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1.
石油污染物的微生物降解 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
从炼油厂污水池底泥中富集、驯化、分离、筛选,得到4种优势石油降解菌。采用摇床培养,研究了各优势菌和混合菌对石油烃的降解性能。结果表明:4种菌和混合菌20 d可将初始质量浓度为10000 mg/L的石油烃依次降解90.8%、88.9%、57.8%、49.8%、91.2%;培养液中石油烃的半衰期依次为5.5、6、15、19、5 d。初步鉴定4种菌分别属:节细菌(Arthrobacter sp.)、芽胞杆菌(Bacillus sp.)、不动杆菌(Acinetobacter sp.)、不动杆菌(Acinetobacter sp.)。 相似文献
2.
This study of the petroleum hydrocarbons in coastal seawater, using dichloromethane extraction withO-terphenyl and n-C_(20) as internal standards, and gas chromatography with silica-capillary-column showedthat the recovery of petroleum hydrocarbons reaches 87.8% and that the lowest detection limit is 0.96μg.This method is reproducible, highly accurate, and applicable for determining the petroleum hydrocarbonsin coastal seawater. 相似文献
3.
Ground water samples from several private wells serving individual homes in Tiverton, Rhode Island were analyzed for petroleum
contamination over a 19-month period. The hydrocarbon concentrations initially ranged from 68 to 2350 ppb and then gradually
decreased to lower values, ranging from 6 to 1650 ppb, at the end of the study.
Samples from the well with the highest hydrocarbon concentration (2350 to 1650 ppb) were investigated in some detail because
this was considered a possible source of the petroleum contamination in the area. These studies indicated that most of the
hydrocarbons were in the dissolved phase (<1.0 μm) of the ground water and that it contained large amounts of naphthalene,
methyl and dimethyl naphthalenes, and ethyl naphthalenes. In addition, the qualitative distribution of hydrocarbons changed
as the concentration decreased over the course of the investigation. There appeared to be preferential loss of the more volatile
and easily degraded components relative to the higher molecular weight and more refractory hydrocarbons.
Some of the wells at this location are contaminated with at least two different petroleum products, i.e. gasoline and fuel
oil. The exact nature and source of the contaminant is not known; it may be spilled or leaking petroleum products, or other
materials containing petroleum hydrocarbons (e.g. commercial or industrial cleaning solutions). Based on differences in the
qualitative distribution of components, some of the wells contain hydrocarbons that have been environmentally altered or that
originate from a source other than the most contaminated well 相似文献
4.
南海北部鱼类石油烃含量地理差异原因浅析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
比较了南海北部海洋鱼类石油烃含量的地理差异,结果表明：被研究的5个海区中,广州湾海洋鱼类的石油烃含量明显高于北部湾（p＜0.05）和红海湾（P＜0．05）,该3个海区和珠江口明显高于台湾浅滩（p＜0.01）,其余的两两之间没有统计学差异（p＞0．05）。利用海洋环境质量调查和监测资料进行分析,说明这种地理分布特征与南海北部近岸海域的石油烃污染有直接关系。 相似文献
5.
根据2009年和2010年的调查资料,对崖城气田附近海域底栖动物污染物含量现状进行分析与评价。结果表明,2009年到2010年该气田附近生物体内污染物含量变化不明显,底栖动物未严重受到重金属和石油烃污染,该区域底栖动物各类群的生物质量状况良好,气田的开发活动对附近海区影响相对较小。 相似文献
6.
