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1.
退耕还林对黄土高原地区土壤有机碳影响预测   总被引:17,自引:0,他引:17  
土壤碳是全球碳循环中的重要组成部分,土地利用方式的改变对土壤碳的源和汇具有很大的影响。黄土高原地区进行的大规模退耕还林必然会通过影响土壤有机碳含量对区域碳循环产生重要影响。通过野外调查采样分析,结合使用全国土壤普查及黄土高原地区其它土地资源数据资料,研究计算了黄土高原地区的土壤有机碳量,并对实施退耕还林后土壤碳储量变化进行了预测。黄土高原地区土壤有机碳含量较低,平均土壤有机碳密度为2.49kg/m^2,仅为全国平均土壤有机碳密度的23.65%,土壤有机碳总储量为1068Tg,只占全国总有机碳量的1.16%。实施退耕还林后,土壤有机碳储量将明显增加。分步优化实施退耕30年后,黄土高原土壤有机碳储量可增至1266.8Tg,有机碳储量总体可增长19.21%。土壤有机碳储量的增加,对区域气候变化及土壤和水环境都将产生影响.  相似文献   

2.
为了了解干旱区城市湿地公园不同植物生长区土壤的储碳能力,在宁夏回族自治区银川市鸣翠湖国家湿地公园中,在香蒲(Typha orientalis)、荷花(Nelumbo nucifera)、石菖蒲(Acorus tatarinowii)和芦苇(Phragmites australis)生长区,分别设置采样地,于2018年5月8日,采集0~10 cm、10~20 cm、20~40 cm和40~60 cm深度的土壤样品,测定土样的有机碳及其组分含量,分析土壤有机碳及其组分含量与土壤其它理化指标的关系。研究结果表明,香蒲、荷花、石菖蒲和芦苇生长区0~60 cm深度各土层的土壤有机碳质量比平均值分别为20.85 g/kg、16.35 g/kg、7.23 g/kg和4.48 g/kg,土壤易氧化碳质量比平均值分别为6.17 g/kg、4.53 g/kg、2.57 g/kg和1.16 g/kg;与其它植物生长区对应深度的土壤有机碳和易氧化碳含量相比,香蒲生长区0~10 cm、10~20 cm和20~40 cm深度土壤有机碳和易氧化碳含量显著偏高,荷花生长区40~60 cm深度土壤有机碳和易氧化碳含量显著偏高;与其它植物生长区对应深度的土壤颗粒有机碳含量相比,香蒲生长区0~10 cm、10~20 cm土壤颗粒有机碳含量显著偏高,荷花生长区20~40 cm和40~60 cm深度土壤颗粒有机碳含量显著偏高;荷花生长区各深度土壤可溶性有机碳含量显著高于其它植物生长区;各植物生长区土壤有机碳含量及其组分的含量与土壤砂粒含量、粉粒含量、全氮含量和pH显著相关。  相似文献   

3.
2013年8月,以位于新疆维吾尔自治区天山中部的巴音布鲁克天鹅湖湿地为研究区,通过野外调查和采样,对巴音布鲁克天鹅湖湿地植物、土壤和水体有机碳含量进行了研究,估算了该湿地的有机碳密度和储量。结果表明,天鹅湖湿地土壤有机碳密度为5.10 kg/m2,植物地上部分的有机碳密度为0.13 kg/m2,植物地下部分的有机碳密度为2.55 kg/m2,水体有机碳质量浓度为12.78 mg/L;天鹅湖湿地总有机碳储量约为51.675×108kg,其中,植物地上部分的总有机碳储量为1.123×108kg,占总有机碳储量的2.17%;土壤总有机碳储量为33.599×108kg,占65.02%;植物地下部分的总有机碳储量为16.945×108kg,占32.79%;水体总有机碳储量约为0.008×108kg,占0.02%。  相似文献   

