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政府间气候变化专门委员会 (ＩＰＣＣ)第三工作组于 2 0 0 1年 2月 2 8日～ 3月 3日在加纳首都阿克拉 (Ａｃｃｒａ)召开了该工作组的第六次专题会议 ,正式通过了ＩＰＣＣ关于减缓气候变化提交给决策者的报告概要。该报告评价了气候变化减缓战略涉及到科学、技术、环境、经济以及政治各方面的内容。自第二次气候变化评价报告出版以来 ,关于气候变化减缓的研究一直在进行 ,并考虑了政治性的变化 ,如1997年联合国气候变化框架公约京都议定的通过。该报告还吸收了许多ＩＰＣＣ专题报告的观点 ,包括 :航空与全球大气层特别报告 ,技术推广中的方法… 相似文献
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气候变化对自然和人类社会系统的影响--IPCC第三次气候变化评价报告:第二工作组报告概要 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
政府间气候变化专门委员会(IPCC)第二工作组于2001年2月13～16日在瑞士日内瓦召开了第6次会议,就气候变化的影响、系统的脆弱性以及适应能力等问题通过了该工作组提供给决策者参考的第3次气候变化评价报告概要. 相似文献
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全球气候变化研究的新认识——IPCC第三次气候评价报告第一工作组报告概要 总被引：22，自引：2，他引：22
政府间气候变化专门委员会 (IPCC)在前两次气候变化评价报告的基础上 ,结合最近 5年气候变化研究新成果 ,进行了 IPCC第三次全球气候的评价工作。IPCC第一工作组于 2 0 0 1年 1月 1 7- 2 0日在上海召开了第八次工作组会议 ,通过了供决策者参考的报告概要。下面是该报告的摘要性结论。1日益增多的大量观测结果表明 :地球正在变暖并伴随气候系统的其它变化1 .1 2 0世纪全球平均地表温度增加了 0 .6℃左右(1 )全球平均地表温度自 1 861年以来一直在增高 ,2 0世纪增加了 0 .6± 0 .2℃。这个数据比 1 994年的 IPCC第二次气候评价报告高… 相似文献
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0引言
政府间气候变化专门委员会（IPCC）评估报告被认为是最具权威的气候系统变化研究结果的综合,其中第一工作组为科学基础,第二工作组为影响和脆弱性,第三工作组为适应对策,第一工作组评估报告要早于其他工作组半年以上．2013年9月23—26日,IPCC第一工作组第12次大会在斯德哥尔摩举行,第一工作组第五次评估报告决策者摘要（IPCCWGIAR5SPM）接受各国政府代表团审议,27日正式发布,标志着该工作组第五次报告的完成．报告全文及技术摘要将由牛津大学出版社于2014年年初出版．本文试图以冰冻圈相关的结果为重点,简要介绍IPCCWGIAR5SPM的一些重要结论． 相似文献
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亚洲－太平洋地区全球变化研究网络（ＡＰＮ）是国际上建设的三个政府间全球变化研究网络之一，该网络的概念于１９９２年提出，并于１９９４年成立了两个工作组，第一工作组（ＷＧ１）的任务是就ＡＰＮ的科学议程提出建议，第二工作组（ＷＧ２）的任务是就ＡＰＮ的组织结构提出建议。１９９２年、１９９４年和１９９５年已分别召开了ＡＰＮ第一届、第二届和第三届专题讨论会。本文根据ＷＧ１和ＷＧ２的建议报告、ＡＰＮ专题讨论会的联合声明等，介绍ＡＰＮ的发展情况及其科学议程方面的考虑。 相似文献
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温室效应和全球变化受到广泛关注。在采取任何切实有效措施之前,我们面临的第一个问题是,对于温室效应和全球变化,我们知道了多少?为了回答这个问题,全世界三百多位最权威的学者组成了政府间气候变化专业委员会(IPCC),经过几年工作,提交了气候变化评估报告。这个报告将提交给今年六月在巴西召开的、由世界各国首脑参加的世界环境与发展大会。 IPCC分为三个工作组,分别对温室效应问题做出科学的评估,对温室效应和全球变化于人类社会可能的影响做出评价,及讨论人类可能采取的行动。本文主要介绍第一工作组的结论。地球自有大气层以来就有温室效应。太阳光穿过大气层把地球表面加热,地面再向宇宙 相似文献
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IPCC WGI第四次评估报告关于全球气候变化的科学要点 总被引：20，自引：3，他引：17
2007年1月29日~2月1日,政府间气候变化专门委员会第一工作组(IPCC WGI)在巴黎召开了第10次全会,通过了第四次评估报告第一工作组报告《Cli mate Change2007:The Physical Science Basis》的决策者摘要(SPM),并于2月2日正式发布.报告阐述了目前对气候变化主要原因、气候变化观测事实、气候的多种过程及归因以及一系列未来气候变化预估结果的科学认识水平,其科学要点主要体现在以下几个方面. 相似文献
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亚洲-太平洋地区全球变化研究网络(APN)的发展及其科学议程 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
亚洲－太平洋地区全球变化研究网络（APN）是国际上建设的三个政府间全球变化研究网络之一，该网络的概念于1992年提出，并于1994年成立了两个工作组，第一工作组（WG1）的任务是就ＡＰＮ的科学议程提出建议，第二工作组（WG2）的任务是就ＡＰＮ的组织结构提出建议。1992年、1994年和1995年已分别召开了APN第一届、第二届和第三届专题讨论会。本文根据WG１和WG２的建议报告、APN专题讨论会的联合声明等，介绍APN的发展情况及其科学议程方面的考虑。 相似文献
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在全国煤田地质经济技术研究会第三届会员代表大会上的报告全国煤田地质经济技术研究会理事长张世奎（１９９５年７月１５日）各位代表、同志们：１９８７年１２月，在江苏无锡市召开的第二届会员代表大会，已过去七年半了。由于整顿社团组织机构和领导成员变化等原因，未... 相似文献
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利用IPCC第4次评估公开发布的22个全球气候模式在A1B、A2和B1三种典型排放情景下的未来气温和降水预测结果,结合新安江月分布式水文模型,在对模型验证效果良好的基础上,参照集合预报方法,对未来90年(2010～2099年)气候变化下淮河流域的极端洪水进行预估。研究结果表明,从出现概率来看,淮河流域未来可能发生极端洪水年份的密集程度从大到小依次为A2情景、A1B情景、B1情景。A1B情景下,21世纪下半叶出现极端洪水的可能性增大,A2情景在2035～2065年以及2085年以后是极端洪水发生较为集中的时期。B1情景在21世纪70年代左右发生极端洪水的可能性较大。综合各种极端事件的定义方法,将极端洪水划定3个洪水量级。A2情景预估极端洪水的平均洪量在3种情景中最大,B1情景最小。3种情景未来一级极端洪水发生比例都比历史上偏大,A2情景下增加最多。二级极端洪水都较历史略有减少,三级极端洪水减少最显著。3种情景下各个量级极端洪水所占比例各不相同,A1B和A2情景二级以上极端洪水出现比例较大,B1情景下极端洪水量级多为三级,超1954年的一级极端洪水所占比例较小。 相似文献
