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1.
极端降水对娘子关泉流量的补给研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
采用广义极值Pareto分布模型（GPD）研究娘子关泉域的月最大降水,并在剔除人类活动造成的泉水流量下降趋势（亦即平稳化）后,研究不同重现期的极大月降水量与平稳化后的泉水年平均流量的关系,以获得极端降水与泉水流量的相关关系。结果表明,娘子关泉域的极大月降水与之后第2 年的泉水年均流量关系最为密切。此外,文中还给出了相应的量化关系表达式,并据此估算娘子关泉域重现期为20、30、50、100年的月降水量分别为280 mm、295 mm、315 mm、338 mm,其对之后的第2年的年均泉流量补给分别为1.58m3/s、1.83m3/s、2.16m3/s和2.55m3/s。 相似文献
2.
晋祠泉出露于山西太原西山悬瓮山下,由难老泉、圣母泉、善利泉组成。1954—1958年实测泉水平均流量为l.94 m3/s。与晋祠泉同处山前断裂带的平泉于1978年成为特大岩溶水自流井水源地,自流量最大达到1.56 m3/s。由于这些自流井的开采,使晋祠泉的流量急剧下降,1994年4月30日断流。研究山西太原晋祠泉—平泉水力联系对晋祠泉复流方案制定具有重要意义。本文以晋祠泉、平泉为研究对象,通过样品采集、水质监测,综合运用水化学（离子比例、硫同位素、氢氧同位素）方法。揭示晋祠泉—平泉水文地球化学特征和环境同位素特征,反映地下水流系统的特征、水力联系特征。得出1980—1992年,晋祠泉地下水水位的变化呈稳定下降趋势,主要原因是有太原化学工业公司、开化沟、淸徐县平泉村和梁泉村等水源地大量开采岩溶地下水,导致地下水水位下降。晋祠—平泉一带岩溶地下水氢氧同位素值较接近,说明这一带岩溶地下水补给来源与补给途径相近。水质监测分析得出晋祠泉与平泉各个离子变化趋势基本一致。说明晋祠与平泉存在紧密的水力联系,因此晋祠泉与平泉必然存在一个比较强的导水通道。可以通过在晋祠泉下游导水通道上帷幕灌浆,提高晋祠泉水水位,使晋祠泉出流。 相似文献
3.
Sousan Spring emerges from the Keyno Anticline, Zagros Mountains (Iran), and the mean annual discharge is ~24 m3/s. Geological and hydrochemical evaluations suggest that the spring recharge is from the limestone Ilam-Sarvak Formation (Cretaceous) but the Mafaroon Fault, a major thrust feature, influences the regional groundwater flow path by juxtaposing other strata. Geological, geochemical, stable isotope and water balance studies were employed to interpret this behavior. Using the isotope data, the sources and elevations of the recharge area were found. Temporal variations of the isotopic data were compared with variations of electrical conductivity (EC). Unexpectedly, high EC was associated with a relative increase of discharge and depletion of δ18O. Several hypotheses were investigated and approximate water balance studies employed for validation. It was found that an elongated catchment on the Keyno Anticline plus a lesser catchment on a pair of parallel anticlines recharge the aquifer. While the long groundwater flow path along the Keyno Anticline plus guidance by Mafaroon Fault and the adjacent Garou shaly strata lead to increased EC in the Sousan Spring at the end of the dry season, a flow pulse from two adjoining anticlines (Mahalbakh and Shirgoon) arrives at the same time to increase the discharge and deplete the δ18O signal. Apparently the spring did not experience true base flow conditions during the recorded hydrological year. Although the spring response to specific precipitation events was similar to typical karst aquifers, standard interpretation of recession curves and related coefficients will not be practical at Sousan. 相似文献
4.
灵水泉为广西典型的构造型岩溶大泉,其泉域分布面积大,泉水具有出口多、流量大、动态较稳定等特点。近些年来,灵水泉出口流量呈现减少的趋势,而且水质也出现了轻微污染,引起当地政府的高度重视。为查明灵水泉含水介质特征与补给特性,综合采用地面调查、物探、钻探和地下水示踪等方法研究灵水泉岩溶管道分布特征,并圈定了灵水泉补给范围。研究成果表明: 灵水泉上游岩溶管道结构为网络状,管道规模不大,呈带状集中分布; 北部一带为该泉主要补给区,典型集中径流带长约8 km,宽200~700 m。根据同位素的高程效应,计算得出灵水泉补给高程为496 m,与圈出的补给范围高程相近,印证了调查结果。本研究可为制定灵水地下水资源的开发利用和保护方案提供依据。 相似文献
5.