4.
闽东滨海湿地土壤有机碳含量分布格局   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
为了揭示闽东滨海湿地土壤有机碳的分布格局,对闽东滨海不同类型湿地土壤有机碳含量进行了测定和分析.结果表明,不同湿地类型0~60 cm土壤有机碳含量介于5.34~12.94 g/kg之间,平均值为7.78 g/kg.其中,红树林的有机碳含量为12.94 g/kg;稻田的有机碳含量为8.67 g/kg;水产养殖场的有机碳含量为6.64 g/kg;水域的有机碳含量为5.81 g/kg;潮间裸滩的有机碳含量为5.33 g/kg.土壤有机碳含量垂直分布格局为裸滩和水域由表及里逐渐减少;稻田呈现先减小后增大的趋势;而红树林与水产养殖场的土壤有机碳含量都在20~40cm土层达到最大值.闽东滨海湿地土壤有机碳水平分布格局为霞浦县最大,蕉城区次之,福鼎市最低.不同湿地类型土壤有机碳储量也不同,红树林的有机碳储量为5.66 kt/km2;稻田的有机碳储量为3.42 kt/km2;水产养殖场的有机碳储量为2.75 kt/km2;水域的有机碳储量为2.69 kt/km2;潮间裸滩的有机碳储量为2.11 kt/km2.土壤有机碳含量与全氮含量、碳氮比呈显著正相关(p<0.01),与pH呈显著负相关(p<0.01),表明在土壤中的氮主要以有机氮的形态存在.  相似文献   

5.
 以木兰围场国有林场管理局实施间伐后6种保留密度下(540、650、1 084、1 104、1 408和1 860 株 / hm2)油松人工林为研究对象,研究各土层的土壤有机碳和N、P、K等养分元素含量及其相关关系。研究结果显示:(1) 土壤有机碳含量和碳密度垂直递减特征明显,均随土壤深度的增加而显著减小,当林分密度由540 株 / hm2增加到1 860 株 / hm2时,土壤有机碳含量及碳密度变化规律不尽一致,其分布区间分别为10.56~21.21 g / kg,与5.48~11.70 kg / m2;(2) 林分密度对土壤有机碳及碳密度有显著的影响,1 408 株 / hm2油松林下土壤有机碳含量及碳密度分别与650 株 / hm2和1 860 株 / hm2油松林下土壤有机碳含量及碳密度呈显著性差异,而其它林分密度间无显著差异。当林分密度为1 104 株 / hm2时,各土层土壤全N和P、K的有效量及全量均保持在一个相对较高的水平,在0~60 cm深度土壤全N、全P、全K、有效P和速效K含量均值均达到最高,分别为1.38 g/kg、0.34 g/kg、32.75 g/kg、33.10 mg/kg和118.85 mg/kg;(3) 不同林分密度、不同土层土壤有机碳含量、碳密度与土壤全N及P、K的全量和有效量的相关显著性有差异,对整个土壤剖面而言,土壤有机碳含量及碳密度与土壤全N、全P、速效K均呈显著或极显著正相关;(4) 在本研究林分密度范围内,从林地土壤固碳的角度,建议将油松人工林的林分密度控制在1 104 株 / hm2。  相似文献   

6.
基于GIS的安徽省土壤有机碳密度的空间分布特征   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9  
在GIS技术支持下,建立安徽省土壤数据库,揭示安徽省土壤有机碳密度空间分布特征.结果表明:安徽省0-100cm土体中土壤有机碳密度在0.92-40.97 kg/m2之间,均值为10.39 kg/m2;从空间分布上看,从北向南有机碳密度逐渐增加,有机碳密度大部分在3~19 kg/m2之间,其分布面积占总面积的89.72%;在各土壤类型中山地草甸土有机碳密度最大,而潮土、黄褐土、石质土有机碳密度较小;草地的有机碳密度最大,耕地最小;土壤有机碳密度与海拔高度之间存在高度相关,随着坡度、降雨量的增加,平均有机碳密度逐渐加大.  相似文献   

