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基于我国东部许多大水矿区煤炭资源日渐枯竭,衰老矿井涌水量变化巨大的现状,以灰色系统理论为基础,提出了一种新的矿井涌水量预测组合模型——GM (1,1)–Markov–新陈代谢组合模型以及用于预测结果综合评价的指数Z。模型验证结果表明,该组合模型的预测结果优于其他模型,减小了序列数据波动性大、新旧信息更替差异所造成的误差,能够较好地解决时间跨度下采空区残留涌水、意外突水等不确定因素对衰老矿井涌水量预测精度和可靠性的影响。将该组合模型及其他模型应用于开滦集团荆各庄衰老矿井涌水量的预测,结果显示:GM (1,1)–Markov–新陈代谢组合模型的综合评价指数最高,达到0.475;荆各庄矿2011—2015年的矿井涌水量将分别为13.055 m3/min、12.730 m3/min、12.579 m3/min、12.493 m3/min和12.503 m3/min。 相似文献
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Several mines in the Witbank coalfield in South Africa are affected by acid mine drainage. This has led to a deterioration
in the water quality in many surface streams. The Loubert Mine is one such mine. Hence, an initial investigation was carried
out to determine the source of acid mine drainage pollution and the associated hydrogeological conditions. The investigation
showed that most of the acid mine drainage is emanating from old opencast workings which have been backfilled. Most of the
water from the backfilled area drains into control reservoirs. Unfortunately their capacity is limited, which means that water
overspills and seeps from them. This water finds its way into a nearby stream, the water of which accordingly has an unacceptably
low pH value and high sulphate content. The proposals advanced to control the problem basically involve inhibiting the amount
of water infiltrating the backfilled opencast area on the one hand and reducing the amount of water entering the control reservoirs
on the other.
Received: 5 March 1997 · Accepted: 17 June 1997 相似文献
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This paper compares analytical and numerical methods by taking the forecasting of water yield of deep-buried iron mine in Yanzhou, Shandong as an example. Regarding the analytical method, the equation of infinite and bilateral water inflow boundary is used to forecast the water yield, and in the case of numerical simulation, we employed the GMS software to establish a model and further to forecast the water yield. On the one hand, through applying the analytical method, the maximum water yield of mine 1 500 m deep below the surface was calculated to be 13 645.17 m3/d; on the other hand, through adopting the numerical method, we obtained the predicted result of 3 816.16 m3/d. Meanwhile, by using the boundary generalization in the above-mentioned two methods, and through a comparative analysis of the actual hydro-geological conditions in this deep-buried mine, which also concerns the advantages and disadvantages of the two methods respectively, this paper draws the conclusion that the analytical method is only applicable in ideal conditions, but numerical method is eligible to be used in complex hydro-geological conditions. Therefore, it is more applicable to employ the numerical method to forecast water yield of deep-buried iron mine in Yanzhou, Shandong 相似文献
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生态环境脆弱区煤炭资源开发诱发的环境地质问题——以陕西省神木县大柳塔煤矿区为例 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
为揭示大柳塔地区大规模煤炭资源开发诱发的生态环境地质问题及其效应,进行了1：5万矿山地质环境调查。研究表明,大柳塔煤矿区地面塌陷影响面积达47.12～53.36 km2,范围大,但对农业生产的影响较轻。煤矿开发对水资源的破坏尤为严重。20年来大柳塔地区及主要采煤塌陷区土地沙漠化呈现逐年好转的趋势,主要河流受到了硫化物、氟化物、总磷的普遍污染,河流底泥受到了重金属元素较严重的累积污染,土壤尚有较大的环境容量,但重金属元素的累积污染不容忽视。神东公司实施生态功能圈建设、煤矸石堆场复垦、露天矿复垦、矿井水综合利用等措施,明显地改善了矿区的生态环境,探索出生态环境脆弱区在煤炭资源开发过程中保护生态地质环境的新模式。依据该区煤炭资源开发中生态环境保护的成功经验与教训,统筹规划,提出制定生态环境脆弱区煤炭资源开发的环境保护规划、建立矿山公园、加强采煤塌陷区生态环境变化研究等建议。 相似文献
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Hugo Ninanya Nilson Guiguer Eurípedes A. VargasJr Gustavo Nascimento Edmar Araujo Caroline L. Cazarin 《Hydrogeology Journal》2018,26(7):2257-2282
This work presents analysis of groundwater flow conditions and groundwater control measures for Vazante underground mine located in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. According to field observations, groundwater flow processes in this mine are highly influenced by the presence of karst features located in the near-surface terrain next to Santa Catarina River. The karstic features, such as caves, sinkholes, dolines and conduits, have direct contact with the aquifer and tend to increase water flow into the mine. These effects are more acute in areas under the influence of groundwater-level drawdown by pumping. Numerical analyses of this condition were carried out using the computer program FEFLOW. This program represents karstic features as one-dimensional discrete flow conduits inside a three-dimensional finite element structure representing the geologic medium following a combined discrete-continuum approach for representing the karst system. These features create preferential flow paths between the river and mine; their incorporation into the model is able to more realistically represent the hydrogeological environment of the mine surroundings. In order to mitigate the water-inflow problems, impermeabilization of the river through construction of a reinforced concrete channel was incorporated in the developed hydrogeological model. Different scenarios for channelization lengths for the most critical zones along the river were studied. Obtained results were able to compare effectiveness of different river channelization scenarios. It was also possible to determine whether the use of these impermeabilization measures would be able to reduce, in large part, the elevated costs of pumping inside the mine. 相似文献
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在系统整理、综合分析伊通满族自治县煤矿二井勘探、矿井建设生产各阶段所获得的地质、水文地质资料的基础上,主要从矿井受采掘破坏或者影响的含水层及水体、矿井开采受水害影响程度以及防治水工作难易程度等方面,按照矿井水文地质类型各项划分要求,确定矿井水文地质类型。提出伊通满族自治县煤矿二井水文地质类型为复杂型的结论从而分析和评价矿井水害危害程度,经济合理地搞好矿井防治水工作提供了基础资料。 相似文献
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C. Changul Chakkaphan Sutthirat G. Padmanahban C. Tongcumpou 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2010,60(5):1065-1071
Acid mine drainage (AMD) is the environmental issue that generates the greatest public concern regarding the mining industry.