The relative contributions of summer and cool-season precipitation to groundwater recharge, Spring Mountains, Nevada, USA 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A comparison of the stable-isotope signatures of spring waters, snow, snowmelt, summer (July thru September) rain, and cool season (October thru June) rain indicates that the high-intensity, short-duration summer convective storms, which contribute approximately a third of the annual precipitation to the Spring Mountains, provide only a small fraction (perhaps 10%) of the recharge to this major upland in southern Nevada, USA. Late spring snowmelt is the principal means of recharging the fractured Paleozoic-age carbonate rocks comprising the central and highest portion of the Spring Mountains. Daily discharge measurements at Peak Spring Canyon Creek during the period 1978–94 show that snowpacks were greatly enhanced during El Niño events. 相似文献
6.
济南岩溶泉域泉群区水化学与环境同位素研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
本文通过对济南岩溶泉域排泄区地下水样品的分析,采用主要离子(Cl、NO_3、Mg、Ca、HCO_3、SO_4)、微量元素(Br、Ba、Sr)、氢氧同位素(~2H和~(18)O)、硫同位素(~(34)S)等示踪因子的综合研究方法,结合岩溶泉域实际水文地质条件,揭示了济南泉水的水文地球化学特征、枯丰期水化学动态和环境同位素特征,确定了泉水在枯、丰水期不同的补给来源及补给途径。研究显示,泉群区出流的泉水可以分为三组,黑虎泉出流的路径是经奥陶系灰岩直接出流,趵突泉是经奥陶系灰岩与第四系沉积层出流地表,而五龙潭泉、珍珠泉和53号井则是在灰岩和侵入岩体的接触地带及第四系沉积层较薄弱处涌出地表;在丰水期地下水是混合补给,包括来自奥陶系岩溶水直接补给和硅酸盐岩裂隙水的间接补给,而在枯水期地下水主要由奥陶系岩溶水直接补给;泉群区地下水中的S主要来源于燃煤,而且有不断增加的趋势。 相似文献
7.
洪山泉流量动态及影响因素分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以39年洪水泉流量观测资料为基础，对泉水稳定性、变化特征及影响因素进行了探讨分析，结果表明洪水泉39年的泉水流量动态曲线出现了4个高峰、4个低谷，峰谷交替时间间隔周期为8年左右。大气降水是洪水泉水的主要补给来源，对泉水补给存在着8年的滞后期，是控制着泉水的流量的主要因素，随着多年降雨量的减少泉水流量呈下降趋势，采煤及地下水超采改变了地下水的补经排条件，影响了洪水泉水量水质，也是洪水泉流量减少的重要原因，今后应加强洪水泉的保护，进行合理开发以达到可持续利用的目的。 相似文献
8.
为了查明山西省晋祠泉泉水断流、泉口水位下降及近年来泉口水位回升的原因,为泉水复流工作提供理论参考,以长系列气象、水文、开采量、泉流量、地下水位等资料为基础,在详细分析了晋祠泉域不同水动力分区年内、年际动态特征的基础上,从自然气候与人类活动两方面出发,阐述了不同历史时期晋祠泉域岩溶水位变化的影响因素。结果表明：1956-1994年,因20世纪80、90年代人工开采量达到历史高峰期,一度超过2.4 m3/s,且80年代以后我国北方干旱化发展趋势较为严重,晋祠泉水流量逐渐减小直至断流;1994-2008年,人工开采量虽有一定程度减少,但仍维持在2.0 m3/s左右,且恰逢连续枯水年,降水量、河流径流量较多年平均值分别减小了11%和27%,此阶段泉口水位快速下降至历史最低值;2008年以后进入相对丰水期,在采取多项措施减少泉域岩溶水开采量的同时,汾河二库蓄水水位逐步抬高,其对岩溶水的渗漏补给量在经历了约2 a的滞后期后到达泉域排泄区,晋祠泉口水位近年来逐步回升。 相似文献
9.