7.
以2004~2006年间野外采样数据,采用土壤类型法对川中丘陵区(内江、资阳和遂宁三市)紫色土表层土壤有机碳密度及储量进行估算,分析了土壤有机碳密度的分布差异。据统计研究区紫色土面积为9070.19km^2,研究结果:表层土壤有机碳密度介于3.32kgC/m^2~1.71kgC/m^2间,具有高度的变异性,表层土壤有机碳储量为1.84Tg。并对影响紫色土有机碳分布的母质、地形和土地利用方式等因素进行了分析:不同成土母质上发育的表层土壤有机碳密度有差异,但均与母岩及其风化物有较强的相关性;主要土属从丘顶到丘脚土壤有机碳密度均逐渐增高;不同土地利用方式下土壤有机碳密度不同,但基本遵循疏林地〉荒草地〉坡耕地的规律。  相似文献   

8.
闽江河口区盐—淡水梯度下芦苇沼泽土壤有机碳特征   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
为了阐明盐—淡水梯度下河口潮汐沼泽土壤有机碳特征,对闽江河口盐—淡水梯度下芦苇(Phragmites australis)沼泽土壤有机碳含量、储量及其影响因子进行了测定与分析。结果表明,随着芦苇沼泽由淡水向半咸水沼泽演替,沼泽土壤粘粒和粉粒组成都在增加,土壤pH、容重和砂粒组成则在减小;尤溪洲湿地、蝙蝠洲湿地和鳝鱼滩湿地上分布的芦苇沼泽0~60cm土壤的有机碳含量分别为11.56~14.72g/kg、14.01~19.72g/kg和20.93~22.89g/kg,其平均值分别为12.47g/kg、16.62g/kg和21.97g/kg;3个采样点的0~60cm深度各层土壤有机碳储量范围分别为1408.71~1670.31t/km2、1328.44~1659.80t/km2和1319.93~1677.96t/km2,其平均值分别为1534.13t/km2、1548.12t/km2和1569.22t/km2;3块湿地芦苇沼泽0~60cm土壤的总有机碳储量分别为9204.79t/km2、9288.71t/km2和9415.35t/km2。在盐—淡水梯度下,芦苇沼泽土壤有机碳含量和储量都表现为随着盐度的增加而升高;盐—淡水梯度下沼泽土壤有机碳含量受到多个因子的调控。  相似文献   

9.
高寒草甸土壤有机碳储量及其垂直分布特征   总被引:24,自引:0,他引:24  
青藏高原是全球变化的敏感区。高寒草甸草原是青藏高原上最主要的放牧利用草地资源之一。选择青藏高原东北隅海北站内具有代表性的高寒草甸土壤进行高分辨率采样,测定土壤根系和有机碳含量。研究得出,青藏高原高寒草甸土壤贮存有巨大的根系生物量 (23544.60 kg ha-1~27947 kg ha-1) 和土壤有机碳 (21.52 GtC);自然土壤表层 (0~10 cm) 储存了整个剖面土壤有机碳总量的30%左右。比较发现,高寒草甸土壤的有机碳平均贮存量 (23.17×104 kgCha-1) (0~60 cm) 较相应深度的热带森林土壤、灌丛土壤和草地土壤的有机碳贮存量高约1~5倍多。在全球碳预算研究中,青藏高原高寒草甸土壤有机碳库不可忽视。随着全球变暖,表层土壤有机碳分解释放的CO2将增加。为了减少高寒草甸生态系统的碳排放,应加强高寒草甸土壤地表覆被的保护,合理种植深根系植物。这对减缓全球大气CO2浓度升高的速率以及可持续开发高寒草甸的生态服务功能都具有重要意义。  相似文献   

10.
湿地是陆地生态系统的重要组成部分,在陆地碳库和固碳中具有重要作用。全球湿地碳库的稳定对减少土地利用变化引起的温室气体释放及减缓气候变化具有重要意义。以升金湖国家级自然保护区的典型滩地为研究对象,采用静态箱—气相色谱法对土壤CO2释放通量进行观测和测定,并进一步分析土壤有机碳库的分布,探讨了滩地土壤呼吸动态和碳库稳定性。研究结果表明,升金湖0~20 cm滩地土壤有机碳含量为11.47~22.25 g/kg,有机碳密度为3.78~4.58 kg/m2,平均有机碳密度为4.11 kg/m2,土壤CO2-C释放通量为111.7~499.5mg/(m2.h);滩地土壤有机碳密度和CO2-C释放通量高于周边地区的水稻土土壤,且其有机碳稳定系数偏低,这表明升金湖滩地土壤有机碳库自身具有较高的稳定性,这是滩地土壤有机碳保持的一种机制,在气候变暖背景下,滩地土壤有机碳库的脆弱性将增加。  相似文献   

