共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 437 毫秒
1.
有害藻华治理过程中改性粘土对仿刺参(Apostichopus japonicas Selenka)稚参的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
本文以仿刺参(Apostichopus japonicas Selenka)稚参为实验对象,研究了改性黏土治理有害藻华技术对仿刺参稚参的影响。96h急性毒性试验结果表明,改性黏土对仿刺参稚参的半致死浓度(LC50)为6.01g/L;安全浓度为0.601g/L,高于在现场时的使用浓度0.1g/L;慢性毒性试验显示改性黏土对仿刺参稚参成活率和体重增长率无明显影响;不同浓度的改性黏土添加组中,发现仿刺参稚参的体壁组分(水分、灰分、总糖、总脂和粗蛋白)含量变化不大,改性黏土的加入对减少仿刺参稚参的种内竞争有一定积极作用。另外,针对仿刺参稚参食用包括改性黏土在内的底层颗粒物的现象,考察了不同实验组仿刺参稚参体壁中铝的含量,分析结果显示各实验组与对照组没有显著差异。在此基础上,考察了改性黏土有效去除有害藻华的体系中仿刺参稚参的生长情况,发现与对照组相比,改性黏土有效地去除了有害藻华,还明显降低了仿刺参稚参的死亡率。因此,改性黏土是一种有效治理仿刺参养殖水体有害藻华、对养殖生物无负面影响的藻华治理技术。 相似文献
2.
为确立一种准确测量仿刺参体长的方法,选用薄荷醇(menthol)为麻醉剂,在不同麻醉浓度条件下,观察了对仿刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)幼参的麻醉反应,同时比较了在不同水温(11、13、15、17、19、21℃)环境条件下对不同规格((L)42.37 g±1.99 g、(M)22.91 g±1.03 g、(S)12.09 g±1.51g)幼参的麻醉效果。结果显示:当薄荷醇浓度在4%以内时对仿刺参具有良好的麻醉效果,麻醉起效迅速,复苏率为100%;在麻醉体积分数为0.25%、0.5%、1%时,对大规格幼参麻醉时间及复苏时间影响显著,而对中小规格影响不显著;水温11~19℃时,随着温度的升高,仿刺参幼参的麻醉时间从15.62 min±1.31 min缩短到12.17 min±0.21 min,但复苏时间从13.61 min±4.85 min显著增加到28.10 min±7.35 min,不同水温下薄荷醇对仿刺参幼参的麻醉效果差异显著(P0.05),当水温超过21℃时幼参麻醉状态出现异常,不适宜进行麻醉。研究表明:薄荷醇是一种对仿刺参安全有效的麻醉剂,在水温11~21℃进行测量体长的实验中,对体质量20 g以上的幼参适宜的麻醉体积分数为0.5%~1%,对体质量20 g以下的幼参适宜的麻醉体积分数为0.25%~0.5%。 相似文献
3.
仿刺参(Apostichopus japonicus Selenka)的体色变化很大,多数背腹均为黄褐色,极少数呈白化特征,背腹均为纯白色。经人工繁育实验发现,白化仿刺参的子代仍多具白化特征。本文研究了虾青素基因与刺参白化特征的相关性。在克隆虾青素基因cDNA全长的基础上,比较了普通仿刺参和白化仿刺参在不同发育时期虾青素基因表达量的差异。结果表明,该基因的cDNA含有2058个核苷酸,编码560个氨基酸。经实时定量PCR分析,白化成参体壁中虾青素基因表达量显著低于普通成参;而在仿刺参色素沉积的早期,白化稚参体壁中虾青素基因表达量从受精后第39天开始显著低于普通稚参。可见,仿刺参体壁中虾青素基因的低表达与刺参白化特征的发生密切相关。 相似文献
4.
单环刺螠生殖腺的发生及雌体的生殖周期 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用组织学方法观察单环刺螠(Urechis unicinctus)生殖腺的发生、卵巢的结构及其年周期变化.结果显示:3.5cm幼螠中,原始生殖细胞迁至后肠管壁外的结缔组织膜处,并数个集群与该处的体细胞共同构成性腺原基;至4 cm幼螠,性腺初具雏形;随着个体的生长和成熟,构成卵巢的细胞不断增殖,于虫体尾部后肠腹侧形成长条形膜状的卵巢,外周为卵原细胞,中央为结缔组织,其两端分别与后肠管壁外侧和体壁内侧相连.根据卵巢的组织学和体腔液中雌性生殖细胞的细胞学特征,单环刺螠的卵巢发育可划分为增殖期、生长期、成熟期、排放期和休止期5个时期.单环刺螠生殖腺为低等的定型类型,其卵巢成熟期较生殖期早半个月. 相似文献
5.
