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为了提高城市火灾应急救援效率,最大限度降低人民群众生命财产损失,以ArcGIS Engine和ArcGIS Object SDK for.Net为桌面GIS应用程序的二次开发框架,构建PC桌面端徐州市火灾应急救援系统.该系统充分利用GIS强大的海量数据存储、查询及分析的特色功能,实现数据管理、信息查询、应急救援、风险评估及案件记录等功能,可解决目前消防指挥部门中诸如人工查询低效导致火场信息不清、救援方案不明确,救援路线不佳导致救援效率低下、人工记录不全面等问题,为徐州城市火灾高效救援提供技术支持. 相似文献
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近年来,极端天气引起的洪涝灾害频繁发生,给人民生命财产安全造成巨大威胁。乡镇区域由于基础设施不够完善、应急救援信息化建设相对薄弱,是人员、经济损失最为严重的区域。针对上述问题,基于ArcGIS Engine设计并开发了乡镇区域洪灾应急路径规划和制图系统,通过设计灾区信息查询、道路更新、救援路径规划、应急地图制图和灾情统计等功能,优化救援路径规划方案,提高应急地图制图效率,为乡镇区域洪灾应急救援提供支持和服务。 相似文献
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以某化学制药厂为例,基于ArcGIS空间数据结构上,采用C#开发语言在ArcGlobe基础之上进行二次开发,实现了应急疏散路径的生成.并在三维模型GIS系统中实现可视化.通过GIS空间网络分析功能,结合三维展示系统,直观地将最短路径及最佳疏散路径展示出来.本文对在快速救援指挥中分配与管理救援人员,迅速采取措施,加快救援速度,防止发生二次事故,最大程度上降低生命财产损失十分有利,同时也为决策者制定救援方案提供了科学依据. 相似文献
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阐述了一种基于GIS和无人机技术的地震应急救援系统的系统设计和功能设计,该系统以无人机为载体搭载高清摄像机、红外设备和救援设备,结合GIS平台的强大分析功能,实现了震区高清影像采集、震区灾情采集、救援物资配送等功能,提高了地震应急救援的效率. 相似文献
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构建及时、有效的卫星遥感应急监测信息服务框架,是开展自然灾害应急救援能力建设的重要内容。本文以数据统筹管理、多源数据处理、应灾信息分析及信息服务快速发布等关键技术为核心,依托高效互联机制和高速数据通道,构建了卫星遥感应急监测信息服务框架。通过在四川木里森林火灾应急遥感监测中的具体应用,实现了对灾前灾后数据的实时推送,以及灾区遥感解译图、三维地形、救援通达性及火灾变化等综合信息服务的及时发布,为四川省火灾一线救援工作提供了科学指导,为新时期国家应急能力建设提供了探索性技术途径。 相似文献
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利用机载LiDAR点云数据进行建筑物重建是当今摄影测量与遥感领域的一个热点问题,特别是复杂形状建筑物模型的精确自动构建一直是一个难题。本文提出一种基于关键点检测的复杂建筑物模型自动重建方法,采用RANSAC法与距离法相结合的分割方法自动提取建筑物屋顶各个平面的点云,并利用Alpha Shape算法提取出各个平面的精确轮廓,根据屋顶平面之间的空间拓扑关系分析建筑物的公共交线特征,在此特征约束下对提取的初始关键点进行修正,最终重建出精确的建筑物3维模型。选取不同类型复杂建筑物与包含复杂建筑物的城市区域点云进行实验,结果表明该算法具有较强实用价值。 相似文献
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Car routing solutions are omnipresent and solutions for pedestrians also exist. Furthermore, public or commercial buildings are getting bigger and the complexity of their internal structure has increased. Consequently, the need for indoor routing solutions has emerged. Some prototypes are available, but they still lack semantically-enriched modelling (e.g., access constraints, labels, etc.) and are not suitable for providing user-adaptive length-optimal routing in complex buildings. Previous approaches consider simple rooms, concave rooms, and corridors, but important characteristics such as distinct areas in huge rooms and solid obstacles inside rooms are not considered at all, although such details can increase navigation accuracy. By formally defining a weighted indoor routing graph, it is possible to create a detailed and user-adaptive model for route computation. The defined graph also contains semantic information such as room labels, door accessibility constraints, etc. Furthermore, one-way paths inside buildings are considered, as well as three-dimensional building parts, e.g., elevators or stairways. A hierarchical structure is also possible with the presented graph model. 相似文献
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《International Journal of Digital Earth》2013,6(8):798-813
ABSTRACTCities often have a substantial green infrastructure, which provides local ecosystem services that improve the quality of life of urban residents. These services should be explicitly addressed in urban development policies, and areas with insufficient vegetation and limited access to public green spaces should be identified. This paper presents two spatially explicit urban green indicators that are derived using remote sensing imagery, freely available map data and spatial analysis tools from open source geospatial libraries and commercial software. The first indicator represents proportional green cover (public as well as private) in the vicinity of each building within a city. The second indicator quantifies the proximity of public green spaces as walking distances from buildings to actual park entrances. A dasymetric mapping approach was used to take spatial variations in population density into account. This allows representing the indicators from the perspective of citizens instead of buildings, which may be more meaningful for deriving statistics at city level or at the level of neighbourhoods or administrative zones. The potential use of these indicators in a planning context is discussed on a case study carried out for the city of Brussels, Belgium. 相似文献