Spring deposits reveal the timing and environment of past groundwater discharge. Herein, however, the potential for fossil spring deposits to infer water sources and palaeoflowpaths through trace elements and stable and radiogenic isotopes is examined. Past discharge (70 to 285 ka) in the Tecopa Basin in the Death Valley region of southeastern California is represented by tufa deposits, including mounds, pools, cemented ledges and rare calcite feeder veins. δ18O values indicate that spring discharge was a mixture of far‐travelled (regional) water with a significant, and perhaps dominant contribution of local recharge on a nearby range front and alluvial pediment, rather than simply representing an elevated regional water table. δ13C values indicate regional water had a high TDS, whereas solute data imply low overall solute contents, consistent with dilution by a large component of local recharge. Radiogenic isotope data (U‐series, 87Sr/86Sr) for tufa indicate that siliciclastic rocks (a regional aquitard) interacted with discharging water. To access this aquitard, regional flow was probably partitioned into a permeable north–south damage zone of a north–south range‐bounding fault along the foot of the Resting Spring Range, which ultimately controlled the location of groundwater discharge. Existing models for modern discharge in the Tecopa Basin, by contrast, call upon westward interbasin flow in carbonate rocks from the Spring Mountains through the intervening (and nearly perpendicular) Nopah and Resting Spring Ranges. Understanding the controls on regional groundwater flow is critical in this and other arid regions where water is, by definition, a scarce resource. Thus, although it is a case study, this report highlights a fruitful approach to palaeohydrology that can be widely applied. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
10.
柳林泉位于山西省柳林县东川河河谷,是中国北方最大的岩溶泉之一.1984～2005 年间的平均流量为 3.29 m3/s.流域内的大气降水是泉水的主要补给来源.根据柳林泉域水文地质条件的灰色系统特征,通过对泉域降水补给的时滞问题研究,提出了带有时滞的灰色关联分析模型.在此基础上,运用该模型对泉域不同地区的降水量与泉水流量进行了时滞分析.结果表明,柳林泉域不同区域的降水对柳林泉域的补给时滞存在差异.离石、中阳和方山的降水时滞分别为 3 a、4 a 和 6 a.该方法可应用于山西省其它岩溶大泉的岩溶水动态分析. 相似文献
11.
本文利用钻孔水化学数据和地球化学模拟方法,分析了郑家泉泉域基岩裂隙含水层各钻孔之间的水力联系和地下水补迳排特征。研究表明泉域北部的基岩裂隙含水层为条带状分布,到南部逐渐混合,郑家泉水的补给源主要来自西部和北部。 相似文献
12.
疏干开采条件下晋祠岩溶水系统的水箱模型 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
根据晋祠岩溶水系统的水均衡要素,建立晋祠岩溶水系统水箱模型及水均衡方程。使用晋祠岩溶水系统的补给量、排泄量和岩溶水位等数据建立晋祠岩溶水贮量的亏缺量与岩溶水位间的关系,采用非线性回归分析建立泉流量与岩溶水位的关系,并利用这两个关系替换水均衡方程中的未知量,从而求解所建水箱模型。通过1981至2006年的岩溶水位、亏缺量、泉流量数据检验所建模型,并以绝对误差的绝对值及线性相关系数评价模型的模拟效果。结果表明岩溶水位、亏缺量、泉流量模拟结果的误差均小于0.5,多数误差值小于0.01,线性相关系数均大于0.7,说明所建模型能够较准确地在以年为单位的时间尺度上模拟泉流量、岩溶水位和亏缺量的变化。该模型考虑了人工补给量、管井开采量及煤矿排水量等人为因素,可用于宏观的地下水资源保护及管理。 相似文献
13.
渭北中部筛珠洞泉补给来源的再认识 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
筛珠洞泉位于中低山区与渭北黄土台塬区衔接地带。筛珠洞泉区地势整体趋势为西北高东南低,北部以中低山为主,海拔在1 200-1 600 m之间,多由裸露和隐伏碳酸盐岩组成;西南地势逐渐降低,海拔在800-1 000 m之间,为以唐王陵向斜为主的一系列褶皱构造,由奥陶系碎屑岩和碳酸盐岩组成;东南部地势呈阶梯状下降,山前地带海拔多在400-500 m之间,为裸露碳酸盐岩区与山前冲洪积扇区的接触地带。筛珠洞泉作为渭北中部最大的岩溶泉,对于其补给来源前人已做了大量的研究,较为一致的认识是泾河渗漏是筛珠洞泉最主要补给来源,且筛珠洞泉是渭北中部筛珠洞泉域隐伏岩溶系统的集中排泄点。本文根据氢、氧和锶同位素的研究成果,结合水文地球化学及岩溶水文地质条件,对筛珠洞泉的补给来源提出了与前人研究不同的认识,即筛珠洞泉的补给以筛珠洞泉域外西南部岩溶地下水为主;在所有的补给来源中,大气降水、河水及岩溶水所占比例分别为11%、37%和52%;在岩溶水补给中,西南部、西北部及坝址区岩溶水所占比例分别为77.9%、19.7%和2.4%。在此基础上,本文还根据氚同位素资料估算筛珠洞主泉岩溶水的平均滞留时间为62-64年。 相似文献
14.