Thus, characterization of mine waste rock according to acid generation potential is necessary for mining operations to ensure
proper waste rock storage and to avoid future adverse environmental effects. Therefore, this study was conducted to estimate
the potential of AMD generation in the largest operating gold mine in Thailand by using acid base accounting and net acid
generation tests. Representative samples of six types of waste rock classified by mining geologists for mineral processing
and waste dumping were collected for this study: volcanic clastic, porphyritic andesite, andesite, silicified tuff, silicified
lapilli tuff, and sheared tuff. Under various conditions, experimental results indicate that only silicified lapilli tuff
and shear tuff are potentially acid-forming materials. The results indicate that AMD generation may possibly occur a long
time after mine closure due to the lag time of the dissolution of acid-neutralizing sources. Acidic generation from some waste
rocks may occur in the future based on environmental conditions, particularly the oxidation of sulphide minerals by the combination
of oxygen and water. Therefore, a proper design for waste rock dumping and storage is necessary to reduce the risk of AMD
generation in future. It is advisable to install a surface management system to control the overland flow direction away from
the waste dump area and tailing storage facility and to install a second water storage pond next to the main storage pond
to store the spilled water during storms and the rainy season. A water quality monitoring plan that focuses on disturbed areas
such as water storage ponds and mine pits should be put in place. 相似文献
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文章分析了孔隙充水矿井的充水水源和通道,利用非线性的BP人工神经网络建立了徐州韩桥煤矿涌水量短期预测模型,选取每天的降水量作为影响因子,用已有的涌水量资料训练得到权值和阈值来表示充水通道,并对-200m水平、-270m水平、-330m水平和全矿井涌水量进行了预测。结果显示,涌水量的预测值与实测值吻合得较好,说明该模型具有一定实用性。 相似文献
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为了科学解释榆神矿区矿井涌水量较大的涌（突）水事件,为煤矿防治水奠定基础,分析了近年来区内发生的突水事件及矿井较大涌水情况,提出矿井较大涌水形成机理、红土层水文地质性质、矿井涌水量预测的准确性等疑问,阐述了突破“井田”范围,从区域上研究地下水系统和突水水源,关注延安组、直罗组、安定组、洛河组等砂岩弱富水含水层,从导水裂隙带中寻找突水水源,科学评价各岩（土）层的水文地质条件,采动岩层（含水层）渗透性演化以及探索矿井水害源头预防和区域治理思路等几点思考,提出应该从区域上认识水文地质条件及对煤矿涌（突）水的“贡献”,揭示矿井较大涌水形成机理,进一步加强水文地质补充勘探,准确识别含水层、隔水层及其空间赋存关系,探测大采高、大采面环境下导水裂隙带发育规律,并提出从区域上识别地下水强径流带和局部富水区的基础上,制定矿井水害防控措施的思路,为榆神矿区煤矿水害防治提供借鉴和帮助。 相似文献
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C. M. Wai D. E. Reece B. D. Trexler D. R. Ralston R. E. Williams 《Environmental Geology》1980,3(3):159-162
The Bunker Hill Mine in Idaho's Coeur d'Alene mining district produces approximately 10 m3/minute of acid water containing high concentrations of heavy metals. Field and laboratory studies indicate that much of the
acid water is produced in a single ore body in the upper part of the mine. The ore of this body contains mainly sphalerite,
galena, and pyrite in a siderite-quartz gangue. Ground water recharges this ore body through a near-vertical zone of high
permeability, which is the result of mining by the caving technique. Ore samples from the caving area contained oxidized forms
of iron and produced acid in a laboratory leaching test. Leaching experiments with several ore samples from the mine also
indicated that the ratio of pyrite to calcite in the samples strongly controlled the resultant pH values. Oxidation of pyrite
to sulfuric acid and compounds of iron is apparently responsible for the production of acid water in the mine. In contrast,
dissolution of calcite in water results in a basic solution, with pH around 8.3, that can neutralize the acid produced by
the oxidation process. Methods for prevention of acid mine drainage in this and other similar mines are noted. 相似文献