本研究以硫酸镁作为麻醉剂,比较了在不同水温条件下硫酸镁对仿刺参幼参的麻醉效果,分析了不同浓度硫酸镁对仿刺参幼参的麻醉效果。实验水温设置11℃、13℃、15℃、17℃、19℃和21℃六个温度梯度,实验用仿刺参幼参规格分为大规格(L)40.26±1.84g、中规格(M)21.83±1.72g、小规格(S)11.03±1.63g。实验结果显示:1.在硫酸镁麻醉剂浓度相同时,仿刺参规格越大麻醉所需时间越长,复苏时间却越短;随着麻醉剂浓度增加,对仿刺参幼参麻醉时间相应缩短,但复苏时间呈现逐渐延长。不同浓度硫酸镁麻醉剂对不同规格仿刺参的麻醉效果具有显著差异(P0.05)。2.在水温11℃~20℃范围内,随着水温的升高,对仿刺参幼参的麻醉时间从26.13±17.78min缩短到21.47±3.52min,但复苏时间从26.13±17.78min增加到71.05±12.32min,不同水温条件下硫酸镁对仿刺参幼参麻醉效果影响显著(P0.05)。研究表明,仿刺参体重在20g以下的适宜麻醉浓度为0.1~0.25mol·L-1,体重在20g以上的适宜麻醉浓度为0.25~0.35mol·L~(-1)。 相似文献
6.
触手、管足是仿刺参（Apostichopus japonicus）的摄食和运动器官,对食物选择和生境斑块选择有着重要影响。本研究利用组织学、组织化学、透射电镜和扫描电镜技术对仿刺参触手、管足的组织结构,粘液细胞类型进行了研究,并探讨了触手和管足结构与功能的关系。研究查明了仿刺参触手柄部组织结构由外至内为角质层、上皮、疏松结缔组织、致密结缔组织、神经丛、纵肌层、间皮;触手末端与柄部结构组成基本相同,仅乳突腹面上皮加厚。管足吸盘由外自内依次为角质层、上皮、神经丛、结缔组织、端板、间皮。触手和管足细胞多含酸性粘多糖。触手乳突腹面分布有一种含有颗粒囊泡的粘液细胞,管足吸盘腹面存在有纤毛的非分泌细胞（CNS）、支持细胞（SC）、无纤毛细胞（NCS) 相似文献
7.
用光镜、扫描电镜和透射电镜观察研究健康刺参（Apostichopus japonicus）呼吸树的形态结构,并观察研究濒死刺参呼吸树的异常,结果显示：刺参呼吸树由外向内依次为体腔上皮、肌层、血腔、内皮细胞和中央腔。体腔上皮细胞游离面有长而不规则的微绒毛,细胞上部吞饮小泡丰富,细胞中常见吞噬体。内皮细胞表面有各种形状的细胞突起,细胞顶浆分泌活跃,细胞内质膜小泡丰富。体腔上皮细胞和内皮细胞中丰富的吞饮小泡和质膜小泡提示这两种细胞具有吸收功能。体腔上皮和内皮下连续成层的基膜围戍呼吸树中封闭的血腔。内皮层与内皮基膜构成呼吸树的呼吸膜,由泄殖腔进入呼吸树中央腔的海水和呼吸树血腔中的血液经此气一血屏障进行气体交换,完成呼吸作用。体腔上皮与上皮下基膜构成体腔液一血液屏障,刺参的体腔液与呼吸树血腔中的血液经此屏障进行物质交换。呼吸树还在渗透压调节和代谢产物排泄中起作用。在濒死刺参的呼吸树中,纤毛虫大量积聚在中央腔中并附着在内皮层上,导致呼吸作用不能正常进行,这可能是当养殖水体恶化时造成刺参患病并死亡的重要原因之一。 相似文献
8.