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本文以古建筑档案管理工作需求为基础,兼顾古建筑展示需要,介绍了基于Flex开发的南通市文保单位及历史建筑管理信息系统。重点介绍了系统的设计原理和具体实现方法。结果表明该系统可较好地管理古建筑测量数据,展示古建筑测绘成果。 相似文献
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基于几何元素的三维景观实体建模研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在分析已有国内外研究成果的基础上 ,提出了基于几何元素的 3DCM空间数据模型。实验证明 ,该模型能较精确地表达 3DCM中各类景观实体及其空间关系。 相似文献
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Car routing solutions are omnipresent and solutions for pedestrians also exist.Furthermore,public or commercial buildings are getting bigger and the complexity of their internal structure has increased.Consequently,the need for indoor routing solutions has emerged.Some prototypes are available,but they still lack semantically-enriched modelling (e.g.,access constraints,labels,etc.) and are not suitable for providing user-adaptive length-optimal routing in complex buildings.Previous approaches consider simple rooms,concave rooms,and corridors,but important characteristics such as distinct areas in huge rooms and solid obstacles inside rooms are not considered at all,although such details can increase navigation accuracy.By formally defining a weighted indoor routing graph,it is possible to create a detailed and user-adaptive model for route computation.The defined graph also contains semantic information such as room labels,door accessibility constraints,etc.Furthermore,one-way paths inside buildings are considered,as well as three-dimensional building parts,e.g.,elevators or stairways.A hierarchical structure is also possible with the presented graph model. 相似文献
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针对航空影像中目标提取的困难，提出了一种基于可变模板的航空影像中建筑物提取方法，并针对几种比较典型的建筑物，详细讨论了模板的设计、目标初始参数的获取及模板最优参数求解等几个关键性的问题。采用这种方法进行航空影像中目标的提取时，可以将影像中的多种信息和人的识别能力进行有效的融合，因而能够达到可靠地提取影像中目标的目的。作为一种有效的优化求解方法，模拟退火被用于目标提取的优化过程。为了验证这种方法提取航空影像中目标的能力，给出了利用可变模板提取航空影像中几种不同类型的建筑物的例子 相似文献
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Abstract Information on the number and type of new building structures is required by urban and transportation planners and the real estate industry. The goal of this paper is to explore the potential of high resolution imagery for meeting public and private sector demands for information on new buildings. The value of 1 m, 5 m, and 10 m panchromatic and 1 m color scanned aerial photography images acquired in 1997 and 1998 for a study area within the City of San Diego, California is assessed for general change detection and building enumeration. Both semi‐automated and interactive change‐detection approaches are evaluated. We demonstrate that interactive, visual‐based approaches appear to be the most accurate (within 1% of actual count) and efficient approach for generating information on the number of new buildings associated with single family residential land use. More automated approaches to detecting and enumerating image microfeatures may be useful as enhancements for visual‐based assessments and may be practical in areas composed mostly of large buildings associated with commercial and industrial land use. The highest accuracy for automated approaches was an undercounting of 11% for residential buildings and overcounting of 20% for those associated with commercial and industrial land use. 相似文献