11.
松辽平原黑土有机碳含量时空分异规律   总被引:15,自引:2,他引:13  
松辽平原典型黑土分布区土壤有机碳的空间分异规律及不同开垦年限土壤有机碳含量变化的研究结果表明:随着纬度的增加,黑土总有机碳平均含量由11.43g/kg增加至20.83g/kg,有机碳组分含量和HA/FA比值均表现出增加的趋势。随着土壤剖面加深,黑土总有机碳及其组分含量均呈下降的趋势,土壤中的HA-C逐步被FA-C和HU-C所替代。土壤开垦前50年,黑土总有机碳及其组分含量下降迅速,以后下降趋于缓慢,至开垦130年后,有机碳含量水平基本处于相对稳定状态,变化不明显。  相似文献   

12.
皖江自然湿地土壤碳密度及其开垦为农田后的变化   总被引:7,自引:1,他引:6  
于2005年分别采集了安徽沿江4个淡水湖泊的自然湿地及其周边围垦农田的代表性土壤剖面样品,测定了总有机碳含量,讨论了天然淡水湿地有机碳密度与深度分布特征及其开垦为农田后的变化。结果显示,湿地表层(0~30cm)和全剖面(0~100cm)中的碳密度分别为42.5~57.4t/hm^2和81.5~91.6t/hm^2;而农田则分别为22.4~48.4t/hm^2和41.4~76.5t/hm^2。湿地开垦为农田后,土壤表层和全剖面的土壤有机碳含量明显降低,且有机碳含量的变异性增大。表明湿地开垦为农田后,其碳库失去稳定性。但是,开垦的旱地土壤的有机碳含量和碳密度显著低于开垦的稻田,故湿地开垦为旱地更不利于湿地碳库保护。因而,将湿地垦殖为水田是相对较有利于湿地碳库保护的人为土地利用方式。湿地开垦的碳库损失可能是土壤的大气CO2源效应的主要途径。  相似文献   

13.
Land-use and soil management affects soil organic carbon (SOC) pools, nitrogen, salinity and the depth distribution. The objective of this study was to estimate land-use effects on the distribution of SOC, labile fractions C, nitrogen (N) and salinity in saline-alkaline wetlands in the middle reaches of the Heihe River Basin. Three land-use types were selected: intact saline-alkaline meadow wetland, artificial shrubbery (planting Tamarix) and farmland (cultivated for 18 years) of soils previously under meadow wetland. SOC, easily oxidized carbon, microbial biomass carbon, total N, NO3--N and salinity concentrations were measured. The results show that SOC and labile fraction carbon contents decreased significantly with increasing soil depth in the three land-use wetlands. The labile fraction carbon contents in the topsoil (0-20cm) in cultivated soils were significantly higher than that in intact meadow wetland and artificial shrubbery soil. The aboveground biomass and soil permeability were the primary influencing factors on the contents of SOC and the labile carbon in the intact meadow wetland and artificial shrubbery soil, however, the farming practice was a factor in cultivated soil. Agricultural measures can effectively reduce the salinity contents; however, it caused a significant increase of NO 3--N concentrations which posed a threat to groundwater quality in the study area.  相似文献   

