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利用激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子质谱 (LA- ICPMS)对扬子克拉通宜昌三峡地区早奥陶世不同时期海相碳酸盐岩地层中的牙形石个体进行了原位分析,并与已发表的世界其他地区古海水的稀土元素 (REE)组成进行了比较,利用 REE和微量元素组成、δ Ce和 Sm/Nd比值等地球化学指标恢复了该时期古海水的地球化学性质.结果表明,该区早奥陶世牙形石的 REE和微量元素地球化学异常与海平面的升降、古环境的变化有关联,与已有的古生物地层、古地理研究结果一致.因此,牙形石的 REE和微量元素地球化学特征可以在古环境再造过程中发挥重要的作用. 相似文献
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古-中生代之交发生了许多重要的地质事件,包括“Pangea”大陆的解体、大火成岩省的喷发、晚古生代大冰期的消逝、极端高温事件、两次生物大灭绝以及迟缓的生物复苏等.牙形石作为该时期主要的标准化石,是进行地层对比以及生物与环境协同演化研究的重要依据.近些年,此阶段的牙形石相关研究取得了许多重要的进展,这些新的材料和技术手段上的突破,为人们进行高精度的地层对比、定量重建该时期地球的生物及环境演变起到了关键作用.本文系统地对该时期全球牙形石的研究,包括牙形石的生物学、地层学以及地球化学研究等进行了总结,也提出了部分亟待解决的问题.未来,随着更多技术手段的开发以及更多基础材料的发现,将加强研究人员对该时期牙形石演化的理解,必然也会在研究这段地质历史转折与突变期的古海洋、古环境、古生物过程中发挥更大的作用. 相似文献
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中国微体古生物学会成立大会及第一次学术会议于1979年3月21日至27日在长沙召开。到会代表180多人,煤炭系统有5名代表参加了会议。会议上成立了中国微体古生物学会,陈旭教授当选为理事长,我系统甘肃煤田地质勘探公司化验室李祖望同志当选为理事。会议交流了有孔虫、介形类、(竹蜓)类、轮藻、牙形石等微体古生物门类近三十年来的研究成果。有研究微体古生物化石指导找矿、利用微体古生物群解决地层划分方面的研究报告,也有微体古生物分类、演化的研究,微体古生物化石新种属的鉴定命名,现代有孔虫、介形虫生态环境的研究,微体化石分析研究新方法等方面的研究论文。 相似文献
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鲁西地区晚寒武世地层发育，产有数量丰富、分异度大的原始真牙形石分子，经笔者研究，建立了2新属、2新种及2未定种Camconodontus rotundatus geo et sp．nov．，Camconodontus sp．，Laiwunodus lateronodus gen et sp．nov．，Laiwunodus sp．；对Das ytodus属进行了补充修订，建立了1新种Dasytodus posteronodus sp．nov．。这些属种的建立丰富了对已有原始真牙形石概念的认识。基于内部构造的观察，对原始真牙形石及部分易混淆的副牙形石进行正确的分类。以此为基础，分析、总结了这些分子外部形态上的差异，选用的分类原则和标准是从一般到特殊、特征明显程度逐渐降低，划分出了三类原始真牙形石和一类副牙形石，这在很大程度上简化了早期真牙形石分类研究的复杂性，为早期真牙形石的深入研究奠定了基础。 相似文献
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本文通过重新测制剖面和补充采样,系统检查和研究了崖脚剖面晚泥盆世晚期—晚石炭世早期牙形石生物地层。通过对在17个牙形石样品中获得的丰富的牙形石材料鉴定,厘定了一些重要牙形石分类。在此基础上,根据牙形石垂向分布特征,确定了带化石的层位。崖脚剖面五指山组上部和巴平组划分出7个牙形石带:五指山组上部为Palmatolepis graciliss辔moidalis带;巴平组下段分别为Siphonodella duplicate带,S.crenulata带,S.isosticha带,Scaliognathus preaanchoralis带和S.anchoralis带下部;巴平组上段为S.anchoralis带上部和Declinognathodas noduliferus noduliferus亚带;巴平组的牙形石带特征显示巴平组的地质时代为晚泥盆世—晚石炭世早期。巴平组地质时代的确定为不同相区层序地层划分,特别是对早石炭世斜坡相区地层划分与对比提供了可靠的依据。 相似文献
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四川通江诺水河二叠纪-三叠纪界线地层牙形石的发现 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
川东北地区碳酸盐台地相区二叠系-三叠系界线划分一向存在分歧,因为在二叠系与三叠系之间发育一套40-100m的白云岩的时代缺乏古生物依据。针对这一问题,在四川通江诺水河剖面进行地层古生物研究,在剖面34层和41层的白云岩中首次分别发现了牙形石化石Hindeodus latidentatus、Hindeodus typicalis和Hindeousminutus,Hindeous parvus、Isarcicella cf.staeschei、Isarcicella isacica。根据当前国内外古生物学的研究成果,34层的牙形石属于晚二叠世长兴期的化石,41层中的牙形石为早三叠世印度期的化石。结合两者的之间的岩石地层特点,初步将通江诺水河剖面的二叠系-三叠系的界线置于38层与39层、即白云岩与灰岩之间。 相似文献
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贵州西南部“法郎组”牙形石及其时代 总被引：35，自引：3，他引：32
根据近年牙形石研究,在“法郎组”中从下而上识别了３个牙形石带：１、Ｎｅｏｇｏｎｄｏｌｅｌｌａｐｏｌｙｇｎａｔｈｉｆｏｒｍｉｓ－Ｎｅｏｇｏｎｄｏｌｅｌｌａｍａａｎｔａｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ组合带;２、Ｎｅｏｇｏｎｄｏｌｅｌｌａｐｏｌｙｇｎａｔｉｆｏｒｍｉｓ－Ｎ－ｅｏｇｏｎｄｏｌｅｌｌａｔａｄｐｏｌｅ组合带;３、Ｎｅｏｇｏｎｄｏｌｅｌｌａｐｏｌｙｇｎａｔｉｆｏｒｍｉｓ带。根据牙形石Ｎ．ｅｘｃｅｌｓａ谱系演化、牙形石发展事件、牙形石分带及其与国内外的牙形石带对比,论证了“法郎组”的时代,“法郎组”可解体为瓦窑组和竹杆坡组,全属晚三叠世卡尼期,而不是拉丁期。 相似文献
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潘得尔学会(The Pander Society)即地层古生物一牙形石学会.它是由首次发现牙形石的苏联地质学家C.H.潘得尔名字命名的一个国际性的学科组织.该会成立于1967年,其宗旨是加强全世界牙形石专家相互联系,交流信息、科研成果、研究动态和推广新方法、新技术,促进本学科的发展. 相似文献
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云南罗平大凹子与上石坎剖面牙形类动物群研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