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IPCC第二次气候变化科学评估报告的主要科学成果和问题 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
介绍了政府间气候变化委员会(IPCC)最近出版的第二次气候变化科学评估报告中的主要科学成果,并说明了今后3～4年中IPCC从科学上主要关注的问题。 相似文献
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通过评估IPCC第四次评估公开发布的22个全球气候模式对长江流域降水和气温的模拟性能,选取了BC-CR-BCM2.0等7个气候模式,利用这些GCM s在A1B、A2和B1三种典型排放情景下的未来气温和降水预测结果,结合BP神经网络模型,在对模型验证效果良好的基础上,预测未来气候变化下长江流域径流变化趋势.结果表明,长江流域未来年平均径流量呈减少趋势,宜昌水文站以枯水年减少为主,未来年平均流量比历史年平均流量减少了520 m3/s;大通水文站则以平水年减少为主,比历史年平均流量减少了250 m3/s,水量的减少对南水北调东中线的调水规模和调配、管理提出了较大的挑战.长江流域多年平均月流量增加将主要发生在1~6月,而7~12月将以减少趋势为主.宜昌站和大通站的1~6月份平均增加幅度分别为29.6%和13.8%,7~12月份的平均减少幅度分别为-18.2%和-11.0%,宜昌站的变幅要高于大通站.宜昌站汛期呈减少趋势,平均为-8.5%,非汛期略有增加.大通站变化趋势与宜昌站相反,汛期呈增加趋势,平均为2.3%,非汛期略有减少. 相似文献
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Floods in the IPCC TAR Perspective 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Recent floods have become more abundant and more destructive than ever in many regions of the globe. Destructive floods observed in the 1990s all over the world have led to record-high material damage, with total losses exceeding one billion US dollars in each of two dozen events. The immediate question emerges as to the extent to which a sensible rise in flood hazard and vulnerability can be linked to climate variability and change. Links between climate change and floods have found extensive coverage in the Third Assessment Report (TAR) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Since the material on floods is scattered over many places of two large volumes of the TAR, the present contribution - a guided tour to floods in the IPCC TAR – may help a reader notice the different angles from which floods were considered in the IPCC report. As the water-holding capacity of the atmosphere grows with temperature, the potential for intensive precipitation also increases. Higher and more intense precipitation has been already observed and this trend is expected to increase in the future, warmer world. This is a sufficient condition for flood hazard to increase. Yet there are also other, non-climatic, factors exacerbating flood hazard. According to the IPCC TAR, the analysis of extreme events in both observations and coupled models is underdeveloped. It is interesting that the perception of floods in different parts of the TAR is largely different. Large uncertainty is emphasized in the parts dealing with the science of climate change, but in the impact chapters, referring to sectors and regions, growth in flood risk is taken for granted. Floods have been identified on short lists of key regional concerns. 相似文献
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Climate change alters global food systems, especially agriculture and fisheries—significant aspects of the livelihoods and food security of populations. The 2014 IPCC Fifth Assessment Report identified Southeast Asia as the most vulnerable coastal region in the world, and highlighted the potential distribution of impacts and risks of climate change in the region. While climate hazards may differ across geographical regions, the impact of climate extremes on food production will affect marginal farmers, fishers and poor urban consumers disproportionately, as they have limited capacities to adapt to and recover from extreme weather events. Governments and other stakeholders need to respond to climate extremes and incorporate adaptation into national development plans. Unfortunately, there is still limited peer-review publication on the subject matter. This paper presents some findings from research on observed and projected loss and damage inflicted by climate extremes on agricultural crops in Southeast Asia. 相似文献