14.
土地利用方式对土壤有机碳和团聚体组分特征的影响   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
以广东省内第四纪红色黏土、玄武岩和花岗岩母质发育的土壤为研究对象,采集不同土地利用方式(水田、旱地、林地、果园/草地)下表层(0~15 cm)和亚表层(15~30 cm)土壤,研究土壤有机碳及其组分(腐殖质碳、易氧化有机碳)、土壤团聚体及其稳定性,分析土壤有机碳及其组分与土壤团聚体及其稳定性之间的相互关系。结果表明:土地利用类型、成土母质等影响土壤有机碳及其组分。3种母质发育的土壤中,各腐殖质组分占有机碳的比例是胡敏酸碳(HAC)<富里酸碳(FAC)<胡敏素碳(HMC),第四纪红色黏土母质发育土壤腐殖酸碳(HAC+FAC)以草地最高、水田最低;玄武岩、花岗岩母质发育土壤腐殖酸碳以果园最高。土壤中易氧化有机碳所占比例均高于惰性态,第四纪红色黏土母质发育土壤易氧化有机碳占有机碳比例以草地最高、旱地最低;玄武岩、花岗岩为果园最高、林地最低。3种母质发育土壤团聚体(湿筛)主要以<0.25 mm微团聚体为主,表层土壤>0.25 mm团聚体所占比例、团聚体平均重量直径(MWD)、团聚体破坏率(PAD)大于亚表层。土壤有机碳各组分均随着有机碳质量分数的增加而增加,>0.25 mm团聚体质量分数和团聚体MWD随着土壤有机碳及其组分质量分数的增加而增大;PAD随着土壤易氧化碳组分质量分数增加而降低,易氧化有机碳组分有利于土壤中形成较大的团聚体,并增加团聚体水稳性。  相似文献   

15.
人工固沙区土壤碳分布及其与土壤属性的关系   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
陈永乐  张志山  赵洋 《中国沙漠》2017,37(2):296-304
选择腾格里沙漠东南缘沙坡头地区不同年代建立的人工固沙林(1964、1981、1990年)及临近的流动沙丘,对0~3.0 m剖面上的土壤进行取样和分析,以探讨固沙植被的建立和发展对土壤碳(有机碳和无机碳)分布的影响及其与土壤属性的关系。结果表明:在流动沙丘建立人工固沙植被近50年后,表层(0~0.1 m)土壤有机碳和无机碳含量均明显增加,土壤有机碳含量为1.95 g·kg-1,是流动沙丘的6.67倍,无机碳含量为4.19 g·kg-1,是流动沙丘的1.46倍。将土壤剖面划分为3层后(0~0.4,0.4~1.0、1.0~3.0 m)分析显示,从流动沙丘到1964年固沙区,土壤有机碳密度显著增加(0.18 kg·m-2到0.52 kg·m-2),且浅层(0~0.4 m)的增加快于深层(1.0~3.0 m);同时,浅层有机碳密度在整个剖面中所占比例显著增加(14.3%到30.4%),而深层减少(64.8%到51.6%)。浅层和深层无机碳密度均有增加趋势,但差异不显著。冗余分析显示,土壤细颗粒含量、水分有效性、总氮含量、总磷含量、pH值和电导率与土壤碳密度关系密切,解释了土壤碳密度86.2%的变异。土壤有机碳密度与土壤细颗粒、总氮总磷含量及水分有效性、电导率极显著正相关(P<0.001);土壤无机碳密度与土壤细颗粒、总磷含量及水分有效性、总氮含量显著正相关(P<0.05)。在1.0~3.0 m和0~3.0 m剖面上,土壤有机碳密度与土壤水分含量分别存在显著和极显著的负相关关系(P<0.05和P<0.01)。  相似文献   

16.
Afforestation in China’s subtropics plays an important role in sequestering CO2 from the atmosphere and in storage of soil carbon (C). Compared with natural forests, plantation forests have lower soil organic carbon (SOC) content and great potential to store more C. To better evaluate the effects of afforestation on soil C turnover, we investigated SOC and its stable C isotope (δ13C) composition in three planted forests at Qianyanzhou Ecological Experimental Station in southern China. Litter and soil samples were collected and analyzed for total organic C, δ13C and total nitrogen. Similarly to the vertical distribution of SOC in natural forests, SOC concentrations decrease exponentially with depth. The land cover type (grassland) before plantation had a significant influence on the vertical distribution of SOC. The SOC δ13C composition of the upper soil layer of two plantation forests has been mainly affected by the grass biomass 13C composition. Soil profiles with a change in photosynthetic pathway had a more complex 13C isotope composition distribution. During the 20 years after plantation establishment, the soil organic matter sources influenced both the δ13C distribution with depth, and C replacement. The upper soil layer SOC turnover in masson pine (a mean 34% of replacement in the 10 cm after 20 years) was more than twice as fast as that of slash pine (16% of replacement) under subtropical conditions. The results demonstrate that masson pine and slash pine plantations cannot rapidly sequester SOC into long-term storage pools in subtropical China.  相似文献   