以组织学、组织化学和透射电镜观察等方法研究了皱纹盘鲍自孵化后的担轮幼虫至1a龄幼鲍10个时期消化系统的胚后发育.食道于面盘幼虫早期出现;自围口壳幼虫食道中段的上皮细胞开始分泌蛋白酶;在上足分化幼体食道侧囊形成;在稚鲍,食道侧囊上皮分化成微绒毛细胞、分泌细胞和纤毛细胞.嗉囊直至稚鲍期才形成;在1a龄幼鲍,嗉囊腔大于胃腔.胃出现于面盘幼虫早期;到匍匐幼虫,胃腔出现单细胞藻.肠出现于面盘幼虫早期;在上足分化幼虫,肠上皮分化为纤毛细胞和微绒毛细胞两种细胞;在稚鲍肠上皮分化成纤毛细胞、微绒毛细胞、Ⅰ型腺细胞、Ⅱ型腺细胞和黏液细胞共5种细胞,肠沟出现.唾液腺形成于上足分化幼虫期.消化腺于面盘幼虫早期出现,自面盘幼虫中期开始分化成嗜碱性细胞和消化细胞.嗜碱性细胞的细胞质由嗜酸性逐渐转变为嗜碱性;至上足分化幼虫,细胞内出现含铁的折光小体.消化细胞自匍匐幼虫摄食起就出现内吞作用,细胞内含大量囊泡.研究表明,发育到稚鲍时,消化系统诸器官的结构和功能已基本接近成鲍. 相似文献
9.
刺参对人工礁体设计关键指标的选择性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用平均聚集率(Mean Attractive Rate,MAR)作为统计分析指标,研究了仿刺参(Apostichopusjaponicas Selenka)对人工礁体结构设计关键指标(孔径、间隙、颜色、夹角)的选择性及其行为特性。结果表明:(1)随着实验时间延长,仿刺参在礁体模型上的聚集数量呈上升趋势;(2)礁体模型在自然光照条件下的聚参效果优于黑暗条件下的聚参效果(P<0.05);(3)孔径组各水平间聚参效果比较:2 cm>4 cm、16 cm>8 cm(P<0.05),4 cm与16 cm间差异不显著;间隙组各水平间聚参效果比较:2 cm>4 cm>6 cm>8 cm(P<0.05);颜色组各水平间聚参效果比较:黑色、蓝色、红色>绿色>白色>透明(P<0.05),黑色、蓝色、红色间差异不显著;夹角组各水平间聚参效果比较:15°>30°>45°、60°>90°、120°(P<0.05),45°与60°差异不显著,90°与120°差异不显著。说明仿刺参适应礁体模型需要一定时间,呈负趋光性。10 g至30 g的仿刺参,对设计指标为2 cm孔径、2 cm间距、深色、15°夹角的人工礁体,具有较好地选择性。 相似文献
10.
本文报道了刺参池塘养殖的研究成果。本试验在水深80cm、日换水率在3%以上、面积为3.91亩的养虾池中进行。在虾池内建造人工海参礁;往虾池投放体长5—7cm的参苗1249头和体长1cm左右的参苗2500头;不投任何饵料。经过1年半饲养,刺参有147头(约4%)长到商品规格,平均体重达179.6g,有600头平均体重达到50—120g。 本项试验的意义在于:为刺参的人工养殖开辟了新的途径,对刺参要求的环境条件提供了新的依据,同时为生物净化养虾池创出了新路,具有重要的理论意义和经济价值。 相似文献
11.
锯缘青蟹幼体性分化的解剖学及组织学实验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
锯缘青蟹（Ｓｃｙｌｌａ ｓｅｒｒａｔａ［Ｆｏｒｓｋａｌ］）背甲宽×长为２．３×１．５ｃｍ的幼蟹，其上部性征已开始发生分化，雌性个体腹部宽度增大，副性征也有胆显的差异，在雄性个体腹足呈单肢型而雌体呈双肢型。但是，在幼蟹生殖腺仍见不到组织学上的差异。腹部肢是分辨幼蟹性别是为直观，适宜的指标。本文还讨论了青蟹两性生殖系统形态结构及其功能上的差异问题。 相似文献
12.
长牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)Wnt4基因cDNA克隆与表达分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Wnt4作为Wnt基因家族的重要成员,在动物的生长发育过程中起重要调控作用。本文利用RACE技术克隆了长牡蛎Wnt4基因c DNA全长序列,该序列全长1999bp,开放阅读框为1068bp,编码355个氨基酸,该蛋白序列与人(Homo sapiens)、沙蚕(Platynereis dumerilii)和栉孔扇贝(Chlamys farreri)Wnt4蛋白的相似性分别为44%、48%和46%。通过荧光定量RT-PCR分析长牡蛎Wnt4基因在成体不同组织和不同发育阶段的表达情况,发现长牡蛎的Wnt4基因具有广泛的组织表达特点,在所检测的多种组织中(外套膜、鳃、唇瓣、消化腺、雄性性腺、雌性性腺)均有表达,推测长牡蛎的Wnt4以信号分子的形式参与多种组织细胞的生命过程;长牡蛎个体发育过程中Wnt4基因的高表达主要集中在胚胎发育的早期(桑葚期最高,原肠胚期次之),幼贝期该基因的表达量很低,说明Wnt4基因可能在早期发育阶段参与了某些器官的形成。 相似文献
13.