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Indian Monsoon Variability in a Global Warming Scenario 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) constituted by the World Meteorological Organisation provides expert guidance regarding scientific and technical aspects of the climate problem. Since 1990 IPCC has, at five-yearlyintervals, assessedand reported on the current state of knowledge and understanding of the climate issue. These reports have projected the behaviour of the Asian monsoon in the warming world. While the IPCC Second Assessment Report (IPCC, 1996) on climate model projections of Asian/Indian monsoon stated ``Most climate models produce more rainfall over South Asia in a warmer climate with increasing CO2', the recent IPCC (2001) Third Assessment Report states ``It is likely that the warming associated with increasing greenhouse gas concentrations will cause an increase in Asian summer monsoon variability and changes in monsoon strength.'Climate model projections(IPCC, 2001) also suggest more El Niño – like events in the tropical Pacific, increase in surface temperatures and decrease in the northern hemisphere snow cover. The Indian Monsoon is an important component of the Asian monsoon and its links with the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon, northern hemisphere surface temperature and Eurasian snow are well documented.In the light of the IPCC globalwarming projections on the Asian monsoon, the interannual and decadal variability in summer monsoon rainfall over India and its teleconnections have been examined by using observed data for the 131-year (1871–2001) period. While the interannual variations showyear-to-year random fluctuations, thedecadal variations reveal distinct alternate epochs of above and below normal rainfall. The epochs tend to last for about three decades. There is no clear evidence to suggest that the strength and variability of the Indian Monsoon Rainfall (IMR) nor the epochal changes are affected by the global warming. Though the 1990s have been the warmest decade of the millennium(IPCC, 2001), the IMR variability has decreased drastically.Connections between the ENSO phenomenon, Northern Hemisphere surface temperature and the Eurasian snow with IMR reveal that the correlations are not only weak but have changed signs in the early 1990s suggesting that the IMR has delinked not only with the Pacific but with the Northern Hemisphere/Eurasian continent also. The fact that temperature/snow relationships with IMR are weak further suggests that global warming need not be a cause for the recent ENSO-Monsoon weakening.Observed snow depth over theEurasian continent has been increasing, which could be a result of enhanced precipitation due to the global warming. 相似文献
