区域基准值较高的Hg、Cd,而且Hg富集系数要远高于Cd的富集系数。分析两种元素来源与迁移方式可知,Hg由于可通过气态形式迁移而对河口影响更大。城区与河口湾样品的重金属进行聚类分析与主因子分析结果表明：城区土壤的As、Zn、Mo、Ni、Cr和Mn主要来自基岩来源。Pb、Se、Cd可以作为人为污染的指示元素,Hg、Sn显示与其他元素具有相对独立的行为。河口湾的元素组合与城区重金属基本相似,但Pb、Cu、Se、Mo、Cd显示出两种因素都有较大影响,可以指示人为影响与基岩源的双重作用。  相似文献   

2.
黄河口沉积物重金属含量变化特征研究   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11  
在黄河口的平水期、枯水期和丰水期采集沉积物样品。分析了铜、铅、锌、镉、铬、砷、汞浓度.结果表明,黄河口沉积物样品中的重金属含量由河到海呈现先上升后下降的趋势,平水期和枯水期Cd、Cr、As呈显著相关(0.01水平)。重金属含量为平水期>枯水期>丰水期。水文特征严重影响到沉积物中重金属的迁移。沉积物中重金属含量和沉积物的粒度密切相关.粒度越小重金属含量越高,反映了河流沉积的特征。沉积物中重金属浓度较低。各项目基本上都符合海洋沉积物质量一类标准。  相似文献   

3.
对长江口及其邻近海域表层沉积物中重金属Cu、Mn、Pb、Zn、Cr、Fe、Hg、Cd的含量分布以及富集状况进行分析,并采用Hakanson潜在生态危害指数法评价该海域中Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr、Hg、Cd污染的程度及其潜在的生态危害,结果表明:长江口及其邻近海域表层沉积物中Cu、Mn、Pb、Zn、Cr、Fe的分布特征表现为由近岸向远岸递减的趋势,整体上象山县和舟山群岛近岸海域的含量高于研究区北部含量;Hg在长江口南端含量较高,呈由西向东递减的趋势;Cd在长江口南端以及象山县东含量较高,在研究区中部含量较低。潜在生态危害评价结果表明,长江口及其邻近海域表层沉积物只有部分站点处于生态危害的中等级别,大多站点生态危害轻微,污染程度顺序为Cd>Hg>Cu>Pb>Cr>Zn;对长江口及其邻近海域生态环境具有潜在影响的重金属元素首先是Cd,其次是Hg。对底质环境质量进行系统聚类分析结果显示,象山县和长江口外以及济州岛西南近海海域的底质环境较差,应予以重视。  相似文献   

4.
大辽河口溶解态重金属的变化特征及影响因素研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  
分别于2009年7月和2010年4月在大辽河口采集表层水样,测定了水体中溶解态Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd和Cr的含量,并对其分布特征及影响因素进行探讨。结果表明:除2010年4月Cu,及个别站位Pb、Zn含量较高外,表层水重金属含量均达到国家一类海水水质标准。2010年4月表层水中Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr的浓度大于2009年7月,2航次Cu、Cd、Cr的含量由河向海呈逐渐上升趋势,2010年4月Pb、Zn的含量表现为河口段高于口外海滨。重金属的含量和分布主要受径流量、潮汐作用以及风浪扰动的影响。  相似文献   

5.
The estuarine behaviour of the metal load leaching from acid sulphate (AS) soils was studied in a selected river system (the V?r? River), in western Finland. Large amounts of metals were transported with the river and deposited within the estuary, causing highly elevated metal concentrations in both the sediment traps and in the underlying bottom sediments. Among the metals, there was a diverging deposition pattern where Al, Cu, La and U demonstrated a strong association with organic matter and were deposited within approximately 4 km from the river mouth. In contrast, the deposition of Co, Mn, Ni and Zn occurred when pH reached circumneutral conditions further out in the estuary. Yet other metals were not abundantly leached from the AS soils and thus not elevated in the river and estuary (Fe, Ti, Cr, V). Five separate chemical extractions indicated the geochemical speciation of the metals.  相似文献   