塔河北区块轻质原油与减氧空气在温度和压力作用下,探究其组分变化情况和耗氧量规律。在室内使用高温高压反应釜开展原油静态氧化实验,较为系统地研究不同含氧量及不同注气量的减氧空气对原油的氧化作用;并利用色谱分析对烃类分析,收集反应气体进行气体分析,气体组分和原油组分都有不同程度的变化。研究结果表明:①原油样本与减氧空气发生低温氧化反应,重质组分C21以上的组分均下降,低于C13的轻质组分含量均上升;②原油氧化效果随着含氧量上升而增强,反应过程组分对应"拐点"靠前;③含氧量一定时,改变油气比,反应对应的"拐点"不变;含氧量为下降趋势后趋于平缓;④低温氧化过程生成的CO2含量为上升趋势后趋于平缓;⑤在油藏温度（160℃）下,原油主要涉及2个反应热裂解和加氧反应。热裂解反应与含氧量无关,和温度有关,主要反应温度是160~200℃。高碳组分沥青质等重质组分会分解成饱和烃。加氧反应主要是芳香烃,胶质加氧反应也会生成沥青质。当2种反应同时存在时,沥青质参与热裂解的含量大于加氧反应芳香烃等生成的沥青质量,会导致沥青质含量减少。 相似文献
7.
Accumulation of petroleum hydrocarbons and heavy metals in clams （Ruditapes philippinarum） in Jiaozhou Bay, China 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Accumulation and distributions of aliphatic and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metals were measured in tissues
of the clam Ruditapes philippinarum collected from 5 sites in Jiaozhou Bay, Qingdao, China. The concentrations of total aliphatic hydrocarbon and PAHs ranged
from 570 to 2 574 ng/gdw (gram dry weight) and from 276 to 939 ng/gdw, in the most and least polluted sites, respectively.
The bio-accumulation of hydrocarbons and PAHs in the clams appeared to be selective. Aliphatic hydrocarbons were predominantly
represented by short chain (<nC23) n-alkanes, suggesting that petroleum hydrocarbons were likely the major contamination source. The selective uptake of 3 and
4 ring PAHs, such as naphthalene, fluorene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene and pyrene, by the clams was probably related to the
physiological and bio-kinetic processes that were energetically favorable for uptake of compounds with fewer rings. Accumulation
of the metals Cd, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr, Hg, and As in the clam tissues also showed high variability, ranging from 0.043 to 87 μg/gdw.
Among the 7 detected metals, Zn, Cd, Cu, and As had a particularly high potential of accumulation in R. philippinarum. In general, a positive correlation was found between the tissue concentrations and sediment concentrations of hydrocarbons
and of some metals. Our study suggests that moderate contamination with polyaromatic hydrocarbons, and low to moderate contamination
with metals, currently exists for clam R. philippinarum in Jiaozhou Bay, in comparison with other regional studies. A long-term monitoring program is certainly needed for assessment
of the potential ecological influence and toxicity of these contaminants of R. philippinarum in Jiaozhou Bay. 相似文献
8.
主要论述在以乙烯底油的HK-200℃馏分油为原料生产石油树脂过程中,使用的一种新的复合型AlCl3聚合反应催化剂,催化聚合反应机理,最佳聚合反应条件以及其残余物的分离方法等,为乙烯底油的综合利用-制取石油树脂-提供另一条合理而有效的途径。 相似文献
9.
主要论述在以乙烯底油的HK-200C馏分油为原料生产石油树脂过程中，使用的一种新的复合型AJCl3聚合反应催化剂。催化聚合反应机理．最佳聚合反应条件以及其残余物的分离方法等．为乙烯底油的综合利用一制取石油树脂一提供另一条合理而有效的途径。 相似文献
10.
11.
A field work has been carried out to identify the occurrence of oil and oil products pollution in mangrove sediment from Red Sea of Yemen. The concentration of total petroleum hydrocarbons is from 700ng/g at Kamaran Island station to 400 ng/g at Al-Hodiedah station, and the total organic carbon （TOC） in samples ranges from 0. 07% at Dhubab station to 0. 03% at Kamaran Island station. This pollution is as a result of localized oil pollution and/or heavy ship traffic in the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden. 相似文献
12.
Nabil A. AL-SHWAFI Abdulhakim AL-KHOLIDI Aref M. O. AL-JABALI and Nengjuan ZHOU 《世界地质(英文版)》2009,12(3):160-163
A field work has been carried out to identify the occurrence of oil and oil products pollution in mangrove sediment from Red Sea of Yemen. The concentration of total petroleum hydrocarbons is from 700 ng/g at Kamaran Island station to 400 ng/g at Al-Hodiedah station, and the total organic carbon ( TOC) in samples ranges from 0.07% at Dhubab station to 0.03% at Kamaran Island station. This pollution is as a result of localized oil pollution and /or heavy ship traffic in the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden. 相似文献
13.