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This study develops a three-dimensional heterogeneous numerical model to simulate the water inrush process and predict the water yield for mineral exploration in Yangzhuang Iron Mine in Anhui Province. To identify the hydrogeological parameters of the aquifer in the study area, the model was calibrated and validated using the observed heads through the integrated trial-and-error and automated techniques. Also, the sensitivity analysis of the model was performed to evaluate the uncertainty associated with the calibrated model. According to the mine construction plan at different mining levels of -500 m, -600 m, and -700 m, the calibrated model was then applied to predict the water yields dependent on the different mining levels. As indicated by the prediction results, the numerical simulation model can systematically describe the groundwater system in the mining area and determine the source of water inrush in this iron mine. In conclusion, numerical analyses carried out in this study can provide guidance to decision-makers in balancing the iron ore mining and mine dewatering in the future. 相似文献
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《Geomechanics and Geoengineering》2013,8(3):189-199
Numerical models are useful in the evaluation of the interaction between groundwater systems and mining activities. They can be successfully used to predict the quantity of inflow into open pits and to design an appropriate dewatering system. In this paper, a two-dimensional axi-symmetric finite element model called SEEP/W has been used to predict the groundwater inflow into Sangan open pit mine (anomaly north C). The Sangan iron mine is located at 280 km south-east of Mashhad, Iran, in arid and warm climate conditions wherein precipitation is generally limited. The water inflow to the pit is mainly from a confined aquifer, mainly by horizontal flow in the upper layers and vertical flow at the pit bottom. The results of the numerical model of the ground water inflow are presented and compared with those obtained from Theis, Cooper-Jacob and Jacob-Lohman analytical solutions. Ground water inflow monitoring was also carried out in a trial excavation at the Sangan mine in order to calibrate the model. The model was then used to predict groundwater inflow into Sangan open pit mine during its advancement. This model provides valuable information for designing an appropriate dewatering system. 相似文献
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Jey K. Jeyapalan 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》1983,7(1):87-100
A characteristic common to most mine tailings dam failures is that the mine tailings tend to liquefy and flow over substantial distances, with the potential for extensive damage to property and life. In order to be able to assess the potential for damage in case of such a failure, it is necessary to be able to predict the characteristics of the flow and the possible extent of flood movement. A procedure that has some potential for such flow analyses is described in this paper. When fluid resistanceis neglected, the solution of the simple dam-break problem is readily found using the shallow water theory. However, near the head of the mine waste dam-break flood wave the laminar resistance resistance effects are appreciable. In this paper the retardation of the wave-front behind the position predicted by the inviscid shallow water theory is found. 相似文献
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矿井突水水源判别的多组逐步Bayes判别方法研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
矿井突水是采矿过程中最具威胁的自然灾害之一。能否准确快速地判别矿井突水水源,不仅是矿井水文地质工作的主要内容,而且是煤矿防治水工作的重要基础。为了有效判别矿井突水水源,综合考虑水化学指标对水源判别的重要性,基于多组逐步Bayes判别分析理论,选取Na+ K+、Ca2+、Mg2+、Cl-、SO42-和HCO3-共6项指标作为判别因子,利用国内某矿区各主要含水层的35个水样的水质资料作为训练样本,建立了矿井突水水源预测的多组逐步Bayes判别分析模型。实例分析表明,该模型结果与实际情况相符合,说明该模型在矿井突水水源判别中具有良好的实用性和有效性,为判别矿区新的突水水源提供了一种新思路。 相似文献
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基于BP神经网络的降雨充水矿井涌水量预测 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
长沟峪煤矿矿井涌水量受降雨影响显著,曾经因降雨造成淹井事故。文章分析了长沟峪煤矿矿井充水因素及其影响程度,建立了矿井涌水量预测的BP网络模型,通过对2006年和2007年＋141水平和＋20水平矿井最大涌水量预测验证了该模型的可行性,并据此对不同降雨条件下的矿井涌水量进行了预测。 相似文献
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矿井突水水源类型判别模型及其系统实现 总被引：7，自引：3，他引：4
系统介绍了矿井突水水源快速识别系统的组成,阐述了煤矿突水水源判别的3种数学模型及其适用条件,从应用的角度介绍了该软件的使用步骤。采用该系统软件可高效准确地完成未知样品的水源类型判别,为煤矿安全生产提供决策依据。 相似文献