6.
研究了珠江口贫氧区表层沉积物中Cu,Pb,Zn,Cd,Fe和Mn含量的相互关系;探讨它们在迁移和固-液平衡过程相互作用的特征;研究了沉积物的环境因素和重要组分对其沉积-溶解作用的影响;研究了表层沉积物对它们的富集作用。结果发现,沉积物对Cu,Pb,Zn和Cd的富集系数(K)排列次序为K_(Cd)>K_(Pb)>K_(Cu)>K_(Zn)。K_(Cd)大于对照区和长江口的相应值。此结果说明,上述区域的表层沉积物中可能有自生的CdS。且贫氧水的表层沉积物中Fe,Mn,Cu,Pb和Cd的地球化学特性尚未有显著的改变。  相似文献   

7.
This paper presents the geochemical study of sediments along Ube, Suo-Oshima, and Kasado Bays in the Seto Inland Sea of Japan. We examined the distribution and abundances of 13 elements (As, Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni, Cr, Sr, Ca, Fe, Ti, P, Mn, and total S) in 40 coastal and river sediment samples, to evaluate the factors controlling their abundances, possible sources, and environmental implications. Average concentrations of As, Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni, and Cr at Ube were 12, 26, 86, 16, 43, and 92?mg/kg, 6, 25, 31, 8, 9, and 29?mg/kg at Kasado, and 5, 20, 28, 3, 5, and 18?mg/kg at Suo-Oshima, respectively. Average As, Pb, Zn, and Cr concentrations at Ube were comparable or enriched relative to those of the upper continental crust and Japan upper crust, whereas most major elements, Cu, and Ni were depleted at Kasado and Suo-Oshima. Enrichment factor values show low to moderate enrichment of Zn, Ni, and Cr, whereas As and Pb show significant contamination at some sites, suggesting contributions from anthropogenic sources. Anthropogenic contributions of most metals mainly originate from natural processes; however, As and Pb ranges of 73–79 and 66–81?%, respectively, confirm their anthropogenic contribution. Factor analysis and correlation matrices suggest that elevated metal concentrations at Ube, especially in samples located in the river basin, may be controlled by Fe–Mn oxy-hydroxides. Deposition of metals at Kasado and Suo-Oshima might be controlled by non-ferrous metal (i.e., aluminosilicates), sediment grain size, or source rock composition (granite and gneiss).  相似文献   

8.
The concentrations of the trace metals Cd, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb and Zn in the Göta River estuary have been investigated. The following metal fractions have been determined: acid-leachable, dissolved, labile and particulate.The estuary represents a salt wedge type estuary and is situated in a densely populated region of Sweden. The metal concentrations found for the dissolved fraction is in the range of what can be considered as background levels for freshwater. It is difficult to evaluate any estuarine processes other than conservative mixing for Cd, Cu, Ni and Zn. The dissolved levels in the freshwater end member are Cd, 9–25 ngl?1; Cu, 1·1–1·4 μgl?1; Fe, 20–75 μg l?1: Ni, 0·7–0·9 μg l?1: Pb 0·09–0·2 μg l?1; and Zn, 6–7 μg l?1:The results from the acid-leachable fraction show that at high suspended load the particles sediment in the river mouth. The trace metal levels in this fraction are subject to large variations.  相似文献   

9.
The macrobenthic community structure and characteristics of sediments were studied in samples collected seasonally at five stations in the lower mesotidal Douro estuary, Portugal. Sediment characterisation included grain size distribution, total-recoverable metals (Al, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Cr, Pb, Ni and Cd), acid-volatile sulphides (AVS) and simultaneously extracted metals (SEM) and total organic matter contents. Spatial variation surpassed temporal variation both in terms of environmental parameters and community structure. Clear anthropogenic contamination in terms of Zn, Cr, Cu and Pb, and a positive SEM-AVS, indicating the potential bioavailability of these metals, were detected on the north bank of the estuary. Multivariate analysis revealed that in addition to natural sediment characteristics, the anthropogenic metal contamination was influencing the macrobenthic community structure. In fact, greater concentrations of Zn, Cr, Cu and Pb were associated with lower number of species and/or diversity. Finally, the dry weight-normalised metal concentrations appeared as a more useful tool than the SEM-AVS model in predicting disturbance of the macrobenthic community in the studied area.  相似文献   