Cai Laixing Xiao Guolin Zeng Zhigang Zhang Xunhua Guo Xingwei Wang Shuping 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2020,38(4):1169-1187
The South Yellow Sea Basin(SYSB) has multiple sets of proven source rocks and good hydrocarbon prospects,but no industrial oil and gas has been explored at present.To solve this puzzle for petroleum geologists,we systematically investigated the marine hydrocarbon geological conditions based on cores and testing data from borehole CSDP-2,the first exploration well with continuous coring in SYSB.The qualities of source rocks are evaluated in detail according to organic matter abundance,type,and maturity.The reservoir characterization mainly includes porosity,permeability,and reservoir space.Displacement pressure test and stratum thickness are the main foundations for defining the caprocks.Then,the oil-source rock correlation in the Permian and stratum model are analyzed to determine the favorable source-reservoir-caprock assemblages.The results show that three sets of effective source rocks(the Lower Triassic,Upper Permian,and Lower Permian),two sets of tight sandstone re servoirs(the Upper Permian and Lower Silurian-Upper Devonian),and two sets of caprocks(the Lower Triassic and Carboniferous) combine to constitute the hydrocarbon reservoir-forming as se mblages of "lower-ge neration and upper-accumlation" and "self-generation and self-accumlation",thus laying a solid foundation for promising petroleum prospects.The three sets of marine source rocks are characterized by successive generation and expulsion stages,which guarantees multistage hydrocarbon accumulation.Another three sets of continental source rocks distributed across the Middle Jurassic,Upper Cretaceous,and Paleogene depression areas,especially in the Northern Depression,may supplement some hydrocarbons for the Central Uplift through faults and the Indosinian unconformity.The favorable Permian exploration strata have been identified in the Central Uplift of SYSB.First,the Lower Permian and Upper Permian source rocks with high organic matter abundance and high thermal maturity supply sufficient hydrocarbons.Secondly,the interbedding relationship between the source rocks and sandstones in the Upper Permian strata ensures that hydrocarbons have been migrated into the nearby Upper Permian sandstones,reflecting near-source hydrocarbon accumulation.Finally,the good sealing property of the Lower Triassic Qinglong Formation caprocks plays an indispensable role in hydrocarbon preservation of the Permian reservoirs.This conclusion is supported by direct oil shows,gas logging anomalous layers,and hydrocarbon-bearing fluid inclusions. 相似文献
14.
The photochemical degradation of triadimefon in seawater was investigated under different reaction conditions in this study. The results showed that triadimefon could be effectively degraded by the irradiation of a high-pressure mercury lamp and the photodegradation rotes were influenced by aquatic media, heavy metal ions and photosensitizers. The photochemical degradation of triadimefon followed the first-order reaction kinetic behavior, with the rate constants ranging from 0.0027 to 0.0128 min-1 under the studied conditions. The photolysis of triadimefon was slower in natural seawater than in distilled water or synthetic seawater. All the heavy metal ions studied in this paper had inhibition effects on the photolysis of triadimefon. Acetone, as a common photosensitizer, could accelerate the photolysis of triadimefon. Three photoproducts were identified by GC-MS analysis. Our study confirmed that photochemical degradation is an effective pathway to remove triadimefon in seawater. 相似文献
15.
16.
有机污染物环境行为过程中的稳定同位素分馏效应研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
稳定同位素技术是近来发展起来用于识别和评价环境有机污染物来源和降解的新方法。介绍了近年来在实验室和现场对包括含氯有机试剂、石油烃类、多氯联苯等多种有机污染物在生物和非生物降解、挥发和吸附等物理过程中的稳定同位素分馏效应研究中所取得的成果和可能存在的问题,在此基础上,对稳定同位素分馏效应在污染物环境研究中面临的困难以及应用前景进行了论述,指出未来应拓展研究污染物种类,加强环境因素对稳定同位素分馏效应影响的研究。 相似文献
17.