17.
美国俄亥俄州土壤有机碳密度空间分布(英文)   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
Historical database of National Soil Survey Center containing 1424 geo-referenced soil profiles was used in this study for estimating the organic carbon(SOC) for the soils of Ohio,USA.Specific objective of the study was to estimate the spatial distribution of SOC density(C stock per unit area) to 1.0-m depth for soils of Ohio using geographically weighted regression(GWR),and compare the results with that obtained from multiple linear regression(MLR).About 80% of the analytical data were used for calibration and 20% for validation.A total of 20 variables including terrain attributes,climate data,bedrock geology,and land use data were used for mapping the SOC density.Results showed that the GWR provided better estimations with the lowest(3.81 kg m 2) root mean square error(RMSE) than MLR approach.Total estimated SOC pool for soils in Ohio ranged from 727 to 742 Tg.This study demonstrates that,the local spatial statistical technique,the GWR can perform better in capturing the spatial distribution of SOC across the study region as compared to other global spatial statistical techniques such as MLR.Thus,GWR enhances the accuracy for mapping SOC density.  相似文献   

18.
第四纪环境研究新理论   总被引:4,自引:4,他引:0  
On the basis of extensive survey to the Quatemary paleosols, soils and weathering layers in the vast northern China and the Loess Plateau, we found some unusually special phenomena of chemical components such as unsuccessive illuvium, twin illuviums, unusually thick illuvium and multi-illuviums etc. According to the analysis on the content of CaCO3 and the data of penetrating experiment, a new theory of illuvial depth or removal depth of CaCO3 in weathering and leaching belt was constructed, which indicates that the time of CaCO3 removing to the illuvial depth is very short,and the effect of time factor on illuvial depth can be ignored. The theory can be taken as a credible foundation for studying many geological and geographical problems in weathering and leaching belt.When the illuvial depth of CaCO3 iS bigger than the thickness of developing belt of soil or paleosol, it can be determined that the paleosol has turned into weathering crust. When the illuvial depth of CaCO3 is bigger than the thickness of paleosol, paleosol is leaching moderately acid soil. When two, three layers or unusually thick CaCO3 illuviums exist in the same weathering section or at the bottom of the same paleosol, there were two or more periods forming paleosol and corresponding climatic stages at that time. On the basis of the equation of relationship between mean annual rainfall (y) and illuvial depth of CaCO3 (x) (y = 305.5x 168.5) determined in the paper, mean annual precipitation during the development of paleosol can be calculated.  相似文献   

19.
ZHAO Jingbo 《地理学报》2004,14(2):242-250
On the basis of extensive survey to the Quaternary paleosols, soils and weathering layers in the vast northern China and the Loess Plateau, we found some unusually special phenomena of chemical components such as unsuccessive illuvium, twin illuviums, unusually thick illuvium and multi-illuviums etc. According to the analysis on the content of CaCO3 and the data of penetrating experiment, a new theory of illuvial depth or removal depth of CaCO3 in weathering and leaching belt was constructed, which indicates that the time of CaCO3 removing to the illuvial depth is very short, and the effect of time factor on illuvial depth can be ignored. The theory can be taken as a credible foundation for studying many geological and geographical problems in weathering and leaching belt. When the illuvial depth of CaCO3 is bigger than the thickness of developing belt of soil or paleosol, it can be determined that the paleosol has turned into weathering crust. When the illuvial depth of CaCO3 is bigger than the thickness of paleosol, paleosol is leaching moderately acid soil. When two, three layers or unusually thick CaCO3 illuviums exist in the same weathering section or at the bottom of the same paleosol, there were two or more periods forming paleosol and corresponding climatic stages at that time. On the basis of the equation of relationship between mean annual rainfall (y) and illuvial depth of CaCO3 (x) (y = 305.5x + 168.5) determined in the paper, mean annual precipitation during the development of paleosol can be calculated.  相似文献   

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