从大凹子剖面118件样品和上石坎剖面78件样品的系统研究中获得了丰富的牙形石标本,特征分子为Nicoraella kockeli Ni.germanicus,同时还获得了众多未能鉴定到种的片形分子Nicoraella sp.,Neospathodus sp.,以及大量的枝形分子,Cornudina? latidentata,Cornudina tortilis,Xaniognathus sp.,Hibbardellasp.,Cypridodella of.delicatula,Cypridodella cf.conflexa,Enantiognathus ziegler,Enantiognathus incurvus,Enantiognathus latus,Neohindeodella triassica,Hindeodella bogschi.对这些可识别到种级别的分子进行了鉴定描述,大凹子与上石坎剖面中获得的牙形石分子Nicoraella kockeli指示出罗平生物群的时代为Anisian期的Pelsonian亚期. 相似文献
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海底地形地貌分类是海洋地质学研究的重要内容之一,分类方法需要结合多学科知识完成。海底地形地貌中典型地理实体类型的界定也是海底地名命名研究的重要内容之一,直接关系到海底地名的准确性。国际海底地名命名分委会(SCUFN)在此领域已进行了多年的研究和探索,总结出了包含54类海底地理实体类型的海底地名通名列表。但由于命名方法的限制,目前SCUFN有关地名通名的界定原则多局限于对地理实体外表形态的判别,较少考虑其地质成因和构造性质,这也造成了许多地名提案出现了审议—通过—推翻—重新审议的情况。在分析海底地形地貌类型的基础上,总结现有的海底地理实体分类方法,并针对海底地名命名出现的地理实体类型界定争议,说明SCUFN分类方法存在的缺陷,力求寻找更加科学准确的海底地理实体界定方法。 相似文献
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AbstractMineral dust emissions from arid regions are influenced by the surface features encountered in the source regions. These surface features control both the erosion threshold and the intensity of the dust flux. Recently, a soil-derived dust emission scheme has been designed in order to provide an explicit representation of the mineral dust accounting for the influence of the surface features on the dust emissions. This physical scheme has been validated with micro-scale field measurements. Its large scale application has required the development of additional relations to estimate the input parameters from more accessible data: the mean height and the covering rate of the roughness elements and the min-eralogical soil type. The determination of these surface data has been based on a geomorphologic approach which describes the surface features of arid areas in a 1 × l° grid. Inside each square degree, up to five different areas characterised by different surface features have been distinguished. However, these areas have not been located inside the square degree. Each area can be constituted by several combined surface features, including roughness, vegetation, granulometry. Five main types of landscapes and eight main types of surface features have been distinguished. This approach is based on the combination of various data, mainly topographical, geological maps and climatological analysis. In addition to the problem of scale transfer, the main constraints to obtain a quantitative assessment are the confidence level of the existing data and the number of parameters to document. On the opposite, with this method, the fine scale required by the dust modelling can be separated from the scale accessible by the mapping approach, of the order of the square degree. This method can also be easily improved by aggregating new data and can be extended to other deserts. An example of application is given for the north-west of the Algerian Sahara where the method has been elaborated. The data provided by the modelling of the surface have been used to simulate dust emissions for 1990, 1991 and 1992 over the central and western Sahara. Over these three years, the mean annual dust emission is about 760 Mt-year?1 Although a significant interannual variability exists (mainly due to changes in the wind pattern), the most intensive emissions remain quite constant in terms of location. The percentage of agreement with satellite observations higher than 0.7 is 74 %, but only 32 % when using a model having a single threshold function for dust emission (i.e. the same surface feature for the whole Sahara) (cf. later Marticorena et al., 1997). © 2000 Éditions scientifiques et médicales Elsevier SAS 相似文献