10.
Metal concentrations in sediments and clams in four Moroccan estuaries   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
Metals (Cd, Cu, Ni, Zn, Mn and Fe) were analyzed seasonally over three years in sediments and in tissues of the clam Scrobicularia plana in four Moroccan Atlantic estuaries: Loukkos, Sebou, Bou Regreg and Oum er Rbia. Of these metals, Cd was at the lowest concentrations in sediment. Concentrations of Cu, Zn, and to a lesser extent Ni, in sediments suggest greater contamination in Sebou and Bou Regreg than in the other estuaries. The fluctuations of Mn and Fe concentrations in the fine surface sediments reflect their continental origin and show seasonal variations that indicate soil run-off following rain events. Concentrations of Cu, Zn, and especially Ni in clam tissues in these estuaries were generally higher than in some other common bioindicator bivalve species. The seasonal variations in S. plana's tissue metal concentrations are linked to patterns of reproductive activity for all metals except Cd and possibly Zn, whose tissue concentrations may be regulated. Mn and Fe concentrations in S. plana were positively correlated to sediment levels of these metals.  相似文献   

11.
灌河是苏北地区最大、航运条件最好的入海河流。重金属元素分析显示,灌河口表层沉积物中Hg、As和Cu的含量高于背景值;Pb和Zn的含量接近背景值;Cd的含量低于背景值。其中Hg元素出现了中等程度的生态危害性,而Cr、As、Cu、Pb、Zn和Cd等元素的生态危害系数均极低,整个灌河口潮滩地区并没有出现较为严重的重金属生态危害。  相似文献   

12.
Concentrations of P and of heavy metals (Zn, Cd, Pb, Cu) were determined in sediment cores from the Peel-Harvey Estuary in Western Australia. Two cores were extracted, each representing one of the two basins of the estuary. Sediments were dated by surplus210Pb, by137Cs and by changes in the Fe/S ratio. Increasing exports of P from the mainly agricultural catchments have resulted in more than a doubling of both total P and acid extractable inorganic P in sediments of the estuary. Accumulation of P in the estuary is less than expected for complete retention of inputs of P from the major tributaries. Historical data show that since 1950 average concentrations of dissolved inorganic P have approximately doubled in the Peel Inlet and increased by times seven in the Harvey Estuary. Increases in concentrations in surface sediments of acid extractable Zn, Cd, Pb and Cu are noticeable in the Peel Inlet, and of Zn and Cd in the Harvey Estuary. The greatest increase, relative to background, is shown by Zn. Concentrations of extractable Zn and Cd in surface sediments are similar to those estimated from average concentrations in the water column for equilibrium adsorption to organic matter in sediments. Extractable Pb is greater than estimated for equilibrium adsorption to sediments. Extractable Cu is of the order of what can be expected for equilibrium adsorption to sediments in the Peel Inlet, but is less than expected in the Harvey Estuary.  相似文献   

13.
Concentrations of Cd, Cu, Cr, Co, Ni, Zn, Fe, Mn, Pb, As, and Sb were determined in sediment trap and bottom sediment samples collected seasonally from a station on the eastern Turkish coast of the Black Sea. Cd, Pb and Mn concentrations were highest in the sediment trap samples except during the summer period, whereas Co, Ni, Zn and Fe levels were much lower than corresponding levels found in the surface sediments. Cu, Cr, As and Sb levels showed no definite trend with sediment type. In general, with the exception of Cr, relatively lower metal concentrations in the sediment trap material were determined in the summer period. The highest mass flux, 56.5 g m−2 day−1, was measured during autumn. The highest flux of heavy metals also occurred during autumn and was strongly dependent on particle mass flux. Based on these results, we suggest that the downward vertical transport of particulate heavy metals in this region is related to the high degree of land erosion and the resultant particulate flux dynamics, which occur here. It was noteworthy that the highest concentrations of Cd, Cu, Co, Zn, Fe and Sb in particles were measured during winter a finding which suggests that enhanced fossil fuel combustion, which occurs during this period in adjacent urban and industrial areas plays an important role in the metal composition of sinking particles in nearshore waters.  相似文献   