潮间带垒石蒙网养鲍技术研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在潮间带进行垒石蒙网养鲍试验，４个岩礁区共设置１３６个石垛，放养壳长１．３￣３．０厘米的鲍５５．１万只，经１８个月养殖，共产商品鲍１９．２５４吨，平均亩产１３９７．８公斤，平均壳长６．８１厘米，成活率８９．６％，实现产值６９３．１４４万元，利润３５２．８１万元。该成果１９９６年被评为青岛市科技进步三等奖。 相似文献
14.
《African Journal of Marine Science》2013,35(1):663-674
Between 1978 and 1990,1 800 copper sharks Carcharhinus brachyurus were caught in the shark nets that protect the swimming beaches of Natal. The species constituted 9,6 per cent of the total shark catch. Annual catches and catch rates fluctuated widely about a mean of 138 sharks and 3,5 sharks·km net?1 respectively. Most sharks were caught at the southern beaches during the annual Natal sardine run in June and July, when shoals of pilchard Sardinops ocellatus move into the waters off southern Natal. Catches were dominated by sharks >140 cm pre-caudal length PCL. Mature males (generally ≥ 175 cm PCL) were present for much of the year, but mature females (generally ≥ 190 cm) and immature sharks were only abundant in June and July. Gonad indices in males were highest in March and April, whereas high gonad indices and large ova were recorded in females in June and July. Mating appears to take place after July and parturition about 12 months later, both occur south of the netted region. The smallest of 50 pregnant females caught was 178 cm. Mean embryo length within a litter ranged from 17 to 54 cm. Teleosts were found in 92 per cent and pilchard in 84 per cent of stomachs containing food. 相似文献
15.
水温 2 0℃条件下 ,选用 6种方式进行稚鲍剥离对比实验。电剥离方式在剥离效率、稚鲍存活率 (长、短期 )及生长速度方面均具有明显的优势 ;混合气体处理与升温刺激的剥离效果最差 ,其余 3种方式 (酒精、氨基甲酸乙酯、乙基氨基香酸麻醉 )没有显著差异。对不同规格稚鲍剥离实验结果表明 ,8mm以下稚鲍选用高强度电剥离 ( 0 .5～ 0 .7V/ cm)方式为最佳 ;8～ 10 mm稚鲍选用中强度 ( 0 .3～ 0 .4 V/ cm) ;12 mm以上稚鲍可使用低强度电剥离 ( 0 .1～ 0 .2 V/ cm)方式。 相似文献
16.
池养乌苏里拟鲿雌雄鱼生长及周年性激素与性腺发育研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
乌苏里拟鲿(Pseudobagrus ussuriensis)的种质资源保护和商品鱼养殖正在我国悄然兴起。本文首次研究了乌苏里拟鲿雌、雄鱼在池塘养殖条件下的生长规律以及性成熟鱼周年性腺发育与性激素变化特性。研究结果表明,乌苏里拟鲿随着年龄的增长,雌鱼和雄鱼之间的体质量、体长差异逐渐明显,雌鱼体长与体质量的关系式为:W=0.182 5L1.964 6(R2=0.944 5);雄鱼体长与体质量的关系式为:W=0.188 1L2.0059(R2=0.961 8)。在12月份(2龄鱼)至翌年10月份(3龄鱼)期间,雌、雄鱼丰满度呈下降趋势,成熟度、血清雌二醇(E2)和睾酮(T)水平均呈先升高后下降的变化规律。雌鱼的E2和T在5月份达到最高值,分别为(1 624.23±331.4)pg/mL和(1 320.85±279.12)pg/mL;雄鱼的E2在5月份达到最高值(323.17±147.36)pg/mL,而T的最高值则出现在4月份,为(758.33±100.47)pg/mL。雌、雄鱼性腺发育和成熟度基本同步,从外观和组织学观察对性腺的分期显示,2龄乌苏里拟鲿在12月份的精巢和卵巢已发育至第Ⅲ期,在次年6月份均达到第Ⅴ期。 相似文献
17.