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气候变化对地表水资源的影响 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
总结了气候变化对水文水资源影响方面的研究方法, 分析了气候变化条件下水文水资源变化的研究现状和存在问题.并以山西省和黄河源区为研究对象, 以分布式水文模型为工具、GCMs输出的气候情景为输入条件, 针对不同的下垫面特征建立不同的分布式水文模型, 分别采用气候情景趋势分析结果和直接利用GCMs输出结果两类方法确定气候变化的数据源, 对研究区域未来的地表径流过程和地表水资源可能的变化趋势进行了研究.从气候情景的预测结果来看, 未来50年山西省的气温和降水都呈增加趋势, 但由于各自对水资源带来的影响不同, 将使山西省水资源呈现先增加后减少的趋势; 且由于冬季气温和降水的增幅比夏季大, 使得未来山西省的水资源年内分布有略微平缓的趋势.对黄河源区而言, 虽然未来100年内的降水和气温都呈增加趋势, 但由于降水增长引起的地表水资源的增加不足以抵消气温升高带来的影响, 因此将导致径流量不断降低的总体趋势, 并使径流年内分布略趋平缓, 而年际分布将越来越不均匀, 旱涝威胁日趋严峻. 相似文献
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Changes in the climatic system introduce uncertainties in the supply and management of water resources. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC) predicts an increase of 2 to 4 °C over the next 100 years. Temperature increases will impact the hydrologic cycle by directly increasing the evaporation of surface water sources. Consequently, changes in precipitation will indirectly impact the flux and storage of water in surface and subsurface reservoirs(i.e., lakes, soil moisture, groundwater, etc.). In addition, increases in temperature contribute to increases in the sea level, which may lead to sea water intrusions, water quality deterioration, potable water shortages, etc. Climate change has direct impacts on the surface water and the control of storage in rivers, lakes and reservoirs, which indirectly controls the groundwater recharge process. The main and direct impact of climate change on groundwater is changes in the volume and distribution of groundwater recharge. The impact of climate change on groundwater resources requires reliable forecasting of changes in the major climatic variables and accurate estimations of groundwater recharge. A number of Global Climate Models(GCMs) are available for understanding climate and projecting climate change.These GCMs can be downscaled to a basin scale, and when they are coupled with relevant hydrological models, the output of these coupled models can be used to quantify the groundwater recharge, which will facilitate the adoption of appropriate adaptation strategies under the impact of climate change. 相似文献
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Assessments of climate change face the task of making information about uncertainty accessible and useful to decision-makers. The literature in behavior economics provides many examples of how people make decisions under conditions of uncertainty relying on inappropriate heuristics, leading to inconsistent and counterproductive choices. Modern risk communication practices recommend a number of methods to overcome these hurdles, which have been recommended for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) assessment reports. This paper evaluates the success of the most recent IPCC approach to uncertainty communication, based on a controlled survey of climate change experts. Evaluating the results from the survey, and from a similar survey recently conducted among university students, the paper suggests that the most recent IPCC approach leaves open the possibility for biased and inconsistent responses to the information. The paper concludes by suggesting ways to improve the approach for future IPCC assessment reports. To cite this article: A. Patt, S. Dessai, C. R. Geoscience 337 (2005). 相似文献