14.
Samples of anoxic intertidal sediments from the Mersey Estuary, north-west England, have been used in laboratory experiments to determine the rates and extents of metal (Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn) releases to solution under conditions of controlled resuspension and reoxidation. An experimental system for the study of sediment-water interactions at various temperatures, salinities, pHs and oxygen concentrations is described. The results indicate rapid initial losses of Fe and Mn from sediment but not Cu and Zn with longer term readsorption of Fe and Mn to give partitioning between the aqueous/ sediment phases for all four metals which is similar to that under the initial anoxic conditions. Cu and Zn show small, but measurable, net losses from the aqueous phase to the reoxidized sediment. Salinity variations exert little influence on the processes observed, but increasing temperature produces increased Cu, Zn and Mn in the dissolved fraction at equilibrium conditions. Exchanges of Cu and Zn between the sediment/water phases are rather insensitive to pH or oxygen concentration, but Fe and Mn do respond to increasing pH which suppresses their initial release on oxidation. Low oxygen concentrations can result in a slow but significant release of Fe. In relation to trace metal pollution in estuaries and biological availability, the results suggest that the resuspension and oxidation of polluted anoxic sediments is not an important process because of scavenging of soluble metals on to the resuspended material.  相似文献   

15.
自台湾北部和平岛沿岸海域及淡水河出海口海域，采得软木软柳珊瑚(ubergorgia suberosa)、扁刺柳珊瑚(Echinogorgia complexa)、网刺柳珊瑚(Echinogorgia reticulata)和1未定种柳珊瑚等4种柳珊瑚目样品。检测体内18种金属含量。其中以Ca、Zn、Cu、Al、Fe及Mn含量较高．体长较长的珊瑚。体内金属累积量则相对较高，尤其以Cu及Zn的趋势最为明确。经统计分析。显示4种珊瑚体内金属含量彼此间无群组相关性存在，呈现多变、无规则性的分布。本研究与大堡礁及委内瑞拉附近海域同一目珊瑚(Gorgonacea)中相同金属分析值进行比较结果Cd、Pb及Ni含量彼此差异不大，但Cu的含量则以台湾北部珊瑚体内较高。  相似文献   

16.
粤西湛江港海底沉积物重金属的分布特征与来源   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
2004年9月23日至10月5日对湛江港海洋沉积物中金属元素的含量及分布进行了调查。共采集样品20个,采用王水-氢氟酸消解,电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定样品中的金属元素As、Cd、Co、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb、Zn、Al、Ca、Fe、Mg和Mn。结果发现,湛江港大多数区域的沉积物未受污染,但霞山区港务局码头附近海域受到Cd、Cu和Pb的轻度污染,特呈岛养殖区也受到Cu的轻度污染。主成分分析结果表明,Al、Cd、Co、Cr、Cu、Fe、Ni、Pb和Zn主要通过陆源输入进入近岸水域的沉积相中,Ca、As、Mg和Mn主要通过海洋环境中水相和沉积相的相互作用进入沉积相中。结合其它调查结果认为,湛江港的Cd污染在水相、沉积相和生物相中均已存在,应引起有关部门的高度重视。  相似文献   

17.
珠江口受复杂径?潮动力耦合作用的影响,河口重金属迁移转化机制复杂多变。本文基于2018年夏季珠江口及其邻近海域海水和沉积物的调查资料,研究了珠江口多动力因子驱动下7种重金属元素汞、砷、锌、镉、铅、铜和铬的沉积、迁移和积累机制。结果表明:相比于溶解态重金属（水体中）的赋存状况,吸附态重金属（沉积物中）更稳定,污染也更严重;采用皮尔逊相关分析和主成分分析计算出重金属元素与环境因子之间的响应关系,溶解态重金属主要以稀释混合过程为主,吸附态重金属受有机碳和氧化还原作用的影响较大;沉积物?水界面重金属的分配系数显示出铅和铬易被吸附在颗粒物上,而镉和汞易溶解在水体中,揭示了河口复杂动力影响下元素在不同介质的形态转换特征;除了镉?铬、镉?铜和铬?砷这3组元素间不显著相关,其他元素间的显著相关性表明了重金属元素具有相似的来源,并采用主成分分析探讨了重金属元素的潜在来源,主要来源为工业废水,农业和大气沉降次之。研究结果可为有效控制重金属的排放和河口污染治理提供重要支撑。  相似文献   