To obtain baseline information on the size distribution of individuals in the population and reproductive features of sea star Asterias amurensis, monthly surveys of the population were carried out from May to December 2010 and March to May 2015 in coastal waters off Yantai, China. Spawning period was predicted by gonad and pyloric caeca indices as well as anatomical and histological methods. In the A. amurensis population, both large individuals(143 mm) and small ones(42 mm) were present in all sampling months. The population size structure was driven by the appearance of big cohorts of individuals less than 55 mm from May to August. The appearance of small individuals in all months suggested a prolonged spawning period at other sites in this bay or sea stars growing slowly because of food shortage. An arm length is a good predictor to wet body weight for A.amurensis. The development of gonad was relative slow from May to September but rapidly reached a peak of20.95 in October 2010, and then dropped remarkably, indicating its spawning lasted from October to November.The same phenomenon was found from March to May 2015, suggesting another spawning during March to May,which was also verified by the results of histologic analysis on ovary. The gonad index(GI) and pyloric caeca index(PCI) tended to show a negative relationship. Due to the poor food availability, the reproductive characteristics of sea star were most likely affected by the shellfish mariculturein Yantai coastal waters. 相似文献
18.
Paula S. Haynes Deirdre Brophy David McGrath Roisin O'Callaghan Stephen Comerford Paul Casburn 《Journal of Sea Research》2010,64(4):494-504
Turbot (Psetta maxima Linnaeus) is a high value commercially exploited marine flatfish which occurs in European waters, from the Northeast Atlantic to the Arctic Circle, the Baltic and Mediterranean Sea. In Ireland, turbot are the most valuable commercial non-quota species. Very little is known about their population dynamics in the wild, in particular during the sandy beach nursery phase of the life history. In 2000, a survey was established to assess flatfish species on nursery grounds on the west coast of Ireland. Eleven sandy beaches were assessed for 0+ turbot by beach seining, over an eight year period (2000–2007) during the months of August and September. The objective of the study was to estimate juvenile turbot abundance and size structure to determine if any spatial and annual trends existed. Large scale variability in the recruitment of fish to nursery grounds may be indicative of fluctuations in the adult stock. Turbot were found to recruit to five beaches consistently over the eight year period. Temporal and spatial variability in the relative abundance and length of turbot was discerned, with no apparent overall trend. However, certain nursery grounds were shown in most of the years examined to support higher abundances of turbot in comparison to other areas over the eight year period. Turbot abundances on nursery grounds were significantly correlated with mean spring sea temperatures during the pelagic stage. The condition of turbot did not significantly differ on an annual or spatial scale. Mean densities of 0+ turbot along the Irish coast were found to be similar and at times higher than other areas in Europe, ranging from 0.1 (± 0.3) individuals 1000 m− 2 to 18.5 (± 6.9) individuals 1000 m− 2. Mean turbot total length on beaches ranged from 3.8 cm (± 0.6) to 6.6 cm (± 4.3). The observed spatial and temporal variability in abundance and length highlights the need for long-term studies when assessing juvenile flatfish populations. Results from the present study have provided much needed baseline data on wild juvenile turbot populations which is severely lacking for this species both on an Irish and on a European scale. 相似文献
19.
Reproductive cycles of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg) from the Marlborough Sounds, New Zealand, were followed between June 1998 and January 2000. Histological examination of the gonad confirms an annual cycle with a winter inactive period followed by rapid gonad development and a single short spawning period. The population gonad index correlated with seawater temperature and changes in tissue dry weight, condition index, and biochemical components. In winter, few individuals with early gametogenic stages were present and rapid development of primary oocytes (diam. 11 μm) occurred during spring (September‐November). The developmental rate and the diameter of mature oocytes (37 μm) was similar for the 1998 and 1999 seasons. For a standard 110‐mm‐length oyster, maximal tissue body weight and condition index were recorded in December. Rapid weight loss in January was length dependent and was attributed to spawning. Temperature was the environmental variable which best correlated with the timing of gametogenesis. Food availability (phytoplankton biomass) may have been responsible for inter‐annual variations. The biochemical composition (% glycogen, lipid, protein) of separated gonad and somatic tissues were variable seasonally and annually. Gametogenesis (oocyte diameter) was associated with increased gonad protein and glycogen and a decrease in lipid concentrations. These changes are similar to those in Pacific oyster populations from other parts of the world. 相似文献