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随着信息化的发展,地理信息数字产品的质量特点发生了质的变化,如何科学评定DLG数字线划图的质量是本文探讨的重要问题.本文提出应用模糊数学理论,用模糊综合评价法评定DLG数字产品的质量,并且建立了该方法的数学模型,确定了质量评价体系的指标因素和权重等.结合具体实例详细阐述了DLG数字线划图的模糊综合评价方法,进一步验证此方法行之有效. 相似文献
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利用地质和地震资料通过采用正演技术模拟石膏矿体的地震反射特征,设计了与矿体发育特征相适应观测系统参数,并应用到石膏矿的地震勘探中。通过分析对比地震时间剖面上的反射波特征,对石膏矿赋存特征和构造规律进行了解释研究,并评价了地震勘探方法对石膏等沉积型矿藏的勘探效果。利用该方法在新疆南疆地区进行了勘探试验和研究,取得了较好的效果,该方法有着良好的应用前景。 相似文献
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高密度电阻率法在地下涵洞勘测中的应用 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
本文介绍的高密度电阻率法是一种新兴的电阻率方法，与常规电阻率方法相比，高密度电阻率法具有成本低，效率高，测点密集，反映地电信息更丰富，更直观以及资料解释简单方便等特点。本文运用高密度电阻率法勘测地下涵洞，实践证明，高密度电阻率法获得的图形，质量高，解释误差小，是一种方便实用，效果良好，能广泛应用于工程勘测的物探方法。 相似文献
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The present paper is a continuation of the previous work on modeling the local stress field induced by the San Andreas fault system (Nikonov et al., 1975). This system has been simulated on plane elastic models made of optically sensitive material, the models being under homogeneous uniaxial compression. The photoelastic method has been used to study the redistribution of τmax around the fault system with sides closed under compression.Three main features emerge in the kinematics of fault-system modeling. The first is a peculiar distortion of an originally rectangular grid, reflecting right-lateral movements on the San Andreas fault. This is especially noticeable in its central part. The second is the appearance and spreading of tear breaks near the ends of the zone nearly normal to the strike of the ends of the master fault. The third feature is separation of fault wings in certain sections of the San Andreas fault in the model. All these features are in general correspondence with the phenomena actually observed in the San Andreas fault system. 相似文献
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Identifying environmental impacts of underground construction 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Dewatering of the groundwater resource and associated reduced flow of surface water features are potential negative impacts when constructing underground facilities. Little work has been done to develop methods for the early detection of environmental impacts on water resources where major underground construction is being undertaken. Recognizing this, prior to construction of two rock tunnels in the southwestern USA, a 3-year preconstruction program was implemented to monitor over 100 wells, springs, and streams in the project area that might be affected. This preconstruction monitoring phase has established data for a hydrologic reference which indicates a high degree of spatial and temporal variability. This variability must be accounted for when trying to identify construction-related impacts. The project area was subdivided into areas of similar characteristics based on geologic and hydrologic features. Measurements from features within each unit were then normalized and aggregated to derive a single representative flow parameter. This representative flow was then correlated to precipitation and major stream flow records to allow for a method of estimating unimpacted flow and groundwater levels during and after construction. Application of this method proved useful in determining and enabling a quick response to construction-related impacts. 相似文献
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在城市地质工作中应重视一种新型电磁法——可控源音频大地电磁法的应用 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
简要介绍可控源音频大地电磁场法的发展概况,方法特点。通过该方法在北京地区的应用效果,作者认为应当将该方法技术引进到城市地质工作中来。 相似文献