18.
Vertical distribution (0–15 cm) of the macrobenthic community and its relationships to natural sediment characteristics and trace metal contents and bioavailability were studied at five locations in the lower Douro estuary, Portugal. An analysis of vertical metal distribution, for the interpretation of anthropogenic impact on the estuarine sediments, was also investigated. Sediment characterisation included organic matter, grain size, metals (Al, Fe, Cu, Pb, Cr, Ni, Cd, Zn and Mn), acid volatile sulphide (AVS) and simultaneously extracted metals (SEM). The macrobenthic community had low diversity (14 species), was dominated by small size opportunists and seemed to be controlled mainly by natural factors such as grain size distribution, Al and Fe contents and sediment depth. The vertically heterogeneous distribution of macrobenthic community appears to affect redox status of the sediments and consequently metal bioavailability. Despite anthropogenic contamination in terms of Zn, Cu, Pb, Cr and Ni having already been detected in the north bank, the analysis of vertical distribution was essential for the identification of current anthropogenic contamination in terms of Zn, Pb and Cd in the south bank.  相似文献   

19.
Metal accumulation by Juncus maritimus and the effect this plant might have on the physico-chemical composition of sediments, from Douro river estuary (NW Portugal), were investigated through one year of plant's life. The contents of Al, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn were determined (by atomic absorption spectrophotometry) in sediments, rhizosediments (those among plant roots and rhizomes) and different tissues of J. maritimus. Two estuarine sites with different characteristics were studied, one a sandy sediment with relatively low organic matter content, the other a muddy site. The role of the plant seemed to be markedly dependent on the sediment composition. At the sandy site, significant variations throughout the year (a decrease from winter to summer and an increase in autumn) either in rhizosediment and sediment or in J. maritimus roots were only observed in Cd and Cu levels. These variations were the same in both compartments, probably caused by tidal water movements and the activity of the plant. At the muddy site, variations throughout the year were observed for all studied elements but Pb. Changes in the Cd and Zn contents of roots were opposite to those in the rhizosediment (uptake of Cd and Zn by J. maritimus roots in summer may have caused a decrease in rhizosediment levels). Fe and Mn showed similar patterns of variation in both roots and rhizosediment (contents significantly increasing in summer). Higher contents of Fe and Mn in roots in summer could be related to changes in mass, higher availability of the elements, or accumulation at the surface of the root in (hydr)oxides forms. For the remaining elements no significant correlations between rhizosediment and roots variations were observed, indicating that their uptake and release by roots were not based on single exchanges with the sediment. J. maritimus showed capacity to accumulate Cu, Zn and particularly Cd, thus appearing to be useful for the phytostabilization of these metals.  相似文献   

20.
The distribution, partitioning and concentrations of trace metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn) in seawater, including dissolved and particulate phases, and in copepods in the ocean outfall area off the northern coast of Taiwan were investigated. Normalization of metal concentrations to the background metal concentration to yield relative enrichment factors (EF), which were used to evaluate the contamination of dissolved and particulate trace metals in seawater around the ocean outfall. The EF results indicated that the outfall area was significantly contaminated by dissolved Fe and Zn, and by particulate Fe, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn. In addition, most trace metals were chiefly in the particulate phase. The average percentage of total metal concentrations (dissolved plus particulate phases) bound by suspended particulate matter followed the sequence Al(95%) = Mn(95%) > Pb(88%) > Cu(86%) > Fe(72%) > Zn(32%) > Cr(17.5%) > Cd(3.4%). Therefore, metal contamination is better evaluated in solid phase than in the dissolved phase. The concentration ranges of trace metals in the copepods, Temora turbinata, Oncaea venusta and Euchaeta rimana, near the outfall were: Cd, 0.23-1.81 microg g(-1); Cr, 16.5-195 microg g(-1); Cu, 14-160 microg g(-1); Fe, 256-7255 microg g(-1); Mn, 5.5-80.8 microg g(-1); Pb, 2.6-56.2 microg g(-1); Zn, 132-3891 microg g(-1); and Al, 0.21-1.13%. Aluminum, and probably Fe, seemed to be the major elements in copepods. The concentrations of trace metals in copepods, especially Temora turbinata, near the outfall were generally higher than those obtained in the background station. The mean increase in bioconcentration factor of metals in copepods ranged from 4 to 7 and followed the sequence Al(6.4) > Cu(6.2) > Fe(6.0) > Zn(5.7) > Pb(5.6) > Cr(5.5) > Cd(5.1) > Mn(4.7). Therefore, marine copepods in the waters of northern Taiwan can accumulate trace metals over background concentrations and act as contamination indicators.  相似文献   

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