在探讨高邮凹陷断层发育时期和分布特点的基础上,结合油气分布特点,分析了断层在油气成藏中的作用类型,并探讨了其作用机理。依据断层在油气生成、运移、聚集和分布环节中的作用,把断层分为控源断层、供烃断层、改向断层、成圈断层和调整破坏断层。控源断层控制有效烃源岩展布和生烃时期的早晚,高邮凹陷控源断层下降盘为有效烃源岩分布区,而且西部地区早于东部地区生烃;供烃断层控制油气主运移通道的走势,其陡断面和凸断面为高邮凹陷断裂带油气的主运移通道;改向断层影响油气的富集层位和油气富集区的位置,其对高邮凹陷油气分布的影响存在"分散"和"富集"两种效应;成圈断层控制圈闭的类型及分布;调整破坏断层导致圈闭充满程度和原油物性的改变,高邮凹陷调整破坏断层为盐城期和三垛期活动断层。高邮凹陷断层的多期性和多样性导致断层体系中各断层封闭性在时空上的差异性和多变性,从而形成对油气控制的多面性和复杂性。 相似文献
18.
用乙醇提取螺旋藻中的叶绿素，再用５％ＮａＯＨ溶液皂化、石油醚萃取，在酸性环境中用１０％ＣｕＳＯ４溶液实现铜镁置换，沉淀物经丙配溶解后，加２％ＮａＯＨ的乙醇溶液成盐，过滤，水洗，真空干燥，制成叶绿素铜钠盐．制品的质量达到ＧＢ３２６２－８２的要求．提取率为６４．７％，制品得率占藻粉１．１％。着重对铜镁置换的条件、制品耐酸、耐热、耐光等性能进行了对比试验，结果表明整个工艺是切实可行的． 相似文献
19.
In order to synthesize an improved adsorbent for heavy metal ions, we studied the condensation reaction of chitosan with salicylaldehyde
in ethanol to form a Schiff base. The effect irradiating the reaction using an ultrasonic liquid processor was contrasted
with conventional methods. The IR spectra of condensed chitosan prepared by the two methods showed that their molecular structures
were identical. The reaction conditions, including solvents, ultrasonic power density and irradiation time, pH, and reactant
ratio, were optimized by orthogonal design. A shorter reaction time and a higher product yield were obtained using ultrasonic-assisted
synthesis compared with the traditional method. A condensation degree of 89.63% was achieved using the optimized conditions:
i.e. ultrasonic irradiation at 180 W for 60 min; 95% ethanol as the solvent, pH 4.0, and salicylaldehyde:chitosan ratio of
6:1. 相似文献
20.
Ying Wang Jiang Feng Qianxin Lin Xianguo Lyu Xiaoyu Wang Guoping Wang 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2013,23(6):708-715
Large oilfields are often coincidentally located in major river deltas and wetlands, and potentially damage the structure, function and ecosystem service values of wetlands during oil exploration. In the present study, the effects of crude oil contamination during oil exploration on soil physical and chemical properties were investigated in marshes of the Momoge National Nature Reserve in Jilin Province, China. The concentrations of total petroleum hydrocarbons in the marsh soil near the oil wells are significantly higher than those in the adjacent control marsh. Soil water contents in oil-contaminated marshes are negatively correlated with soil temperature and are significantly lower than those in the control area, especially in fall. Crude oil contamination significantly increases the soil pH up to 8.0, and reduces available phosphorus concentrations in the soil. The concentrations of total organic carbon are significantly different among sampling sites. Therefore, crude oil contamination could potentially alkalinize marsh soils, adversely affect soil fertility and physical properties, and cause deterioration of the marshes in the Momoge National Nature Reserve. Phyto-remediation by planting Calamagrostis angustifolia has the potential to simultaneously restore and remediate the petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated wetlands. Crude oil contamination affects the soil physical and chemical properties, so developing an effective restoration program in the Momoge wetland is neccesary. 相似文献