I. Engelhardt R. Rausch U. Lang M. Al-Saud C. Schüth 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2013,69(2):557-570
A large-scale numerical flow and transport model was developed for the central-eastern arid part of the Arabian Peninsula. The model was applied to a region with freshwater resources dating back to more humid periods of the past, which are faced with overexploitation today. Model inflow was based on infiltration around wadi beds and groundwater recharge. Inflow was balanced by natural outflows, such as evaporation from sabkhas, spring discharge, and discharge to the sea. Two models were developed: (1) a short-term present-day model to estimate effective model parameters, and (2) a long-term model to study the development of the groundwater resources during the Mid- and Late Holocene and the natural response of the groundwater system to changes in climate. Hydraulic model parameters (hydraulic conductivity and specific storage) were assigned with respect to geological structures. Hydraulic parameters were estimated with an inverse PEST model by calibrating against observed depression cones cause by groundwater abstraction. Sensitivity analysis demonstrated that estimated model parameters were associated with a high uncertainty at a certain distance from agricultural areas when calibration data were lacking. A long-term model starting 10,000 years BP was calibrated by spring discharge and palaeo-groundwater levels and validated using measured 14C groundwater ages. The long-model predicted that groundwater levels adapted in response to changes in precipitation. During the Mid-Holocene, which was characterized by an intensification of the monsoon season, groundwater levels increased by 10 m on the mainland within the shallow aquifers and adapted quickly to higher recharge rates. The deeper aquifers were less affected by changes in climate. Along the present-day coastline, the groundwater level rose by about 25 m due to the declined sea level in the Mid-Holocene. During this period, surface run-off was possible as groundwater levels temporarily reached the ground surface. The natural groundwater budget reacted sensitively to changes in climate. Between 10 and 3 ka, groundwater storage occurred. During the Late Holocene, at 3 ka, natural depletion of the groundwater system began, which still prevails today. 相似文献
15.
辛安泉域是山西第二大岩溶泉,是长治市生活主要供水水源,根据其地质和含水岩性特征,从其补径排规律上,分析了泉域接受降水补给的年内和年际特点.并建立其裸露区降水补给模型.得出降雨补给泉水滞后6a以上,最长可达10a,降水丰枯与泉水的不一致变化趋势.近年降水减少是泉水流量下降的主要原因,应合理开采,以保泉水常流不竭. 相似文献
16.
Satiprasad Sahoo Anirban Dhar Anupam Debsarkar Amlanjyoti Kar 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2018,77(9):341
The present study focuses on an assessment of the impact of future water demand on the hydrological regime under land use/land cover (LULC) and climate change scenarios. The impact has been quantified in terms of streamflow and groundwater recharge in the Gandherswari River basin, West Bengal, India. dynamic conversion of land use and its effects (Dyna-CLUE) and statistical downscaling model (SDSM) are used for quantifying the future LULC and climate change scenarios, respectively. Physical-based semi-distributed model Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) is used for estimating future streamflow and spatiotemporally distributed groundwater recharge. Model calibration and validation have been performed using discharge data (1990–2016). The impacts of LULC and climate change on hydrological variables are evaluated with three scenarios (for the years 2030, 2050 and 2080). Temperature Vegetation Dyrness Index (TVDI) and evapotranspiration (ET) are considered for estimation of water-deficit conditions in the river basin. Exceedance probability and recurrence interval representation are considered for uncertainty analysis. The results show increased discharge in case of monsoon season and decreased discharge in case of the non-monsoon season for the years 2030 and 2050. However, a reverse trend is obtained for the year 2080. The overall increase in groundwater recharge is visible for all the years. This analysis provides valuable information for the irrigation water management framework. 相似文献
17.
Aquifer response to regional climate variability in a part of Kashmir Himalaya in India 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Gh Jeelani 《Hydrogeology Journal》2008,16(8):1625-1633
Forty major perennial springs, under different lithological controls, in a part of Kashmir Himalaya in India were studied to understand the response of spring discharges to regional climate variability. The average monthly spring discharge is high in Triassic Limestone-controlled springs (karst springs) and low in alluvium- and Karewa-controlled springs. In general, the measured monthly spring discharges show an inverse relation with the monthly precipitation data. However, a direct correlation exists between the spring discharges and the degree of snow/ice melt. The results suggest that the creation of a low and continuous (but stable) recharge from the Triassic Limestone and Panjal Trap aquifers, due to blockage of groundwater flow between strata with contrasting hydraulic conductivity, attenuates the discharge and gives rise to small fluctuations in the alluvium- and Karewa-controlled springs. The average monthly discharge of the karst and alluvial springs showed an overall decreasing trend for two and a half decades, with the lowest discharge recorded in 2001. The study revealed that the regional/global warming and below-normal precipitation in the period of snow accumulation (PSA) has triggered the receding of glaciers and attenuation of spring discharges. 相似文献
18.
Human activities in the karst Ozark Plateaus can impact water quality of springs where surface water is rapidly transferred
to subsurface conduits. Bennett Spring, in southern Missouri, is the fourth largest spring in the state and supports local
tourism activities. Questions regarding poorly functioning on-site wastewater systems (OWS) have raised concerns over the
long-term water quality of the spring. This study reports the results of a surface water quality monitoring program in the
recharge area where monthly samples were collected at base flow to identify potential pollution sources to the spring. Base
flow hydrology of the recharge area was highly variable over the study period, which was drier than normal, causing an incomplete
sampling record due to no flow conditions at some sites. For most of the year, nutrient levels were less than the eutrophic
threshold (ET) of 0.075 mg/l total phosphorus (TP) and 1.5 mg/l total nitrogen (TN). Sites that consistently displayed concentrations
of TP and TN higher than the ET were influenced by wastewater treatment plants (WTP) or OWS. Sites with nutrient concentrations
above the ET were likely influenced by the re-release of nonpoint source related TP and TN delivered to streams during storm
events. Water quality and discharge at the spring outlet remained consistent over the sampling period suggesting diffuse recharge
from a deep aquifer source is able to dilute shallow ground water sources carrying nonpoint pollutants at base flow. Historical
and regional data comparisons show these trends have been consistent over at least the last two decades. 相似文献
19.
大气降水是抚松县矿泉水资源的重要补给来源,探究其变化规律及极值概率对泉流量是否能够得到持续补给具有重要意义。为此,首先利用1960~2013年的降水资料和1981~2008年部分泉流量观测数据,对抚松县降水量的年内分配、年际变化和不同年代降水量均值变化进行降水特征分析;之后,运用皮尔逊Ⅲ型模型分析最大年降水量的概率分布;接着,利用1981年7月~2008年11月期间降水量和部分泉的泉流量监测数据,采用连续小波分析法对二者周期进行分析;最后,运用交叉小波变换法对同一时段内降水量和泉流量多时间尺度变化的相关性进行分析。结果表明:1960~2013年的54间,研究区内年降水量呈现周期性变化,变差系数为1.017×10-17,降水稳定,未发生异常变化。降水量和泉流量均存在约11个月的主震荡周期,二者属于同相位(即泉流量对降水量的变化产生即刻反应),降水量作为本区矿泉水补给的重要影响因素,可为矿泉水资源得到有效补给提供保证。 相似文献
20.
敦煌月牙泉形成于第四纪全新世,距今约12 ka。因泉湖地处鸣沙山环抱之中,形似月牙并兼具沙水共生的淡水泉湖特征,成为世界瞩目的自然地理环境的重要地质遗迹。对月牙泉湖近百年水位动态变化进行了综合分析,认为月牙泉湖水位动态变化的综合原因可归结为气候和人为因素。1960年开始农业打井灌溉、党河水库和渠系的修建导致地下水补、排失衡,到2001年月牙泉湖水位下降9. 98 m,年均下降0. 24 m,致使区域性地下水位的下降是造成月牙泉湖水位下降的主要原因,气温的升高加大蒸发量是月牙泉湖水位动态变化的次要原因。通过月牙泉人工补水工程,2018~2019年月牙泉湖水位上升1. 58 m,湖水域面积由9472. 59 m2逐渐扩大到13334. 75 m2,昔日古人心中美丽的月牙泉面貌再次展现在我们的眼前。 相似文献